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1、Sentence Translation,Subject Selecting,Teaching plan for Sentence Translation,1.selecting a subject2.selecting a predict and the agreement between subject and predict3.Adjusting word order4.Translation of negative sentences5.Realizing functional equivalence,Outline for this class,Subject-prominent v
2、s Topic-prominent以原句主语作为译文主语重新确定主语增补主语,Hypotaxis vs Parataxis,Hypotaxis 形合:The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives;Parataxis 意合:The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them;,1.Subject Verb 2.
3、Subject Link.V Predicate3.Subject Verb Object 4.Subject Verb Indirect objectDirect object 5.Subject Verb ObjectComplement,Subject-prominent vs Topic-prominent,In an English sentence,prominence is usually given to the subject.There are five basic sentence patterns in English:SV,SVC,SVO,SVO1O2,SVOC,al
4、l with SV as its essentials.We can venture to say that an English sentence is built on the subject-predict-pivot,with the subject and predicate in agreement.On the other hand,a Chinese sentence often lays emphasis on the thought or notion,so it is based on the thought pivot.,以原句主语作为译文主语,清风拂过树梢A soft
5、 wind kissed the treetops.如镜的水面吸引我们下水游泳The calm water invited us to swim.,他确乎有点像棵树，坚壮、沉默、而又有生气。He was indeed rather like a tree,sturdy,silent yet full of life.,马达就是发动不起来The motor couldnt be started.The motor refused to start.如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排除的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaust from boilers and vehicles,unless pr
6、operly treated,causes air pollution in cities.,然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth.,话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必分。周末七国分争，并入于秦。Domains under heaven,after a long period of division,tends to unite;after a long period of union,tends to divide.This has bee
7、n so since antiquity.When the rule of the Zhou Dynasty weakened,seven contending kingdoms sprang up*,warring one with another until the kingdom of Qin prevailed and possessed the empire*.,重新确定主语,历史上，英国国王一直把伦敦塔当作囚禁自己私敌和政敌的监狱。London Tower in history has always served as a prison of the English kings p
8、ersonal and political enemies.,于是，暮色中匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影，雨里，雾里，雪里，只盼着早些回家Thus the gathering dark often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd.Whether it rains or snows,windy or foggy,it is the longing to be home that quickens my stepsFind:a time or event finds sb or sth in a particular situation or
9、 doing a particular thing,世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.At the turn of the century,China is very active in its diplomatic activities.,一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。Chinas first atomic blast in October,1964 was a great shock to the rest of the worl
10、d.In October,1964,China blasted its first automatic bomb,which shocked the rest of the world greatly.October 1964 witnessed Chinas first atomic blast which shocked the rest of the world greatly.,母亲一把大剪刀，仿佛裁掉了我童年的忧伤，给我剪出一个原来如此瑰丽的世界。Mother had a big pair of scissors,with which she seemed to cut off th
11、e sorrows of my childhood and cut out for me such a surprising beautiful world.,增补主语,只有冷静才能成功Success depends on calm minds通过在广州的见闻以及随后在各地的访问，我们的忧虑已化为喜悦。The news that greeted us in Guangzhou and our visit later to various places turned anxiety to joy.,不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。不要摆官架子。钻进去，几个月，一年两年，三年五年，总可以学会的。We mu
12、st not pretend to know when we do not know.We must not put on bureaucratic airs.If we dig into a subject for several months,for a year or two,for three or five years,we shall eventually master itPut on bureaucratic airs:act like the master of,空旷的山野上，当起了她甜甜的笑声。In the wilderness,her sweet sounds of la
13、ughter rose and fell like waves.,农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产力低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farmers place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.,Exercise:,下列译文中主语的处理有什么特点？好在哪里？为什么？1.空旷的山野上，荡起了她甜甜的笑声。In the wilder
14、ness,her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves.,2.那肥大的荷叶下面，有一个人的脸，下半截身子长在水里，那不是水生吗？又往左右看去，不久，各人就找到了各人丈夫的脸。啊，原来是他们。Not far away under a broad lotus leaf they saw a mans head the rest of him was submerged.It was Shuisheng.Looking right and left,each soon discovered her husband-so this was
15、where they were!,3.英勇战斗于前，又放弃土地于后不是自相矛盾吗？这些英勇战斗者的血，不是白流了吗？Is it not self-contradictory to fight heroically first and then abandon territory?Will not our heroic fighters have shed their blood in vain?,4连叫几遍，只见那柳荫里面。咿咿哑哑的，撑出一只船来。After a number of these shouts a rowing boat came creaking from under the
16、 willows and was soon near their bank.,二、比较下列译文。译文a与b哪一种较好？为什么？1中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。a.The ship of Chinas socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.b.China will stride forward in building socialism,like a ship braving the wind a
17、nd the waves,towards the glorious destination of modernization.,2我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成兄弟。a.The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.b.Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.,3.他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很
18、快就赢得了大家的信任。a.His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust.b.He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone,so he won their trust.,4.中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。a.A strong,prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.b.The strengt
19、h,prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries,5.轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。a.The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve.b.Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs a
20、nd quality and richer variety.,6.早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然地跟着旋转。a.When I got up in the morning,I found several beams of sunlight penetrating through the window into my house.The sun has its feet,moving slowly and quietly and I followed its steps.b.When I got up in the morning,two a
21、nd three beams of sunlight penetrated into my house.The sun has its feet,moving slowly and quietly and I followed to swirl unconsciously.,作业,1.我们宣传大会的路线，就是要使全党和全国人民建立起一个信心，即革命一定要胜利。2.人总是要死的，但死的意义有不同。中国古时候有个文学家叫做司马迁的说过：“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛。”为人民利益而死，就比泰山还重；替法西斯卖力，替剥削人民和压迫人民的人去死，就比鸿毛还轻。,3.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国
22、大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。4、自然科学的皇后是数学。数学的皇冠是数论。哥德巴赫猜想则是皇冠上的明珠。,1.Our aim in propagating the line of the congress is to build up the confidence of the whole party and entire people in the certain triumph of the revolution.,2.All men must die,but death can vary in its significance.The ancient
23、Chinese writer Szuma Chien said,“Though death befalls all men alike,it may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather.”To die for the people is heavier than Mount Tai,but to work for the fascists and die for the exploiters and oppressors is lighter than a feather.,Befall,befell,befallen及物动词
24、 vt.发生 We shall never leave you,whatever befalls.不论发生什么事情,我们永远不会离开你。Evil befell him.灾祸落到他身上。,alike形容词 adj.1.同样的,相像的 The two office buildings are somewhat alike in appearance.2.The twins are so alike that I cant tell which is which.副词 adv.1.同样地 She treats all her students alike.2.The boss treats ever
25、yone alike.,3.Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.The Chinese educational,scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university.,4.The empress of natural science is mathematics.The crown of mathematics is number theory.And Goldbachs conjecture is the most precious jewel on the crown.,
