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1、HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。,组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。,1、主语(subject),主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。,2、谓语(predicate),谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：,1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。,Westudyforthepeople.我们为人民学习。,2)复合谓语：情态动词不定式,IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我可以说一点英语。,3、表语(predicative)表语是谓
2、语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。,Mysisterisanurse.我姐姐是护士。,4、宾语,宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。,WelikeEnglish.我们喜欢英语。,有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。,Hegavemesomeink.他给了我一点墨水,5、定语(attribute)在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词
3、，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。,Heisanewstudent.他是个新生。,但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。,Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。,6、状语(adverbial),修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。,HelivesinLondon.他住在伦敦。,状语可以说明时间，地点，行为方式，程度，目的，结果，原因,7补语（complement）,有些及物动词的宾语
4、后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：,Wemakehimourmonitor.我们选他当班长。,Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.,主谓双宾,Theyfoundthebig housedeserted.他们发现那房子无人居住,主谓定宾补,They did everything they could to save the workers life.,主谓宾定状,Practice:判断下列句子含有哪些成分:Iwanttohaveacupoftea.,主谓宾,主语 不及物动词（S+Vi）主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O)主语 系
5、动词 表(S+LV+predicative)主语及物动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成份。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成份，至多4个。,主语 不及物动词She came/My head aches.主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English.主语 系动词 表语She is happy主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语She gave Jo
6、hn a bookShe bought a book for me.主语 动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There+beThere lies a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句
7、子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句,复合句,句子的分类按句子的结构可分三种：,判断句子类型,1.You help him and he helps you.2.Tom and Mike are American boys.3.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.4.He often reads English in the morning.5.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.6.The foreign visitors took a lot of p
8、ictures when they were at the Great Wall.,Who/that,Which/that,Whom/who/that,Which/that,whose,Whose/of which,e.g.I prefer shoes that/which_ cool.I have a friend who/that_ sports.,1.当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以省略。2.Who/that/which 在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致,考点一：that和which,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which1.先行词为不定代词everyt
9、hing，little，much，all，anything，nothing,etc.e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.,3.先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.We talked
10、about the things and persons that we saw then.5.在定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用thate.g.Who is the man that is crying?,Attributive clause1.A good friend is someone _makes me happy.2.You have to survive without friends and all the things_you use in your everyday life.3.Chuck is a businessman _is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.4.He is a successful manager in a company _sends mail all over the world.5.Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend-a volleyball_he called Wilson.,who/that,(that),who/that,that/which,(that/which),
