n14、基床表层沥青混凝土防水层施工作业指导书.doc

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1、Annual straw consumption is about 300 (15x20) million tons to 450 (15x30) million tonnes. Around each plant to town for curing Center straw briquette factory, about 30, curing each straw briquette factory production capacity of 10,000 tons per year, production of major products supply power plants a

2、nd the rest as ordinary fuel. Chapter III, section I industry investment analysis investment benefit analysis, industry profitability industry benchmark yield to 12%, more than a moderate level of profitability, have higher profitability. Secondly, solvency, with good profitability and, hence, have

3、enough liquidity. Three biomass energy resource in China, industry growth prospects are very experienced and bright prospects for development of biomass power generation industry. On one hand, the sown area of 1.8 billion mu of crops, the year produces 700 million tons of matter. Apart from the part

4、s used in papermaking and livestock feed, and the rest will be done fuel use. The other hand, Chinas current forest area of about 175 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 18.21%, every year through normal Bush stumping rejuvenation, forest thinning, hedgerow fruit trees and the collection o

5、f forest felling, bucking, processing residues, biomass resources available at about 800 million to 1 billion tons. Theory of biomass energy resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standa

6、rd coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant

7、 environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint in

8、troduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical develop

9、ed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the renewable energy law came into effect on January 1, 2006, making a complete set of administrative rules and regulations also promulgated. On October 4, 2006 of the Ministry of the interim measures for the administration of special funds f

10、or renewable energy development, the approach of special funds to support key, application and approval, financial management, checking and supervision of comprehensive provisions. The regulations: development of special funds established by the financial departments of the State Council, the use of

11、 special funds for the development include free grants and subsidized loans, through the central financial budget. According to the role of biomass energy and the countrys status quo, is currently focused on the development of the project are as follows: (1) recent development priorities: biomass ga

12、sification and gas, biomass gasification power generation, large biogas, biomass direct combustion heating (2) medium-and long-term development projects: height of biomass gasification power generation project (BIG/CC), the production of hydrogen from biomass such as resource in China close to 1.5 b

13、illion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass soli

14、d fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national

15、development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials b

16、ase grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the新建云桂铁路云南段YGT-3标段 编号：014 基床表层沥青混凝土防水层施工作业指导书单位： 编制： 审核： 批准： 年 月 日发布 年 月 日实施目 录1.适用范围22.作业准备22.1内业技术准备22.2外业技术准备23

17、.技术要求34施工程序及工艺流程34.1施工程序34.2施工工艺流程图35施工要求45.1施工准备45.2基床表层沥青混凝土配合比设计55.3施工工艺55.3.1基床表层沥青混凝土拌制55.3.2基床表层沥青混凝土运输55.3.3基床表层沥青混凝土摊铺65.3.4基床表层沥青混凝土碾压76.劳动组织87.材料要求88.设备机具配置89.质量控制及验收99.1质量控制99.2质量检验910.安全及环保要求1010.1 安全要求1010.2 环保措施10基床表层沥青混凝土防水层施工作业指导书1.适用范围适用于新建铁路云桂线云南段站前三标段路基基床表层沥青混凝土防水层施工。2.作业准备2.1内业技术

18、准备作业指导书编制后，应在开工前组织技术人员认真学习实施性施工组织设计，阅读、审核施工图纸，澄清有关技术问题，熟悉规范和技术标准。制定施工安全保证措施，提出应急预案。对施工人员进行技术交底，对参加施工人员进行上岗前技术培训，考核合格后持证上岗。2.2外业技术准备施工作业层中所涉及的各种外部技术数据收集。修建生活房屋，配齐生活、办公设施，满足主要管理、技术人员进场生活、办公需要。3.技术要求3.1沥青混凝土在拌合厂采用拌合机械拌制。3.2沥青混凝土的配合比进行室内试验，确定好施工配合比。沥青混凝土的配合比的技术指标要满足设计要求的各项规定。3.3选取一段路基，进行工艺试验，确定各种工艺参数，各参

19、数应满足施工设计要求。4施工程序及工艺流程4.1施工程序施工准备 沥青混凝土配合比设计 沥青混凝土拌制 沥青混凝土运输 沥青混凝土摊铺 沥青混凝土碾压 沥青混凝土接缝。4.2施工工艺流程图基床表层沥青混凝土防水层施工工艺框图如下：N基床表层级配碎石验收机械选型及安装料场选择机械检修测量放样材料性能鉴定机械试运转配合比设计配合比试验施工准备批准配合比试机拌和试验段施工混合料生产拌和混合料摊铺抽提试验压 实压实度检测路面成型检测制定改进措施混合料运输报监理单位确认Y基床表层沥青混凝土防水层施工工艺框图5施工要求5.1施工准备施工前应做好沥青混凝土用原材料的备料工作，原材料各项指标应符合规范和设计的

20、要求。拌合场内不同规格的矿物料应分别堆放，细集料堆放应有防止雨淋措施。沥青混凝土必须采用厂内集中搅拌。在大面积填筑前，应根据初选的摊铺、碾压机械及试生产出的沥青混凝土，进行现场摊铺压实工艺试验，确定生产配合比、松铺厚度、碾压工艺、机械配套方案、施工组织。试验段长度不宜小于100m。基床表层沥青混凝土摊铺前应检查基床表层级配碎石或级配砂砾石层几何尺寸，核对压实标准，不符合标准的应进行修整，达到验收标准。基床表层沥青混凝土施工必须有施工组织设计，保证合理的施工工期。不得在气温低于10、雨天、路面潮湿的情况下施工。热拌沥青混凝土的施工温度宜按试验确定，无条件的应按沥青标号、气候条件参照表5-1。表5

21、-1 热拌沥青混凝土的施工温度（）施工工序石油沥青的标号50号70号90号110号沥青加热温度160170155165150160145155矿料加热温度间歇式拌合机集料加热温度比沥青温度高1030连续式拌合机矿料加热温度比沥青温度高510沥青混凝土出料温度150170145165140160135155沥青混凝土储料仓储存温度储料过程中温度降低不超过10沥青混凝土废弃温度200195190185运到现场的温度不低于150145140135沥青混凝土摊铺温度不低于正常施工140135130125低温施工160150140135开始碾压的沥青混凝土内部温度不低于正常施工135130125120低

22、温施工150145135130碾压终了的表面温度不低于钢筒式压路机80706560轮胎式压路机85807570振动式压路机75706055可通车的表面温度不高于505050455.2基床表层沥青混凝土配合比设计沥青混凝土的矿料级配应符合设计要求。采用马歇尔试验配合比设计方法。沥青混凝土的马歇尔稳定度、流值、孔隙率、沥青饱和度等指标应符合设计要求，并具有良好的高温稳定性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性能、防渗水性能等，其技术指标应符合设计要求。 沥青混凝土配合比设计通过目标配合比设计、生产配合比设计及生产配合比验证三个阶段，确定矿料级配、最佳沥青用量。5.3施工工艺5.3.1基床表层沥青混凝土拌制a拌合厂

23、的设置必须符合国家有关环境保护、消防、安全等规定。b考虑交通堵塞等因素，尽可能缩短拌合厂与工地的运输距离，确保混合料温度下降不超过要求，且不致因颠簸造成混合料离析。c各种集料必须分隔储存，细集料场地应设防雨顶棚，料场和场区道路应硬化，严禁泥土等污染集料。拌合厂应做好完整的排水设施。沥青混凝土采用间歇式拌合机，拌合机的拌合能力应满足施工进度要求。 沥青混凝土的生产温度宜符合热拌沥青混凝土施工温度表中的有关规定。烘干集料的残余含水量不得大于1，每天开始几盘集料应提高加热温度，并干拌几锅集料废弃，再正式加沥青拌合混合料。沥青混凝土出厂时应逐车检验其重量和温度，记录出厂时间，签发运料单。5.3.2基床

24、表层沥青混凝土运输沥青混凝土采用自卸车运输（区间狭窄地段采用小机动翻斗车倒料），不得在级配碎石或级配砂砾石路面上急刹车、急掉头，应匀速行驶，避免对级配碎石或级配砂砾石层造成损伤。运输车辆每次使用前后必须清扫干净，车厢板上涂一薄层防止沥青粘结的隔离剂或防粘结剂，但不得有余液积聚在车厢底部。从拌合机向运料车上装料时，应多次挪动汽车位置，平衡装料，减少混合料离析。运料车运输混合料应覆盖保温、防雨、防污染。夏季运输时间短于0.5h时可不加覆盖。在运输过程中如发现有沥青结合料沿车厢板滴落时，应采取措施予以避免。运料车每次卸料必须倒尽。5.3.3基床表层沥青混凝土摊铺站线沥青混凝土防水层采用沥青摊铺机摊铺

25、，摊铺机的受料斗应涂刷薄层隔离剂或防粘结剂。区间沥青混凝土防水层采用人工配合小型机具摊铺，或特制设备摊铺。摊铺机开工作业前应提起3060min预热熨平板至不低于100。铺筑过程中应选择熨平板的振捣或夯锤压实装置具有适宜的振动频率和振幅，以提高路面的初始压实度。熨平板加宽连接应仔细调节至摊铺的混合料没有明显的离析痕迹。摊铺机必须缓慢、均匀、连续不间断地摊铺，不得随意变速或中途停顿和频繁收起挡料板，以提高平整度，减少混合料的离析。摊铺速度宜控制在26m/min。当发现混合料出现明显的离析、波浪、裂缝、拖痕时，应分析原因，予以消除。摊铺机应采用自动找平方式，可采用钢丝绳引导、平衡梁或雪橇式等摊铺厚度

26、控制方式。沥青混凝土的松铺系数应按工艺试验确定。在局部机械作业不能到位部分可采用人工摊铺。人工摊铺混合料应符合下列要求：a沥青混凝土宜卸在铁板上，摊铺时应扣锹布料，不得杨锹抛甩。铁锹等工具宜沾防粘剂或加热使用。b 边摊铺边用刮板整平，刮平时应轻重一致，控制次数，严防集料离析。c 摊铺不得中间停顿，并加快碾压。如不能及时碾压时，应停止摊铺，并对卸下的沥青混凝土覆盖保温。d 低温施工时，每次卸下的混合料应及时覆盖保温。5.3.4基床表层沥青混凝土碾压应配备适合于贵广铁路TJ-13基床表层沥青混凝土防水层结构特点的压路机，选择合理的压路机组合方式及初压、复压、终压的碾压步骤，以达到最佳的碾压效果。低

27、温、风大、薄层碾压时压路机数量应适当增加。压路机应以慢而均匀的速度碾压，压路机碾压速度应符合下表中的要求，压路机的碾压线路、方向不应突然改变，导致混合料推移。沥青混凝土碾压速度（km/h）压路机类型初 压复 压终 压适 宜最 大适 宜最 大适 宜最 大钢筒式压路机234356366轮胎式压路机234356468振动式压路机23静压或振动4静压或振动35振动5振动36静压6静压压路机的碾压温度应符合热拌沥青混凝土施工温度表中的有关要求。在不产生严重推移和裂缝的前提下，碾压在尽可能高的温度下进行，不得在低温状况下作反复碾压。压路机不得在未碾压成型的路段转向、掉头、加水或停留。初压应紧跟摊铺机进行，

28、并保持较短区段。复压紧跟初压后进行，不得随意停顿，碾压长度宜控制在6080m内。终压紧跟复压后进行，且不少于2遍，至无明显轮迹为止。在当天成型的沥青混凝土路面上不得停放各种机械设备或车辆，不得散落矿料、油料等杂物。压路机压不到的地方，采用振动夯板或热的手锤把沥青混凝土充分夯实，已经压实过的路面不得修补表皮。5.3.5基床表层沥青混凝土接缝沥青混凝土接缝必须紧密、平顺，不得产生明显的接缝离析。上下层纵缝应错开15cm(热接缝)或3040mm(冷接缝)。相邻两幅及上下层的横向接缝应错开1m以上。横向接缝可采用斜接缝、阶梯形接缝或平接缝形式。6.劳动组织6.1劳动力组织形式：采用架子队组织模式。6.

29、2施工人员应结合试验段确定的施工方案、机械、人员组合、工期要求进行合理配置。每个作业工地人员配备表负责人1人技术主管1人专兼职安全员1人工班长35人技术、质量、测量及试验人员46人机械工、普工3050人其中负责人、工班长、技术人员、专兼职安全员必须由施工企业正式这工担任，并可根据工程情况适当配备若干劳务工人。7.材料要求基层表层防水层沥青混凝土原材料各项指标符合设计要求，及客运专线铁路有关沥青混凝土的材料要求。8.设备机具配置主要施工机械设备配置表名称数量沥青混凝土拌合设备12台自卸汽车23台钢筒式压路机12台振动压路机12台轮胎式压路机12台沥青混凝土摊铺机12台9.质量控制及验收9.1质量

30、控制9.1.1施工前应做好沥青混凝土用原材料的备料工作，原材料各项指标应符合规范和设计的要求。9.1.2站线及作业面较宽部位采用摊铺机摊铺，区间沥青混凝土防水层采用人工配合小型机具摊铺，或特制设备摊铺。9.1.3基床表层沥青混凝土各种原材料品种、各项技术质量指标符合设计要求。当材料有变化时，要及时调整配合比。9.1.4摊铺机的摊铺速度应与拌和速度匹配，严格按照试验段，确定的摊铺、碾压工序施工。9.1.5基床表层沥青混凝土施工必须有详细的作业指导书或技术交底，保证合理的施工工期。不得在气温低于10、雨天、路面潮湿的情况下施工。9.1.6拌合场内不同规格的矿物料应分别堆放，细集料堆放应有防止雨淋措

31、施。9.1.7基床表层沥青混凝土施工采用人工配合小型机具摊铺时应特别注意对混合料温度的控制，它是保证压实度的关键，因此要注意对施工工序的合理安排，并尽可能安排在气温较高时施工。 9.2质量检验9.2.1认真按照要求的质量检测项目、频率进行检验和控制。9.2.2准确控制施工配合比，通过每天检测数据分析及时调整配合比。9.2.3主控项目基床表层沥青混凝土原材料品种、各项技术质量指标应符合设计要求。检验方法：拌和厂取样，按客运专线铁路有关沥青混凝土技术条件的要求进行检验。基床表层沥青混凝土的沥青含量、矿料级配和马歇尔技术指标应符合设计要求。检验方法：拌和厂取样，按客运专线铁路有关沥青混凝土技术条件的

32、要求进行检验。基床表层沥青混凝土的压实质量应符合设计要求。检验方法：按客运专线铁路有关沥青混凝土技术条件的要求进行检验。9.2.4基床表层沥青混凝土厚度允许偏差、检验数量及检验方法应符合下表的规定基床表层沥青混凝土厚度允许偏差、检验数量及检验方法 序号项 目允 许 偏 差检验数量检验方法7沥青混凝土厚度不小于设计值沿线路纵向每100m抽样检验3点水准仪测量10.安全及环保要求10.1 安全要求10.1.1施工区域应设警示标志，严禁非工作人员出入；10.1.2施工中应对机械设备进行定期检查、养护、维修；10.1.3为保证施工安全，现场应有专人统一指挥，并设一名专职安全员负责现场的安全工作，坚持班

33、前进行安全教育制度。10.1.4防水层施工中，现场设专人指挥、调度，确定合适的机械车辆走行路线，并设立明显标志，防止相互干扰碰撞，机械作业要留有安全距离。制订作业程序和运行路线，确保协调施工，安全生产。沥青混凝土拌和站应远离居民区并符合当地环保要求。沥青场地严禁烟火，并备有防火设施和警示牌。施工时注意与无碴轨道支撑层道床的侧面及电缆槽内侧的衔接，防止雨水下渗。10.2 环保措施10.2.1沥青混凝土施工中，容易造成对环境的污染。是防水层施工中应注意的首要问题。为了保护自然环境，在沥青混凝土防水层过程中，减少甚至沥青混凝土施工对周围环境的污染，需从两个方面着手，一是思想上高度重视，管理上加强监督

34、；二是在技术上严格把关。防水层施工中，需要各级负责人思想上高度重视对环境的保护，加大在环境保护方面的投资力度，能把各项环保措施落实到位。技术上，应对沥青混凝土在运输、储存、拌和、浇注等各环节制定相应环境保护措施。制定的原则是尽量避免沥青混凝土与外界的直接接触。另外，与沥青混凝土接触的工作人员，需穿戴防护工作服。生产中的废弃物及时处理，按时专门用车运到当地环保部门指定的地点弃置。试验及生活中产生的污水及废水，应集中处理，符合环保部门规定要求。10.2.2雨、雪施工防护措施施工前，应与地方气象部门联系，掌握当地的气候变化情况，避免雨天施工，并在雨、雪天气做好防护措施。因水对沥青混凝土施工过程中工程

35、性质影响较大，所以必须做好雨、雪天施工防护措施。施工前在路基（路堑）边坡范围外挖临时排水沟使雨水能及时排走，施工过程中，应保持排水临时排水系统的完善和畅通，同时应备适量的隔水膜（布），能满足雨、雪天气时，对受雨水影响大的部位的面覆盖，使雨停后能立即恢复生产，把雨雪天气对施工的影响降到最低程度Added. Finally, foreign investment risk, there are also opportunities. Financial crisis caused the stock and corporate bond prices plummeted, early Chines

36、e banks foreign exchange assets in the foreign exchange reserves investment and losses, but at present the international prices of many financial assets in a low, to promote foreign mergers and acquisitions in China and promoting enterprise going out diversified cooperation, actively explore oversea

37、s resources and markets and opportunities. Meanwhile, in response to the adverse impact of world economic crisis on China, the State Council announced 10 measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth over the next two years the implementation of these measures will take about 4 trillion yuan

38、 central budget support. The 4 trillion yuan investment has an inkling, transportation, forestry, water conservancy, peoples livelihood, environmental protection and other areas will be skewed. Increased investment will play a significant role in promoting Chinas economic growth, at the same time, t

39、here should be other pro-growth measures rolled out. A series of positive measures by the State and function of 4 trillion the Central Treasury, our economy will be sustained, stable and rapid development gradually. Section II market analysis of technical feasibility of biomass fuel shaping technolo

40、gy and equipment is the core of industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. Biomass briquetting technology refers to a certain temperature and under pressure, will be scattered and various shapes of biomass raw materials into high density, with a variety of fuels technology. Biomass briquetting equ

41、ipment including screw-extrusion molding machines, mechanical piston stamping forming machine, ring die-roll and hydraulic piston stamping molding machines. Mechanical piston forming and hydraulic piston forming machine total up production efficiency low energy high, former of productivity low, actu

42、al productivity in 100-200 kg, main work parts life low not for industrialization production; which main work parts life long, but highest production capacity lower energy high; from technology index view, ring die roll pressure type forming machine production rate highest, energy low, products cost

43、 low, while technology content also high, for Yu scale production promotion. Since in the 1980 of the 20th century, Chinas bio-technology research and development have made great progress, national research and production equipment of enterprises or research institutes has dozens of homes. Chinas in

44、dustrialization of biomass briquette fuel prototype is formed, however, to be mature and realize industrialization, you first need to overcome some constraints, some technical obstacles. Includes the main working parts of the short working life, poor ability to coordinate equipment systems, running

45、unstable, and so on. Also, due to the lack of effective industrial practices, solid biomass industry is still in its infancy in China. Biomass fuel shaping technology, stable performance and low power consumption of the device is the core of industrialization of biomass fuel, good industry and the G

46、overnments support and the necessary funding is a prerequisite for industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. To compress biomass briquette processing cost, you will need to yield power, vulnerable performance and low cost, labor cost, control three aspects. Meanwhile, burning of biomass is also on the industrys core technology, generally, because of biomass fuels to replace coal, can be used, in fact, due to biomass- 11 -