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1、现在完成时的被动语态一、基本构成：现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been过去分词”构成，其中第三人称单数用has，第三人称复数及其余人称用have。现在完成时被动语态的各种句式：肯定式have/hasbeendoneYour computer has been repaired.你的电脑已经修好了。,否定式have/has not been doneThe desks have not been cleaned.这些桌子还没有擦干净。疑问式Have/Has主语beendone?Has the door been painted？那扇门粉刷了吗？No，it hasnt.不，还没有。,
2、二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段的时间状语连用。Im sorry，but the letters havent been typed yet.很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是，现在还拿不到这些信件)The work has already been finished.工作已完成了。(结果是，现在不用做这项工作了),2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long.？句
3、型中。The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours.这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。,3用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。,三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点1现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。2与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成
4、时的被动语态则强调与现在情况有联系。The library was built last year.这座图书馆是去年修成的。The library has been built.这座图书馆已经修好了。,3非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。,How long has he joined the army？()How long has he been in the army？()他参军多长时间了？点津：这类动词的否定式可表示动作的
5、持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。,(2010福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they_before leaving their hometowns.ApromisedBwere promisedChave promised Dhave been promised,解析：考查时态和语态。job与promise之间为被动关系，故应考虑被动语态形式，再考虑到“before leaving their hometowns”，表示动作已经发生，故
6、用完成时。所以现在完成时的被动式为正确形式。答案：D,(2009全国卷)His sister left home in 1998，and_since.Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard ofChad not heard of Dhas not heard of,解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意为：他姐姐在1998年离开了家，此后人们再也没有听到她的消息。根据句意可知应用被动语态，句中的since暗示应用现在完成时，因此答案为B。答案：B,(2008陕西卷)Though we dont know what was discussed，yet
7、we can feel the topic_.Ahad changed Bwill changeCwas changed Dhas been changed,解析：考查动词时态、语态。句意为：尽管我们不知道讨论的内容，但我们能感觉到讨论的话题变了。根据题意，句子应用被动结构，排除A项和B项，又根据时态一致，排除C项。答案：D,.用所给词的适当形式填空1Great changes_ _ _(take place)in my village since 2008.答案：have taken place2The tickets_ _ _ _(already sell)out.You wont get
8、 one as you want.答案：have already been sold,3_the program_ _(develop)yet？If not，youd better get it ready as soon as possible.答案：Has；been developed4Are you going to the party?No，I_ _ _(not invite)yet.答案：havent been invited,5Jack_ _ _(tell)the news，so you neednt call him up.答案：has been told6More than 5
9、,000 used bikes_ _ _(collect)since the two brothers set up the organisation.答案：have been collected,7Since the cause of this disease_ _ _(discover)，now we need to develop the medicine to treat it.答案：has been discovered8Every possible means_ _ _(try)to stop the bad behavior，but they dont work at all.答
10、案：has been tried,9Over the past ten years，this town_ _ _(hit)twice by earthquakes.答案：has been hit10Her novel is very popular among people of all ages；so far it_ _ _(translate)into 25 languages.答案：has been translated,.单项填空1Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303?It should be 302.But I hear that it_til
11、l tomorrow.Awas put off Bwill put offChas been put off Dis put off,解析：根据句意应是“我听说会议已推迟到明天了”。put off(推迟)，与meeting之间为被动关系。会议现在已被推迟，故用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：C,2What happened to the postman?I dont know.He_around here for a long time.Ahasnt seen Bdidnt seeCwasnt seen Dhasnt been seen,解析：由时间状语for a long time可知到说话时为
12、止很长时间没有见到邮递员了，邮递员与看见之间为动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，所以选D项。答案：D,3Till now，three films_in our village this month.Ahave shown Bhave been shownCwere shown Dwill be shown,解析：考查时态及语态。由时间状语till now“直到现在”可知用现在完成时，又因film与show之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：B,4Every possible means_to save the wounded soldier up to now.Awas trie
13、d Bwere triedChave been tried Dhas been tried,解析：由时间状语up to now可知应用现在完成时。另外，主语means与try之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。means为单复数同形的单词，由其前的every可知此处作单数名词，故选D项。答案：D,5The boys_many times not to swim in that lake，but it doesnt make any difference.Ahave told BtoldChave been told Dwere being told,解析：根据句意可知，the boys和tell之间
14、是被动关系，故用被动语态；又根据but后面的分句可知，应用现在完成时，故答案选C项。答案：C,6Can we sit at the table near the window?Im sorry，but it_already.Awas taken BtookChas taken Dhas been taken,解析：it代指the table，和take之间是被动关系；又根据already和句意可知用现在完成时，故答案选D项。答案：D,7Ive heard that a talk on American history_in the meeting room this Friday.Ais gi
15、ven Bhas been givenCwill be given Dgives解析：根据句意，报告是在下周要做，故用一般将来时态的被动语态。答案：C,8I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_the cloth_well.Ahave told；washed Bhave been told；washesChave been told；washed Dwas told；washed,解析：根据句意“因为我被告知这种布很好洗”可知第一空用完成时的被动语态；第二空表示主语具有的属性，用主动表被动，故用washes。答案：B,9The new dictio
16、naries are very useful.They_well and_already.Asell；have been sold out Bsold；had sold outCsell；sell out Dare sold；have been sold out,解析：第一空sell说明主语的性质，为不及物动词用法，不能用于被动语态；第二空根据副词already可知“已卖完了”；且sell out(售完)与dictionaries间为被动关系，故选A项。答案：A,10(2010聊城高一检测)A new school library_here.It is said that they hope
17、to finish it next month.Awill be built Bis builtChas been built Dis being built,解析：由后一句“据说他们希望下一个月完工”可知目前图书馆正在建设中，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。答案：D,11When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what_.Ahave marked Bhave been markedChad marked Dhad been marked解析：根据前面的时态，此处应该使用现在完成时的被动语态，表示已被标志的部分。答案：B,12The
18、 window is dirty.I know.It_for weeks.Ahasnt cleaned Bdidnt cleanCwasnt cleaned Dhasnt been cleaned,解析：考查时态及语态。句意为：窗户很脏。我知道。已经好几周没擦了。window和clean是被动关系且强调发生在过去的动作影响到现在。所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：D,13Why does Lingling look so unhappy?She_by her classmates.Ahas laughed Blaughed atClaughed Dhas been laughed at,解析
19、：答句中由by可知“她被同学笑话了”，laugh at短语动词，被动语态中不能省略介词。答案：D,14Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture，but when to begin_yet.Ahasnt been decided Bhavent decidedCisnt being decided Darent decided,解析：由时间状语yet可知，应用现在完成时；又因decide和“讲座开始的时间”存在被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：A,15How many times_not to play with fire?Im sorry.Ill never do that again.Ado you tell Bhad you toldCare you told Dhave you been told,解析：由上下语境可知，you和tell存在被动关系，再由how many times可以判断，“告知”的动作已经发生过多次，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：D,
