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1、一、句子的结构,主语：句子中发出动作的部分，由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等担当。谓语：句子中主语发出的动作，由动词担当宾语：接受动作的部分。由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等担当。及物动词后面。表语：在be后的部分。定语：修饰名词的部分,“.的”状语：修饰动词的部分。说明谓语时间的叫时间状 语，说明谓语地点的叫地点状语等等。补语：补充说明谓语动作的结果,I will study(the interesting)subjects today.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,状语,Weihua is an exchange student.,系动词,表语,In the campus he found the
2、 building（in school）beautiful now.,主语,谓语,宾语,补语,时间状语,地点状语,定语,定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.The students(who dont study hard)will not pass 先行词 定语从句the exam.主句:,The students will not pass the exam.,2.The woman(whom you saw in the park)is our 先行词 定语从句English teacher.主句:,The woman
3、 is our English teacher.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,3.A shoe shop is a shop(which sells shoes).主句：,A shoe shop is a shop.,从句的主语:,which,4.The book(that you want)is on the desk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：,The book is on the desk.,you,that,引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man(
4、that/who told us a funny story)is in the next room.,主语,I lost the book(that/which)you gave me).,宾语,定语从句：要着重把握“什么样的一个东西”,前面那个“什么样的”部分就是定语。如果一个句子由一个关系词引导整体充当定语，则称为定语从句。如：The book which is on the desk is mine.桌子上的书是我的。其中，定从关系词分为关系代词（which,that,who,whom,whose)和关系副词(when,where,why),要明确，关系副词只有三个，在从句中不能充当主
5、语或宾语；而关系代词在从句中要指代前面先行词，充当主语、宾语或表语。,解题关键在于把握准从句的成分，因为关系词可能在从句中要充当成分。所以，如果从句本身不缺主系表或主谓宾，则用关系副词（when;where;why）；如果缺了，则用相应关系代词去充当顶替，这点是解定语从句的关键，如：This is the reason _ he gave for his absence yesterday.This is the reason _ he didnt turn up at the party held last night.所以，不要看见地点就选where,或看见时间就选when,看见原因就选w
6、hy,应把握分析关键，是从句缺什么补充什么！,why,which,定语从句要想突破，还必须注意以下几点：1.要会判断哪里是定语，会分析定从成分（前提是主句成分要完整）；2.写定从，得分两步走，先说主干，谁做了什么或谁是什么；其次再写“的”那部分，如：正在打网球的那个人是我的老师。此句主要意思是那个人是谁；然后再写“的一个人”：The man is my teacher;The man who is playing tennis is my teacher.The man playing tennis is my teacher.3.特别注意：定从关系词在从句中充当宾语往往省略掉，所以千万不要在
7、从句中在加it；him之类的所谓宾语，如：The book _ is unavailable(买不到)at present.A.which I need it B.I need C.I need it,4.as 也可以引导定从，它与which的区别是：as 引导定从可以放在句首，as 指代后面句子，如：As we can see,he is the most hard-working student in our class.这种用法中,as 一般可翻译为“正如”：As we know,the earth moves around the sun.而which则只能放在逗号后面，引导非限制性定
8、从，指代前面整句话的内容，如：He didnt pass the exam,which made his parents very angry.这种用法中，which一般可翻译为“这；这一点”,以下情况只能用that1 先行词既有指人又有指物2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有theonly,the very 等修饰时3 先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词4 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素
9、A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you
10、found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose互换，即：whose sth.=sth.of which）；。1)There are 100 tea
11、chers in our school,_60 are women teachers.2)He has three children,two _ work asteachers.3)That table has four legs,all _ arevery short.4)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.,Im painting a house whose roof is.,5)They live in a house,_ windows facesouth.,They live in a house,the windows_ face sout
12、h.,of whom,of whom,of which,of which,whose,of which,.翻译以下句子:(注意先找先行词)1)那个正在打网球的女孩是我的朋友。2)这就是我藏钥匙的地方。3)她仍然记得她发现她的车被偷的时候.,This is the place where I hid the key.,She still remember the time when she found her car was stolen.,The girl who is playing tennis is my friend.,This is the place where he killed
13、 himself.,The man who is smoking is her husband.,4).他们就是那些家里失火的人。5).那个正在吸烟的人她的老公。6).这就是他自杀的地方。,They are the people whose houses caught fire.,下列情况下,只用that,不用which引导定语从句。1）先行词是不定代词,如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,no one,some 等。Is there anything that you want?,2）先行词被all,every,no,s
14、ome,little,few,much,one of,the only,the very,the right,等所修饰时。The only thing that he remembered was her name.他唯一记得的东西是她的名字。,3）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级 修饰时。This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here.这是我来到这里以来看的第一部电影剧院。,4）先行词中既有人又有物时。They talked about the teachers and the things（that）they remembered in the school.他们谈论了他们所记得的学校里的老师和一些事情。,5）在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。Who is the man that is shouting there?正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？She is not the girl that she used to be.她已经不是过去的她了。,
