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1、数字图书馆新技术展望,林 夏2006年8月,新技术还是新观念？,从1.0 到 2.0技术更新了观念的变化更大。从DSPACE 到。我们刚开始使用DSPACE，但DSPACE的下一代产品已经出来了。它给我们的启示是什么？,Seeking a Paradigm Shift,On digital collectionsFrom documents to documents with dataFrom repositories to learning communities From digital libraries to cyber-infrastructure On digital organi
2、zationsFrom a standard-driven metadata to a community-based,user-driven social classification.From a structured,regulated information space to a dynamic,self-organizing space From tagging to semantic digital libraries,Trend 1:From document collections to document“data collections”,TextHighWire Press
3、BioMed Central eScholarship RepositoryNon-TextNASA Image ExchangeOpen Video Data Science CODATA（Committee on Data for Science and Technology）Social Science ICPSR(The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research),Trend 2:From repositories to learning communities,Learning Object Repos
4、itoriesLearning Object Standard SCORE Sharable Content Online Resources for EducationSCORM Sharable Content Object Reference ModelLearning CommunitiesIMS Global Leaning ConsortiumLearning System-CORDRA,Trend 3:From Digital Libraries to Cyber-infrastructure,Creations of a technological foundation for
5、 significant discovery,synthesis,and dissemination brought about by the Information Revolution.Establishment a culture of modern research in all the areas:sciences,engineering,and social sciences,and humanities.Integration of technology,content,and practice.,新一代的数字图书馆,必须建立在新的观念上Understand the nature
6、 and characteristics of digital informationDigital libraries are established on the networked information environmentStudy emergent behaviors of links or relationships among information entitiesOrganize information not only by concepts but also by links or connections.Put people and community first
7、Users are digital libraries contributors.Users collaborate through digital libraries,一门新的学科,Digital Information Organization(DIO)建立在三个学科的基础上The Science of Networks How everything is connected to everything else and we can still make sense of it.What are the characteristics of the information space?L
8、ibrary and Information ScienceHow information is defined and represented How information seeking activities can be defined in a cognitive framework Cognitive ScienceWhat is know about the mind and how it processes informationWhat do people do with information?,Selected Readings,Network ScienceBaraba
9、si,A.(2003).Linked:The New Science of Networks.Watts,D.(2003).Six degrees:The science of a connected age.LISIngwersen,P.;&Jevelin,K.(2005).The Turn:Integration of information seeking and retrieval in contextSvenonius,E.(2000).The intellectual foundation of information organization.Cognitive ScienceL
10、akoff,G.,&,.(1990).Woman,fire,and dangerous things:what categories reveal about the mind.Lamberts,K.,&Shanks,D.(Eds.).(1997).Knowledge,concepts,and categories,Networked information environment?,The New Science of Networks,The study of complexity of connectivity.The study of emergent behaviors of phy
11、sical,biological,and social networks.Some essential findingsPower law distribution Small Worlds Six Degree of Separation Hubs and Connectors Scale-free networks The 80/20 rule Rich Get richer Hierarchies and communities,The Fundamental Question,The information problem today is moving from the lack o
12、f information to information overload.What are the characteristics of such a shift?What changes will the shift bring to the information environment?How do we adapt to such a shift?We need new knowledge representation methods in todays networked information environment.,My exploration:Dynamic Knowled
13、ge Representation,Digital Information Organization needs to be:DynamicsNetworkedUser-initiated Community-based Self-organized,Comparison of DIO with Thesaurus,Tagging,Tagging is very popular this yearIts a kind of social bookmarkingIts a kind of social classification Its a new information organizing
14、 methodUser-initiated Connection-basedCommunity-basedIt has a lot of features of(future)DIOIts not there yet.Whats missing?What can be improved?,Problems of Tagging,Users are free to use any words or terms as tags.Users are free to assign different meanings to the tags they use.Tags are not semantic
15、ally connected.No semantic structure?We need to bring semantics back to the tags!,Semantic Digital Libraries,Enhance current digital libraries throughintegrate information based on different metadatainterfaceontology languagesontology-based search/facet searchcommunity-enabled browsingEnforce the tr
16、ansition from a static information space to a dynamic(collaborative)knowledge space.,Simile,Semantic Interoperability of metadata and information in unLike Environments“Leverage and extend DSpace,enhancing its support for arbitrary schemas and metadata,primarily though the application of RDF and Sem
17、antic Web technology.“W3C,HP,MIT 正在合作开发一系列新系统加强DSPACE的原数据的功能将 Semantic Web Technologies 应用于数字图书馆,SIMILE,Tools for Metadata ManagersGadget-XML inspectorRDFizers-Batch tools to transform existing XML data into RDFSolvent-Firefox extension for Javascript screen scrapingWelkin-Graphical tool to inspect/
18、edit RDF graphTools for End-UsersLongwell-Web-based RDF faceted metadata browserPiggy Bank-Firefox extension for personal information management of metadata in RDFSemantic Bank-Web-based server that allows data publishing and sharing by individuals,groups,or communities,BRICKS,Building Resources for
19、 Integrated Cultural Knowledge Services Advanced open source software solutions for the sharing and the exploitation of digital cultural resources.Access to distributed available information resources,BRICKS,Content Managementstore content internally or reference content stored anywhere elseimplemen
20、tation based on Java Content Repository(JCR)/JackrabbitMetadata Managementsupport for various metadata schemas defined in OWL-DLbibliographic records in RDF;query on records in SPARQLimplementation based on Jena Semantic Web FrameworkCollection Managementorganize content items in hierarchical struct
21、ures(or folders)Annotation Managementcollaborative aspect of BRICKSannotate images or image parts with text or links to other items,JeromeDL,Digital library build on semantic web technologies to answer requirements from:librarians,scientists and everyone.A social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and usability,Conclusions,新的观念正在推动新技术的发展数字图书馆的内涵还在扩展。数字图书馆与数字图书馆的使用必须同步发展。用户应当参与数字图书馆内容与组织的建设。From Tagging to Semantic Digital Libraries 数字化信息的组织建设正在酝酿着一场新的革新。,
