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1、语法难点突破之五 定语从句（一）,修饰名词和代词的成分,Key words:,定语:,a beautiful flower,a tall boy,beautiful,tall,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,This is the best film that I have seen.,定语从句,the best film,先行词,that,关系词,This is the best film that I have seen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,London is the city that/which has hoste
2、d the 2012 Olympic Games.,London,the city,host the 2012 Olympic Games.,Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,the usage of the relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词/整个句子,无逗号隔开
3、,有逗号与主句隔开,有that,无that,Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。,The book(that/which)I bought yesterd
4、ay is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.The book,which I bought yesterday,is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.,有that，作宾语时可以省略,不用that,作宾语时不可以省略,，,我昨天买的那本书是哈利波特与凤凰令,1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式4.as 与which的区别5.指人时that 与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题,常见考点,1.This is all
5、_ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it,考点一:that 与which 的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,4.He ta
6、lked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom5.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that,6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it,7.Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?A.
7、that B.which C.where D.it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。,若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。,1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词,2.先行词被all,little,much,ev
8、ery,no,等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。,4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。,只用that的情况:,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面 2,介词后面,2.T
9、he day _ he was born was Jan.20,2013.A.on which B.that C.which D.this,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键 是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词或形容词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom;不可用that 或who 代替,The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the meeting.T
10、he man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.,Join them into one sentence.,=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。,Is this the book(which/that)
11、you are looking for?,Filling blanks:,1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.,with whom,in which,考点三：Whose 用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?Th
12、is is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,3.whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+of which=of which+the+n.,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,=He lives in the room,faces south.,=He lives in the room,faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,考
13、点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.,1._ was natural,he married Jenn
14、y.A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters.A.as,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is,3.She is very good at dance,_ everybody knows.A.that B.which C.who D.as4._ has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As5.We do the same work _ th
15、ey do.A.which B.as C.than D.like,Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.,考点五:that 与who的区别,who,who,who,考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,
16、I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who
17、_afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who _not fit for this job,is,am,3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who
18、to sing,1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?,D,Is this the factory _ we visited last Week?,A、where B、thatC、to which D、the one,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,2.Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、which,A,先行词是situation,case,scene时，一般用where,
19、也可用in which,3.She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、whatC、which D、why,C,She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.,A,5.The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、which,B,6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your name
20、s.,A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、what,B,7.I dont like English,_ grammar I am not interested.I dont like English,_ grammar is difficult to learn.I like this house,_ doorway is just enough to get.I like this house,_ doorway is small.A.in which B.which C.through whose D.whose,A,D,C,D,8.I，_ your good fr
21、iend,will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,9.Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?,A、which B、thatC、what D、as,B,10.His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.,A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without which,D,11.Which of the two cows _ you keep pro
22、duces more milk?,A、whichB、thatC、whatD、as,B,12.As many members _ were present agreed to the plan.A.who B.that C.which D.as,D,13.He must be from Africa,_ can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.who D.what,B,14.This is the same pen _I lost yesterday.A.as B.that C.the one D.A&B,D,比较：.the same pen as I l
23、ost.the same pen that I lost.,表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是,则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.,15.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.A.as B.that C.which D.the ones,A,B,so.that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句,16._is mentioned above,the number of the stude
24、nts in senior high school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.What D.That,B,17.Ill tell you _ he told me last night.A.all which B.all whatC.that all D.all,D,18.How do you like the book?Its quite different from _ I read last month.A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what,C,19.There are three libraries in our
25、 school,_ were built five years ago.,A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of that,C,20.I bought some books from the bookstore,five _were English novels.,A.of which B.whichC.that D.in which,A,名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句,21.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.He
26、re are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them,非限制性定语从句,并列句,C,D,解题思路:,1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。,Translation,1.这就是那位帮助我的人。2.你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。3.你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？,Th
27、is is the man who helped me.,Mrs.Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.,Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?,4.我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。5.他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。6.请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？,The present that/which I received was from my brother.,He came to my home during the week when I was out.,Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?,
