《科研方法.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《科研方法.ppt（20页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Presentation,-XXX,The Conflict Between Puritanism and Humanism in The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne,论霍桑的红字中清教主义与人文主义的冲突,Outline of this presentation,Content of the Paper,As a cultural heritage,Puritanism exerts a lasting influence over the thought and literature of America.Nathaniel Hawthorne was an i
2、mportant Romantic novelist of America in 19th century.Being born in a religious family,Hawthorne as well as his works are filled with ideas of Puritanism.On the other hand,we can also find some evidence of Humanism in his works.Actually,many characters in The Scarlet Letter are conveyer of the contr
3、adiction of Puritanism and Humanism.,Introduction,Puritanism:Puritanism refers to the movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part of the 16th century that sought to purify,or reform,that church and establish a middle course between Roman Catholicism and the ideas of the Protesta
4、nt reformers.Humanism:Humanism is the spirit of learning that developed at the end of the middle ages with the revival of classical letters and a renewed confidence in the ability of human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood.,Two terms,Purpose:According to the analysis of the main
5、 characters and comparison between Puritanism and Humanism,as well as other aspects,personality and the society for instance,this paper is to give evidence that The Scarlet Letter is not just one-sided result of Puritanism or Humanism but a rather complex conflict or contradiction between these two
6、beliefs.,Literature Review,Because of the considerable influence of The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne,many researches have been done in all aspects,such as Puritanism embodied in this work,or rather conveyed by some specific characters.Some of those researches also noticed Humanism bounded in this inf
7、luential work through the character Pearl.,Here are some examples:,Analysis of the Sin in The Scarlet Letter，Wu Haiping,Shaanxi The present paper tries to analyze the sins in Nathaniel Hawthorne work The Scarlet Letter the sins of Hester,the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale,and Roger Chillingworth.Through
8、 a close study of the characters in The Scarlet Letter,we draw closer to understand the theme of sin.This work focused on sins of the main characters.Actually,the author just focused on the side-effects of Puritanism.,红字的清教主义传统透视,孙筱珍,山东师大外国语学院 描写了清教主义盛行的新英格兰所发生的犯罪、情欲、悔过和社会镇压,表现了清教主义传统在人们思想上和生活上的烙印、对
9、人的精神上的摧残、对人性和人权的压抑。This work emphasized the repression and wreckage that Puritanism brought about.,The Tragic Love of The Scarlet Letter,Hou Weizheng,Jiangsu It exposed gloomy and despicable repulsion of human nature and at the same time extolled glorious soul by portraying the dark reality under Pu
10、ritanism in the 17th century.It exposed bourgeoisie Puritans hypocrisy,selfishness and fraudulence.This thesis focus on the influence that Puritanism exerted on love between Hester and Dimmesdale.,Symbols of Pearl in The Scarlet letter,Li Aiqing,Jiaozuo Institute of Education This article evaluates
11、The Scarlet Letter with the help of analyzing the symbolic meanings of Pearl.From the interpretation of the symbols of Pearl,it has been proved that Pearl becomes Hawthornes best vehicle to convey his attitudes toward Humanism.Different from the former 3 papers I listed,this thesis paid attention to
12、 another side of The Scarlet letter,Humanism.,Many previous researched results on this work are concentrated on different aspects of the influence of the two beliefs,such as religion,sin,adultery,the spirit of revolt,etc.Besides,some works have analyzed relationships between those characters and one
13、 of the two beliefs to some extent.But none of them paid attention to that actually The Scarlet Letter is not just one-sided result of Puritanism or Humanism,but a complex conflict,or rather compound,between this two beliefs that expressed by the main characters in it.,My view,Methodology,In my pape
14、r,3 main methods have been applied,i.e.,Comparative Method,Qualitative Method,Analytical Method.For example,The analysis of Puritanism and Humanism and comparison between them is based on the comparative method.Because Puritanism brought people repression,spiritual wreckage,while Humanism gave hope
15、and the spirit of revolt against darkness.These two beliefs sometimes mingled together in the mind of the main characters.,Besides,I applied qualitative method whenit comes to our understanding of the beliefs of Puritanism and Humanism,which is also the basis of my paper.Because sometimes the defini
16、tion of these two beliefs are distinguished by different situations,especially when it comes to religion and love.Finally,there is also a very important method,analytical method,that I used in my paper.Especially when analyzing the conflict between Hesters personality and the society,previous husban
17、d and her real love,as well as those two beliefs.,Conclusion,Hawthornes attitude toward Puritanism is rather complex as a result of complicated situation of Puritanismitself.On one hand,the cruel rejection and prosecution toward Puritans and the oppression and restraint of Puritan doctrine filled Ha
18、wthornes mind with suspicion and bewilderment.He resists this tradition and condemns the craze and hypocrisy of those creeds.However,on the other hand,he is also confined to this tradition,and understands the society with an outlook toward good and evil of Puritanism.Reflected in Hawthornes work,thi
19、s complication shall be an extreme form of religious thought.That is because there is Humanism mingled in his works except for Puritanism.,Erikson,Roger.The history of Puritanism in the New England.Peking University Press1996H.Lawrence.Studies in Classical American Literature M.London:Cambridge University Press,2003巴赫金。拉伯雷研究M。石家庄：河北教育出版，1989.黄凌。霍桑的红字与圣经M。长春：时代文艺出版社，2006.霍桑.红字M.北京:人民文学出版社,2003.加德纳。宗教与文学M/沈弘，江先春，译。成都：四川人民出版，1989.李秀艳.红字的一种解读J.延边大学学报：社会科学版,2001，(1).纳撒尼尔霍桑。红字M/余世雄，译。北京：中国书籍出版社，2006,Works cited,Thank you,
