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1、Unit 1 Lexical Translation Lesson 4 Determining meaning:Equivalence vs.Nonequivalence:False Friends 江苏技术师范学院外国语学院罗国青,Company Logo,5.“假朋友”的识别,密码（误）secret code(正)password口水（误）mouth water(正)saliva手机（误）hand phone(正)mobile phone救火（误）to save a fire(正)to fight a fire洗牌（误）to wash the playing cards(正)to shuf
2、fle the playing cards大片（误）big movie(正)blockbuster早恋（误）early love(正)puppy love青春痘（误）youth spot(正)acne蝴蝶结（误）butterfly knot(正)bow长镜头（误）long lens(正)zoom lens,Company Logo,方便面（误）convenient noodles(正)instant noodles牛仔裤（误）cowboy trousers(正)jeans不冻港（误）non-freezing port(正)ice-free port隐形眼镜（误）invisible glasse
3、s(正)contact lenses课堂测验（误）classroom exam(正)pop-quiz流动资金（误）circulating funds（正）working capital拳头产品（误）first product（正）knockout product新闻自由（误）freedom of news（正）freedom of Press买一赠一（误）Buy one,present one（正）Buy one,get one free,Company Logo,酸奶 sour milk绿豆 green bean卧室 living room试穿 to have a fit食言 eat one
4、s words鞋展 boot fair,Company Logo,靴筒 bootleg 番茄酱 tomato sauce向外看 look out 高等学校 high school戴绿帽子 have/wear a green bonnet黄色书籍 yellow book 翻天覆地 to move heaven and earth街上的行人 street people万福大酒店 Wanfu Wine Shop,Company Logo,农民 peasant宣传 propaganda价廉物美 cheap and good,Company Logo,个人主义 individualism唯心主义 ide
5、alism自由主义 liberalism,Company Logo,你红光满面 Your face is very red.他是一个“气管炎”。He suffers from tracheitis.,Company Logo,假花 artificial flower假牙 false tooth假唱 lip-synch假钞 counterfeit money假酒 adulterated wine假新闻 pseudo-event,Company Logo,大雨 heavy rain大风 strong wind大雾 thick fog自我意识 self-consciousness竞争意识 compe
6、titive spirit恶性循环 vicious circle恶性肿瘤 malignant tumor恶性通货膨胀 galloping inflation一次性拖鞋 disposable slippers一次性付款 lump-sum payment,Company Logo,就在这一年，也许是第二年吧，福州有了电灯公司。我们这所大房子里也安上电灯，这在福州也是一件新鲜事，我们这班孩子跟着安装工人们满房子跑，非常兴奋欢喜。That year,or the year later,Fuzhou began to have its own power company and electricity
7、lights were to be installed in our big house too.That was something new in our hometown.We kids,wild with excitement and joy,ran here and there in the house at the heels of the electricians.（冰心祖父和灯火管制，张培基译）,Company Logo,现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。Of the present 1.8
8、 million residents in Vancouver,half are not native,and one in every four is of Asian origin.The 250000 Chinese Canadians,half of whom immigrated here only within in the recent five years,have been playing a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver.,Company Logo,现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地
9、出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。Of the present 1.8 million residents in Vancouver,half are not native,and one in every four is of Asian origin.The 250000 Chinese Canadians,half of whom immigrated here only within in the recent five years,have been playing a decisive role in the economic tr
10、ansformation of Vancouver.,Company Logo,6.词义空缺与翻译策略:音译法,当汉语文化中特有的事物在英语文化中完全空缺时，可采用音译法将这些具有特殊文化内涵的词语“移植”到英语文化中去。,Company Logo,“气功”qigong“功夫”kong fu“太极”tai ji“风水”feng shui“阴阳”yinyang“磕头”kowtow“旗袍”（长衫）cheongsam,Company Logo,“馄饨”wonton“豆腐”tofu“杂碎”chop suey“饺子”jiaozi“荔枝”litchi、“乌龙茶”oolong等等。许多采用音译法翻译的词语已
11、成为英语中的外来词，被西方大众广泛接受。,Company Logo,6.词义空缺与翻译策略:意译法,意译法是翻译具有文化特色的词语时经常使用的翻译策略。意译法舍弃了词语的语言形式和字面意义，着眼于传达词语的文化信息。,Company Logo,“皮蛋”preserved egg“元宵”sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour“粽子”a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves“探花”title conferred on the o
12、ne who won the third place in the highest imperial examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties,Company Logo,“拜堂”perform the marriage ceremony“华表”an ornamental stone column used to decorate important building or public places/ornamental column/cloud pillar“盲流”jobless migrants from rural areas to citie
13、s“拔火罐”cupping等等。意译法的优点在于能很好的传递词语的文化内涵，而不足之处在于语言形式不够简洁，不利于该文化概念在译语为而变化中的广泛传播。,Company Logo,6.词义空缺与翻译策略:直译法,直译法也是填补词义空缺的一种常用方法。它既可以使译文简洁明快，又能保留汉语文化词语的原汁原味。,Company Logo,“易经”Book of Changes“号脉”feel the pulse“京剧”Beijing Opera“龙舟”dragon boat“春节”Spring Festival“春卷”spring roll“八宝菜”eight treasure pickles“纸老
14、虎”paper tiger“北大荒”the Great Northern wilderness“灯影牛肉”Shadow beef,Company Logo,“希望工程”Hope Project“思想改造”ideological remoulding“一国两制”one country,two systems“八宝莲子粥”Eight Treasure Lotus Seed Porridge“文化大革命”Culture Revolution“毛泽东思想”Mao Tse-Tung Thought“四个现代化”four modernizations。应该注意的是这种翻译方法具有很大的局限性，译文读者了解
15、的仅仅是词语的字面意义，很难深入理解这些词汇的文化内涵，在必要的时候，译者可将直译法与加注法结合起来，使词语的文化内涵在翻译中得到更好的传达。,Company Logo,6.词义空缺与翻译策略:加注法,加注法就是通过注释的形式在译文中补充必要的文化背景知识，以弥补汉英文化的差异，帮助译文读者更好的理解这些具有特殊文化色彩的词语。,Company Logo,例如汉英大词典中的“八卦”这一词条，在直译为the Eight Trigrams 之后还加上了适当的注解：eight combinations of three lines all solid,all broken,or a combinat
16、ions of solid and broken lines joined in pairs to form 64 hexagrams,formerly used in divination.加上这一注释之后，“八卦”的文化内涵一清二楚，确保了译文读者对词语的透彻理解。,Company Logo,又如“八股文”这一中国传统文化特有的事物也可用直译加注法译为eight-part essay(a literary composition prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations,known for its rigidity of
17、form and poverty of ideas)。,Company Logo,“满月酒”可译为One-Month-Old Birthday Feast(a special ceremony held after a baby has been one month old).,Company Logo,“龙虎斗”可译为Dragon and Tiger Fight(a traditional dish in Canton cuisine including meat and snake,resembling dragon,and cat or leopard,resembling tiger,
18、well-known for its medical function of reliving rheumatism,promotion blood circulation,repelling ailment,and reinforcing body fluid).,Company Logo,“西岳”可译为the Western Mountain(another name for Mount Huashan in Shaanxi Province)“白军”可译为the White Army(the reactionary bourgeois troops,in China referring
19、to the Kuomintang army during the Second Revolutionary Civil War,1927-1937)“红案”可译为red board(cooking that deals with dishes,both meat and vegetables).,Company Logo,除了与直译法相结合外，加注法还可作为音译法、意译法的补充，为译文读者提供更为详尽的词语文化内涵，促进东西方文化的交流。,Company Logo,例如：“围棋”weiqi(a game played with black and white pieces on a boar
20、d of 361 crosses)“散手”Sanshou(Chinese boxing)“西施”Xishi(a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn period)“碑帖”a rubbing from a stone inscription(usually as a model for calligraphy),Company Logo,“表妹”younger female cousin(the daughter of ones fathers sister or of ones mothers brother or sister),Compa
21、ny Logo,“抓周”the grabbing test on the occasion of a babys first birthday(in which various articles e.g.a book,a writing brush,an inkstone,workmans tools,playthings and eatables,cosmetics and many an unexpected gadget-are assembly and spread out before the baby and the one particular article he picks
22、up is supposed to give a general idea of his feature character and pattern of life,his career and behaviour,his habits and bobbies),Company Logo,“元宵节”the Lantern Festival(the 15th of the 1st lunar month)等等。,Company Logo,除了以括号或注释的形式加注之外，文内加注也可以对词语的文化意义进行补充说明。例如：“下海”，直译为jumping into the sea容易引起误解，可在词语中添加“商海”这一注解，改译为jumping into the sea of business,既传达了词义，又保留了汉语原词生动形象的语言形象。,
