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1、第十一章 汉语流水 长句的翻译,1.汉语流水长句的切分,“流水句”是汉语长句中的一种句式，它是指一口气说几件事，中间似断似连，一逗到底，才有一个句号。参与一个事件过程的往往不只一个人，可能有几个甚至多个人，因此有几个主语或话题。,1）请比较红楼梦中一个长句的两个英译版本:这里宝玉悲恸了一会，忽然抬头不见了黛玉，便知黛玉看见他躲开了，/自己也觉得无味，抖抖土起来，下山寻归旧路，往怡红院来。（红楼梦）When Baoyu recovered sufficiently to look up,she had gone,obviously to avoid him.Getting up rather s
2、heepishly,he dusted off his clothes and walked down the hill to make his way back again to Happy Red Court.(杨宪益等译）,译者是如何切分的？切分的根据是什么？,这里宝玉悲恸了一会，忽然抬头不见了黛玉，/便知黛玉看见他躲开了，/自己也觉得无味，抖抖土起来，/下山寻归旧路，往怡红院来。（红楼梦）By the time Baoyus weeping was over,Daiyu was no longer there.He realized that she must have seen hi
3、m and have gone away in order to avoid him.Feeling rather foolish,he rose to his feet and brush the earth from his clothes.Then he descended from the rockery and began to retrace his steps in the direction of Green Delights.(大卫霍克斯译）,译者是如何切分的？切分的根据是什么？,2）叫做福生的那个瘦长男子听得姑太太称赞他，快活得什么似的，一面急口回答，/一面转身又拖了两把椅
4、子来放在姑老爷和姑太太背后，/又是献茶，又是敬烟。（矛盾：子夜）The spindly youth Fusheng babbled in reply,dazzled by Mrs.Dus compliments./He placed a chair behind her and another behind her husband./Then he bustled about serving tea and offering cigarettes round.,2.切分后短句的合并2.1 汉语短句合并的必要性,1)盼望着，盼望着，东风来了，春天的脚步近了。（朱自清春）A.I wonder,an
5、d wonder,the east wind comes.The spring is coming.B.For so long we had been waiting before the east wind finally resumed its course.Now spring is to arrive in no time.小结：译文A按汉语思维习惯译为几个小短句，译文B则对短句加以合并。,2)还是热，心里可镇定多了。/凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。（老舍：骆驼祥子）It was still hot but everyone felt much better,for the b
6、reeze,though slight,brought them hope.,2.2合理处理主句与从属成分的关系,在一组汉语短句中，往往有几个动词，有时还有几个主语，翻译时选择哪一个作为主句的主谓语？,1.车子慢慢的走着，在一个泥洼子里渥住了。老孙头一面骂牲口，一面跳下地来看。（周立波暴风骤雨）The lumbering cart got stuck in the mud.Swearing at his beasts,Old Sun jumped down to take a look.小结：分别变成定语和状语,2.黛玉又忙命倒茶，一面又使眼色与宝玉。宝玉会意，便走了出来。（曹雪芹：红楼梦）D
7、aiyu ordered tea,glancing at Baoyu as she did so.Taking the hint,he went out of the room.小结：变状语,2.3 合理增加衔接手段,1)雨是最寻常的，一下就是三两天。可别恼，看，像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织着，人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。（朱自清春）雨是最寻常的，一下就是三两天。（不过）可别恼，看，（它）像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织着，（以至于）人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。,1）雨是最寻常的，一下就是三两天。可别恼，看，像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织着，人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。（朱自清春）Rai
8、n is nothing unusual now,and often lasts two to three days.Never get annoyed!Look,could it be ox hair,or needles,or thin threads instead?Those thin threads simply weave sideways,so densely that a thin mist pervades over all the house-tops.小结：增加关联词和代词。,2.孔乙己着了慌，伸出五指将碟子罩住，弯腰下去说道，“不多了，我已经不多了。”（鲁迅：孔乙己）G
9、rowing flustered,he would cover the dish with his hand and bending forward from the waist would say,“There arent many left,not many at all.”小结：增加连接词。,2.4 必要时可调整语序或删减原文,如果汉语长句容量很大，可根据英语习惯调整语序，还可适当删减以突出重点。,(1)不觉冬去春来，/(2)久困思动，/(3)今日醒来，阳光照屋，精神为之一振，/(4)扔在屋角的包袱一直未曾打开，(趁天气晴朗)，一把拎了过来，抖出冬天换下的衣裳，/(5)上面尚有点点雨渍雪
10、痕，便将它摊在窗前晒起。（汤显祖：牡丹亭；匡佩华和曹珊译）(1)Before very long,winter passed and spring arrived.(3)One day when Liu Mengmei woke up，he was pleased to find the room full of sunshine.(2)He had lain on the bed for a long time and now found it better to get up and move around.(4)He jumped up and took up the bundle wh
11、ich he had thrown in the corner of the room many days ago.(5)His winter clothes still had stains of rain and snow and he hung them up by the window to dry.,汉语长句翻译,在很久很久以前，葫芦山上出现了一条蛇精和一只蝎子精，他们魔法高强，把周围糟蹋得一片荒芜，乡亲们流离失所，背井离乡。后来，天神大怒，为了拯救百姓，将惊雷闪电化作神葫芦，将两个妖精收了进去，压在葫芦山里。至今已有9999年了，只要满一万年，妖精就会化为灰烬。可是有一天，穿山甲不
12、小心穿破了葫芦山。,scorpion,calabash,lay waste to,furious demon,jail,trap,pangolin,drill a hole through,综合练习,在很久很久以前，葫芦山上出现了一条蛇精和一只蝎子精，他们魔法高强，把周围糟蹋得一片荒芜，乡亲们流离失所，背井离乡。Long long ago,a snake and a scorpion appeared in Mount Calabash.They had strong magic.They laid waste to the nearby countryside and the village
13、rs had to leave their home.Long long ago,a snake and a scorpion with strong magic appeared in Mount Calabash.They laid waste to the nearby countryside and the villagers had to leave their home.Long long ago,a snake and a scorpion with strong magic appeared in Mount Calabash.They laid waste to the ne
14、arby countryside,leaving the villagers homeless.,计算机病毒类似于生物病毒（一种会伤害人体的有机体），是一系列可对计算机内存储的信息造成损害的电子指令。病毒秘密地传染给计算机，让计算机做一些主人不想要它做的事情。病毒virus 有机体organism 电子指令electronic commands传染infect A computer“virus”is similar to a biological virus-an organism that can harm the human body.A computer virus is a serie
15、s of electronic commands that can harm a computer or the information in the computer,by infecting it secretly and telling it to do something its owner does not want it to do.,自动化被认为是现代技术最伟大的成就之一。在今天的工厂里，现在经常可以看到自动控制装置在工作，取得自动调节的效果。自动化是在用编制成程序的指令的指挥下，结合对操作的情况进行自动测定、反馈，以及对决策进行控制，来完成自动操作。Automation is
16、known as one of the greatest achievements of modern technology.Automatic controls are now often seen at work achieving self-regulation in todays factories.Automation is the performance of automatic operations directed by programmed commands combined with automatic measurement of action,feedback,and decision-making control.,自动化Automation自动控制装置Automatic controls自动调节self-regulation编制成程序的指令programmed commands自动测定automatic measurement of action 反馈feedback 对决策进行控制decision-making control.,Thanks!,
