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1、语法专项突破系列动词的时态和语态,考点1 一般时态1.一般现在时(1)表示现在的习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如usually,often,always,sometimes,every day等。(2013浙江高考)On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.周一早晨我往往需要驱车一小时去上班。,(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive等表示动作趋向性或移动意
2、义的词。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.这列火车明早六点出发。(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般(现在)时代替一般将来时。(2014重庆高考)Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.如果你重复做一件事情,肯定会感到厌烦。,【点津】考生要通过语境和表示时间的状语来对动作发生的时间进行判断,有时候也通过从句提示的关键信息。具体要做到:首先依据时间状语推断时态;通过前后语境透露的信息把握动作发生的时间;把握复合句中前后时态,或者情景对话式的上下文句子中时态的呼应。,【典题印证】用
3、所给词的适当形式填空(2014湖南高考)Whenever you(buy)a present,you should think about it from the receivers point of view.解题关键:whenever意为“每当的时候,每次的时候”。由whenever的意思可知该句所表达的动作(买礼物“buy a present”)是经常性、习惯性的动作或反复发生的动作,符合一般现在时的基本特征,故用一般现在时。答案判定:句意:每当你买礼物的时候,你都应从收到者的角度想一想(礼物是否合适)。故用buy。,2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用yes
4、terday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作时间状语。It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.昨天你提交的作品糟糕至极。(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。He said he would not go if it rained.他说过如果下雨,他不会去的。,(3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时,know,think,expect等动词常用一般过去时。I didnt expect to meet you here.我没料到会在这里碰见你。,【辨析】一般过
5、去时与现在完成时的区别,Theyve gone to Paris so far.他们目前已经到巴黎了(说明他们现在去巴黎了,不在这里)。They went to Paris last year.他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过,不表明是否现在仍在那里)。,【点津】常考查一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在这一特定意义。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014福建高考)Havent seen you for ages!Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and(stay)there for one year,teaching as a v
6、olunteer.,解题关键:根据句中的关键词went可知stay这一动作也发生在过去,故用一般过去时。延续性动词,如stay,study,live等的一般过去时可与“介词for+一段时间”连用。此题考生易错填had stayed,但根据题目中的信息并不能推测出stay表示的动作发生在过去的过去。答案判定:句意:好长时间没见你了!你去哪里了?我作为一名志愿者去了宁夏教学,并且在那里待了一年。所以填stayed。,3.一般将来时(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实。(2)三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构:be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆
7、要发生某事。The dark clouds are gathering,so it is going to rain.乌云密布,眼看就要下雨了。,be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.进入图书馆时我们要遵守这些规定。be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用,但常与when引导的时间状语从句连用。The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。,【点津】will
8、do sth.有时候强调“临时的、当即的决定”,意为“要去做某事”。Where is the telephone book?电话簿呢?Ill go and get it for you.我去给你拿。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2013辽宁高考)We are confident that the environment_(improve)by our further efforts to reduce pollution.解题关键:根据by our further efforts以及we are confident可知,环境得到改善应该是将来的事情,故用一般将来时的被动语态。答案判定:
9、句意:我们有信心,在为减少污染而做出进一步努力后,环境将会得到改善。所以填will be improved。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014新课标全国卷)A boy on a bike _(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.2.(2014重庆高考)Youd better write down her phone number before you _(forget)it.3.(2013广东高考)Suddenly,he _(find)that he had run out of
10、 salt.,caught,forget,found,4.(2013山东高考)I didnt think Id like the movie,but actually it _(be)pretty good.5.(2013北京高考)Do you think Mom and Dad _(be)late?No,Swiss Air is usually on time.6.(2013湖南高考)Around two oclock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _(bother)us.,was,will be,bo
11、thers,7.(2013江苏高考)What about your self-drive trip yesterday?Tiring!The road is being widened,and we _(have)a rough ride.8.(2012湖南高考)Dont worry.The hard work that you do now _ _(repay)later in life.,had,will,be repaid,考点2 进行时态1.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作、存在的状态或者表示现阶段正在进行的动作、存在的状态(说话时动作不一定进行或存在)。Our friends
12、 are waiting for us outside now.我们的朋友现在正在外面等我们。,(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come,go,leave,start,open,arrive,begin,return等常用现在进行时表将来。He is returning from Beijing next week.他下周要从北京回来。(3)现在(或者过去)进行时态与always,constantly,often,forever,continually等副词连用表示说话者的“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等感情色彩。The girl is always talking aloud in publ
13、ic.这个女孩总是在公众面前大声喧哗。,【点津】根据语境把握动作是正在进行和正在发生;从某个时间点推知是现在语境中正在发生的动作。,【辨析】He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isnt writing at present.他经常写很多信,但他现在没在写。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014北京高考)Hi,lets go skating.Sorry,Im busy right now.I(fill)in an application form for a new job.解题关键:由时间状语right now可知,在说话这一刻“填表”的
14、动作正在发生,故用现在进行时态。答案判定:句意:嗨,我们去滑冰吧。对不起,我现在正忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。所以用am filling。,2.过去进行时(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。She was writing a book about China last year,but I dont know whether she has finished it.去年她一直在写一本关于中国的书,但我不知道她是否已经写完。(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。She was watching TV when a burglar broke into
15、 her house.当一名窃贼破门而入的时候,她正在看电视。,(3)过去进行时可以表示按计划、安排在过去将要发生的事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去按照计划安排将要发生的动作。Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.昨天他说他要动身去加拿大。,【辨析】,I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完)。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2
16、014四川高考)She(phone)someone,so I nodded to her and went away.解题关键:根据语境可知“在我向她点头并离开的那段时间,她一直在打电话”,故要用过去进行时态,表示过去某个时间内正在发生或进行的动作。答案判定:句意:她正在跟别人打电话,因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。所以用was phoning。,3.将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有:soon,tomorrow,this evening,on Sunday,by this time,in two days,tomorrow evening等。Th
17、is time next week Ill be lying on the beach,enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候我就会躺在沙滩上享受阳光了。,【辨析】,She is sixteen,and will be seventeen next year.她十六岁,明年将十七岁。What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下周一的这个时候你将会在做什么呢?,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2013江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I(write)a re
18、port at home.解题关键:由题干中的关键信息词tomorrow morning可知,双方在谈论明天早晨的事情,所以答语应用将来进行时,表示“明天早晨我将在家写报告”。答案判定:句意:明天早晨我可以借用你的汽车吗?当然可以。那时候,我将在家写报告。所以用will be writing。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014重庆高考)James has just arrived,but I didnt know he _ _(come)until yesterday.2.(2013新课标全国卷)We _(leave)very early so we packed the ni
19、ght before.3.(2013天津高考)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _(repair)one of the main pipes.,was,coming,were leaving,are repairing,4.(2013湖南高考)I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry.But I _(do)my homework.5.(2013北京高考)Hurry up!Mar
20、k and Carol _(expect)us.6.(2013江西高考)I _(come)to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.7.(2013四川高考)Hurry up,kids!The school bus _(wait)for us!,was doing,are expecting,was coming,is waiting,考点3 完成时态1.现在完成时(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语:already,so far,never,just,before,recently
21、等。He hasnt heard of the news about the lost child so far.他到目前为止还未听说有关这个失踪小孩的消息。,(2)表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态,甚至延续到将来。常与since,for以及so far,now,today,this week(month,year),for a long time,in the past/last few years,these days等连用。We have learnt 500 words these days.我们最近已经学习了500个单词了。(3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来
22、某时完成的动作。Please return the book to me when you have finished it.你看完这本书后请还给我。,【点津】注意牢记以下固定句型:It is/has been+时间段+since.表示“自从以来已经”。It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.我已经从这所大学毕业十年了。This/It/That is the first/second/third.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。This is the f
23、irst time that I have been here.这是我第一次来这里。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014江苏高考)How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well,the media(cover)it in a variety of forms.,解题关键:问话人询问对方了解多少关于青奥会的事情,说明关于青奥会的很多信息已经被对方知道了。而回答者并没有正面回答,而是说媒体已经报道过很多了,意思是外界都知道青奥会的信息,他就不用回答具体信息了。这里应该用现在完成时,
24、表示到目前为止媒体已经通过各种形式报道了。答案判定:句意:你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少?哦,媒体已经以各种各样的形式对它进行了报道。故填have covered。,2.过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by,before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子。By the end of last year,we had accomplished the project completely.到去年年底,我们已经彻底完成了该工程。,(2)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,supp
25、ose等,用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本来预料的是你能赢得这场比赛的。,【点津】注意固定句型This/It/That was the first/second/third.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。This was the first time that I had been here.这是我第一次来这里。hardly.when.和no sooner.than.两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。Hardly
26、had the match started when we arrived.我们一到场,比赛就开始了。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014山东高考)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we(expect).解题关键:根据句中的关键词was可知“耗费时间”这一动作已经发生,而“预想时间”应该是发生在“耗费时间”之前,即expect这一动作发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时态。答案判定:句意:手写所有的邀请函比我们预想的更耗时。故填had expected。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当
27、形式填空1.(2014安徽高考)The twins,who _(finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.2.(2014浙江高考)Sofia looked around at all the faces;she had the impression that she _(see)most of the guests before.3.(2014陕西高考)During his stay in Xian,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his frien
28、ds _(recommend).,had finished,had seen,had recommended,4.(2014北京高考)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ _(start)when I arrived.5.(2014大纲版全国卷)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _(see)them since.6.(2013山东高考)Oh no!Were too late.The train _(leave).Thats OK.Well catch the next train t
29、o London.,had,started,has seen,has left,7.(2013浙江高考)During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _(increase)sharply.8.(2013辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he _(have)it for a very long time.9.(2013湖南高考)Have you heard about the rec
30、ent election?Sure,it _(be)the only thing on the news for the last three days.,has increased,had had,has been,考点4 现在完成进行时和过去将来时1.现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。Im very tired.I have been checking the students papers all the morning.我很累。我整个上午都在批改学生的试卷。,(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。I have be
31、en calling him many times this morning,but theres no answer.今天上午我给他打了很多次电话,但目前一直没有收到答复。,【辨析】,Ive read Tiny Times.我已经读过小时代了。(已经完成)I have been reading Tiny Times these days.这些天我一直在读小时代。(仍在进行甚至仍将继续),2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。I heard that they were going to ret
32、urn to Shanghai soon.我听说他们不久要回到上海。,【点津】判断这种时态的依据是要有表示过去的“动作”,而不一定是单纯的时间。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014山东高考)They made up their minds that they(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs.解题关键:根据主句中的关键词made可知该题的语境是发生在过去的;同时once引导的条件状语从句中的changed这一动作还未发生,用的是一般过去时表示过去将来时,所以主句应该用过去将来时。故填would buy。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空
33、1.(2014湖南高考)Since the time humankind started gardening,we _(try)to make our environment more beautiful.2.(2014江西高考)Tony,why are your eyes red?I _(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.3.(2013福建高考)The girl has a great interest in sport and _(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three
34、years.,have been trying,have been cutting,taking,has been,考点5 被动语态1.不能用被动语态的特殊动词(1)系动词类(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear等)。(2)表示主语特征的词(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等),常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。,2.get构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等。We ge
35、t paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。3.主动形式表示被动意义(1)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。,(2)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。The probl
36、em is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。(3)be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为此错误接受谴责?The houses are to let.这些房子有待出租。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014安徽高考)While waiting for the opportunity to get_(promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty.解题关键:While waiting for the opportunity
37、 to get为While he was waiting for the opportunity to get的省略,Henry与promote之间为被动关系,应使用被动语态。此处是get型被动语态,为“get+过去分词”。答案判定:句意:在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利尽量履行好他的职责。故用promoted。,【高考集训】用所给词的适当时态和语态填空1.(2014广东高考)We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,but for the week after.2.(2014辽宁高考)Tai Chi _(call)“sha
38、dow boxing”in English.It asks you to act like water.3.(2014天津高考)We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make).,were told,is called,have been made,4.(2014大纲版全国卷)Unless some extra money _(find),the theatre will close.5.(2013北京高考)So what is the procedure?All the applicants _(interview)befor
39、e a final decision is made by the authority.6.(2013北京高考)Shakespeares play Hamlet _(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.,is found,are interviewed,has been made,7.(2013上海高考)The school board is made up of parents who _ _(elect)to make decisions about school affairs.8.(2013湖南高考)If nothing _(do),the oceans will turn into fish deserts.,have,been elected,is done,
