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1、冠词用法,冠词,一定义：冠词是一类虚词，它不能单独使用。冠词只能附在一个名词前面，用来限制这个名词。冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the。不定冠词一般表示泛指；定冠词一般表示特指。,二分类,不定冠词不定冠词“a”和“an”仅用在单数可数名词前,表示“一”的概念,但不强调数目,只表示该名词不是“特定者”.“a”和“an”表示“一”的意义时,不如one的数字概念强。“a”用在以辅音开头的词前，“an”用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。,a pen 一支钢笔 a bag 一个书包 a student 一名学生a university 一所大学a
2、 useful tool 一个有用的工具a unit 一个单元an egg 一个鸡蛋an hour 一个小时 an island 一个岛an ant 一只蚂蚁 an American 一个美国人 an interesting book 一本有趣的书,定冠词定冠词the用于可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前表特指。the表示这,那,这些,那些“之意。,Give me the book.给我这本书。The flowers in Mikes garden are very beautiful.Mike花园里的花非常美。The sun is shining in the sky.太阳在天空中闪耀。I lo
3、ve the fresh air here.我喜欢这里的新鲜空气。TheSmithswatchTVeveryday.Smith一家每天看电视。,三用法,1.不定冠词的用法(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示一类人或事物的身份或性质。Mike is a teacher.Mike是一位老师。It is a tool.这是一个工具。He wants to be a CEO.他想成为一名执行总裁。,(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。Pass me an apple,please.请递给我一个苹果。A child should learn how to do housework.孩子应该学习如何做家
4、务。A parrot can learn to talk.鹦鹉可以学说话。,(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。Sarah always gives me a novel on my birthday.在我过生日的时候，Sarah总是送我一本小说。A Mr.Green is asking to see you.一位Green先生要求见你。A girl is waiting for you outside.一个女孩在外面等你。,(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。Take the medicine three times a day.这种药一天吃三次。They go to see
5、 their parents once a week.他们一周去看一次父母。Lily goes swimming twice a month.Lily每个月游泳两次。,(5)在某些固定词组中。a lot of，a lot，a little，a few，a bithave a word with/look/try/swim/drink/walk/rest/good timea quarter 一刻钟half an hour 半小时take a shower淋浴take a bath洗澡 get a cold患感冒,get a fever发烧make a living谋生 make a guess
6、 at猜测in a moment过一会儿 in a sense在某种意义上 in a way在某种程度上 once in a while间或as a result因此as a rule通常as a whole总体上说,2.定冠词用法,(1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The magazine on the desk is Times.桌子上的杂志是时代周刊。Beijing is the capital of China.中国的首都使北京。This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅居住过的房子。,(2)上文提到过的人或事物。Yesterday S
7、allys father bought her a new mp3.The mp3 cost him 200 yuan.昨天Sally的爸爸给她买了一个新的mp3，花了他200元。Once there lived a tiger in the forest.Every day the tiger asked small animals to look for food for him.从前森林里住着一只老虎。每天这只老虎要小动物们为他寻找食物。There is an old man crossing the road.The man wears a pair of blue gloves.有一
8、位老人正在过马路，他带了一副蓝色手套。,(3)表示世界上独一无二的事物。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕着太阳旋转。The moon is the satellite of the earth.月亮是地球的卫星。,(4)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国的最大城市。February is the second month of the year.二月是一年中的第二个月。
9、Kung Fu Panda is the most interesting film I have ever seen.功夫熊猫是我看过最有意思的电影。,(5)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。The nurse is kind to the sick.这个护士对病人很好。The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。The young should work hard.年轻人应该努力工作。,(6)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。The Browns like reading books.布朗一家喜欢读书。The whites are
10、watching a football match on TV.怀特一家正在看一场电视转播的足球比赛。The Greens moved to London last week.格林一家上周搬到伦敦去了。,(7)我国用 festival 构成的传统节日通常用定冠词the Spring Festival 春节 the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节the Dragon-Boat Festival 端午节,(8)在某些固定词组中。in the middle of 在 中间tell the truth 说真话in the end 最后in the sun 在阳光下on the righ
11、t/on the left 在右边/在左边by the way 顺便说一句in the dark 在黑暗处in the future 在将来in the open air 在户外on the air 在播出at the same time 同时in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/中午/晚上,3.零冠词的用法,节假日、星期、月份、季节等通常用零冠词。We enjoyed ourselves on Thanksgiving.我们在感恩节节过得很愉快。Friday comes after Thursday.星期五在星期四之后。December is my fav
12、orite.十二月是我最喜欢的。,(2)某些表示自然界时间变化现象的名词，与某些介词(如at,after,before,till,until,towards,from 等)构成短语时，通常用零冠词。at day-break 在天亮时 before dawn 在天亮前at dusk 在黄昏时 after sunset 在日落后after sunrise 在日出后 towards dark 天快黑时at midnight 在半夜,(3)球类、三餐、茶点等名词前，通常用零冠词。We play football in the afternoon.我们下午踢足球。What do you have for
13、 breakfast?你早餐吃什么?They were at tea when I visited.我来访时他们正在喝茶(吃茶点)。,(4)当名词后接有数词表示顺序时，名词前通常用零冠词。Lesson 5 is more interesting than Lesson 6.第5课比第6课更有趣。Theres a picture of a ship on Page 15.在第15页有张一艘船的照片。Bus 1 is coming.一路汽车来了。,(5)公园、广场、学校、语言等名词前通常用零冠词。Hyde Park 海德公园 Zhongshan Park 中山公园 speak French 说法语
14、,(6)某些用介词 by 构成的表达方式的短语通常用零冠词。by bus 乘公共汽车 by bike(bicycle)骑自行车by plane/by air乘飞机 by ship(boat)坐船by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路,(7)表示正式的或独一无二的头衔或职位等，在用作宾语、表语、补语或同位语时，通常用零冠词。Mike is captain of a football team.麦克是一个足球队队长。He is head of the foreign languages department.他是外语系主任。Obama is president of America.奥巴马是
15、美国总统。,(8)在某些固定词组中。go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院at school 上学,at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜 on foot 步行catch fire 着火 in danger 在危险中 lose heart 灰心at work 在工作 in trouble 在困难中on time 按时 in time 及时,4.有定冠词和零冠词的区别：,at table 在吃饭at the table
16、在桌子旁边go to school 上校（是学生）go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）,in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院里（不一定是病人）in class 在上课in the class 在班里 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在 内部的前面,课堂练习,1.Do you have _ pen?Yes,I have one.aB.anC.theD./【答案】A,2.More and more foreign students come to China to learn _ Chinese.aB.anC.th
17、eD./【答案】D,3.The guitar might belong to Alice.She plays _ guitar very well.theB.aC./【答案】A,4.I think its _ useful advice,so I will always remember it.a B.anC.the D./【答案】D,5.Bob likes to play _ basketball,so he bought a basketball yesterday./B.anC.theD.a【答案】A,6.Millie has _ e-dog and its name is Hobo.a
18、B.anC.theD./【答案】B,7._ history of this special Pacific island brought _ unusual feeling to me.The,aB.A,anC.The,anD.A,a【答案】C,8.Do you know _ lady in blue?Yes,she is a teacher of a university.theB.aC.anD./【答案】A,9.My brother studies in _ university._ university is very far from here.an,TheB.a,TheC.the,AD.a,A【答案】B,10.Wheres Xiao Ming?He is having _ rest over there.aB.anC.theD./【答案】A,
