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1、The Attributive Clause,Lets study it together.,定 语 从 句相关概念,复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子,它包含一句子的主要主语和动词。从句是一个从属的句子,它必须和一个主句连用。,1.定语从句的定 义：,在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。The girl who is standing there is Mary.,.,2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词。,3.关系词:引导定语从句的词。,关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词:when,where,why,4.定从的分类：,限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句
2、,The number of people reached as many as 250,000.They lost homes in the earthquake.,The number of people who lost homes in the earthquake reached as many as 250,000.,定语从句,先行词,The boy was Johns brother.We saw him yesterday.,The boy whom we saw yesterday was Johns brother.,定语从句,先行词,that和which,考 点 一,在限
3、定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice.,但在下列情况中，只能用 that，不用 which：当先行词是 all,a lot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing 等词时。如：All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little/much that was different from ours.当先行词被 all,any,n
4、o,much,little,few,every 等限定词所修饰时。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.,当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou,the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：Is that the best tha
5、t you can do?Thats the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.,当先行词被 the very,the only,the next,the last等所修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to find.当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performanc
6、es that they saw at the Childrens Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.,当主句是以 which,who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?Who is the girl that is talking to our teacher?.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。He built
7、 up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.,1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily
8、about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom,5.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that,6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it,7.Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?A.that B.which
9、 C.where D.it,考 点 二,连接词who的用法,who 的用法,who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。,The girl who is in red is Mary.She is the girl who/whom I met that day.The doctor to whom she sent her friend is very famous.,注意：以下情况，用who不用that,a.先行词为one(s),he,they,anyone,those时e.g.Those who want
10、to see the film put up your hands.b.先行词有较长定语时用who e.g.I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who e.g.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.d.在there be 开头的句中用who,考 点 三,连接词whose的用法,who
11、se 的用法,1。是代词的所有格（的），其先行词不仅可 以指人，还可以指物。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the bag whose cover is red,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.,2。whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+of which=of which+the+n.,He lives in the room whos
12、e window faces south.,=He lives in the room,the window of which faces south.,=He lives in the room,of which the window faces south.,考 点 四,介词关系代词,“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 2.He pa
13、id the boy$10 for washing the windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which,D,D,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which
14、Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.,关系代词前介词的确定,4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,关系代词前的介词的确定,5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens
15、to the south.,They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.,1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.3.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?4.Did you find the comp
16、osition _ I wrote just now?,with whom,in which,with which,which,Can you work them out?,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which
17、she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?,for,about,on,without,1.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.,A、all of them B、either of themC、all of which D、both of that,C,2.I bought some books from the bookstore,five _were English n
18、ovels.,A.of which B.whichC.that D.in which,A,考 点 五,As与which的用法,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.2.当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.,Go on Please!,3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.S
19、he has married again,as was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.,Go on please!,4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.,1._ was natural,he married
20、Jenny.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters.A.as,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately.A.that B.as C.which D.who,4.She is very good at dance,_ everybody knows.A.that B.which C.who D.as5._ has been sai
21、d above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As6.We do the same work _ they do.A.which B.as C.than D.like,考 点 六,关系代词和关系副词,使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1、关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during)+which;where=in(at,on)+which;why=for which.如：I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrive
22、d.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.,2、当先行词是表时间和表地点的 词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用 which 或 that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where，试比较：Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.Ill never forget the days which/that
23、 we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3、when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而 why 只能引导限制性定语从句。,1.She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、whatC、which D、why,C,2.She wi
24、ll never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.,A,想想看到底填什么,3.Ying De is a city,_ is famous for its black tea.4.Ying De is a city,_there is a Baojing Palace.A.which B.that C.where D.there,A,C,想想看到底填什么,考 点 七,主谓一致的问题,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Dont ch
25、oose me,who _not fit for this job,is,am,3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing,5.I，_ your good friend,
26、will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,考 点 八,疑问句和the one怎么回事,1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?,D,2.Is this the factory _ we visited last Week?,A、where B、thatC、to which D、the one,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,3.How do you like the book?Its quite different from _
27、 I read last month.A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what,C,5.The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、which,B,6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、what,B,解题思路:,判断出先行词题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺
28、主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。,Correct the sentences:,1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,the one,Correct the sen
29、tences:,5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.,in,when,_,who,_,(that/which),Correct the sentences:,9.This is t
30、he last time when Ive given you lessons.10.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11.We heard the news which our team won the game.12.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correct the sentences:,13.Those at the desk want to buy tic
31、kets write down your names.14.That was the reason because she looked old.15.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.,as,who,_,_,_,gives,why,Correct the sentences:,17.It is the one of the best films that
32、 have been shown recently.18.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19.Which is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sky.20.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,Correct the sentences:,21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.22.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.23.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24.The bike by which I travelled was his.,as,_,Whose,_,that,_,on,_,多做点练习思路清楚你一定能学好定语从句,加油,
