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1、阅读理解之细节理解,by LiuFei Class9，Senior 3,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,英语 阅读理解 细节理解题,1.阅读理解旨在考查考生理解不同题材和体裁的书面材料以及从中获取信息的能力。2.要求考生能读懂有关日常生活的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报纸、杂志中关于一般性话题简短文段。3.考生应能:理解主旨要义;理解文中具体信息;根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;做出判断和推理;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度。,设问方式,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,英语 阅读理解 细节理解题,其中，细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解考查的重点题型之一，其分值所占比例高达
2、50%，所以如何拿下这“半壁江山”显得尤为重要。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章细节的理解，一般对文中已提到的事物、现象或理论进行发问，通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对语篇的理解能力。,设问方式,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,英语 阅读理解 细节理解题,4年26考,设问方式,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,英语 阅读理解 细节理解题,4年5考,设问方式,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,英语 阅读理解 细节理解题,设问方式,全国卷设问形式(1)WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?(2017年课标全国卷)(2)Whywastheauthorcal
3、ledtoMuttontown?(2017年课标全国卷)(3)Who can help you if you want to have your music produced？(2016年课标全国卷)(4)What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？(2016年课标全国卷)(5)When is the talk on James Brindley？(2015年课标全国卷),题型全突破,2016全国I卷阅读理解A You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have
4、heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of com
5、munity(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.,Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spri
6、ng raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a
7、woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in 1981,the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.,Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a
8、bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,”said Parks.,1Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in
9、the US?AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor.DRosa Parks.,1.细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“civil-rights”可将答案锁定在“Rosa Parks”一栏中；根据本段中的“Her simple act landed Parks in prison.and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项，是Rosa Parks对美国的民权运动做出了很大贡献。,1.直接信息题题干定位法细节的直接辨认不要求
10、读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。,技法点拨,题干定位法,认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向。运用略读及寻读技巧迅速找到文中与问题的相关信息。仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定正确选项。,名师点津 此类题目适合寻读法，带着问题找句子，即先看问题，记住关键词，如人物、时间、事件、地点等，然后带着问题阅读文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。,2What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer
11、 community background.,Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams becam
12、e the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.,无中生有偷换概念,部分正确,偷换概念,(,),2.细节理解题。B项中的“her teaching skills”和文中提到的“promoting education”都与“教育”相关，但文中未提及her teaching skills(她的教学技能)，只是谈到了promoting education(促进教育)，属于“无中生有”和“偷换概念”；根据文中对细节的理解，Jane Addams获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但她不是因努力去获奖而出名的，而且她也并非为了获奖才付出努力，故C项错误；D
13、项中的“community”在文中多次出现，但“community background”是对“a sense of community”的“偷换概念”，故D项错误。,3What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.,Sandra Day OC
14、onnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in 1981,the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many i
15、mportant cases during her 24 years on the top court.,颠倒是非,无中生有,2.细节理解题。根据Sandra Day OConnor下的第一句When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School.可知，她在斯坦福大学法学院受过教育，并非缺少正规的法律培训，颠倒是非，故A错；文中未提及她在法庭上工作经验少，无中生有，故B错；根据.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.
16、可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项；文中未提及她的经济状况，无中生有，故D错。,2.间接信息题“断章取义”法间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。,“断章取义”法,阅读题干，有针对性地扫读原文，锁定相关词句等信息。仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳的答案。准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息相关的同义词、近义词或反义词。,技法点拨,2016天津红桥八校联考 The Gunpowder Plot was a conspiracy(阴谋)to kill King James，
17、as well as the members of the House of Lords and Commons at the reopening of Parliament.It was designed by a group of Catholics in protest against the antiCatholic laws that were being introduced by the king.Robert Catesby was the leader of the group.It was he and his cousin，Thomas Wintour，and two o
18、ther friends，Thomas Percy and John Wright，who formed the center of the group.They were joined by nine more men；among them was Guy Fawkes，from the city of York in the north of England.,Fawkes found a store room directly under the House of Lords and rented it out under the false name of John Johnson.T
19、he conspirators stored thirtysix barrels of gunpowder there，and Fawkes，who was an explosives expert，was to light the fuses(引信)on 5th November 1605.The plot failed because one of the conspirators，Francis Tresham，sent a letter to his relative，who was a member of the House of Lords.The letter warned hi
20、m not to attend the opening ceremony of Parliament.The letter was passed on to the authorities，who took action.Guy Fawkes was found in the cellar on the night of 4th November with the thirtysix barrels and a number of fuses.He was imprisoned and illtreated，eventually giving away the names of the con
21、spirators.,Soldiers of the king surrounded Holbeach House，in the Midlands，where they knew the conspirators to be hiding.In the fight that followed，four of them were shot dead，including Catesby and Percy，who were actually killed by the same bullet.The others were imprisoned and hanged along with Guy
22、Fawkes on 31st January 1606.These days，on 5th November，children all over Britain celebrate Guy Fawkes Night by building huge bonfires and lighting fireworks.Its a family tradition and an occasion to eat potatoes baked by the flames.There is always a“guy”on top of the fire，a model of Guy Fawkes，dress
23、ed in the clothes of the 17th century.,1Francis Tresham wrote the letter to his relative to_.Awarn him of the danger of being killedBreveal the names of the conspiratorsCprotect the House of LordsDreport the plot to the authorities,语篇解读本文讲述的是英国历史上著名的火药阴谋，并详细介绍这一事件的前因后果。Francis Tresham，sent a letter
24、to his relative，who was a member of the House of Lords.The letter warned him not to attend the opening ceremony of Parliament.解析细节理解题。可知，Francis Tresham写信给亲戚是警告对方不要去参加开幕式，因为有丧命的危险。故A正确。,偷换概念张冠李戴,2What can we learn about Robert Catesby?AHe wrote a letter to his relative in the authorities.BHe was imp
25、risoned and hanged.CHe was responsible for lighting the fuses.DHe was shot dead in the fight.解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“In the fight that followed，four of them were shot dead，including Catesby and Percy，who were actually killed by the same bullet.”可知，Robert Catesby是在战斗中被射死的。故D项正确。,偷换概念张冠李戴,3According to the
26、 passage，the total number of people involved in the plot is _.A40 B4 C36 D13解析数字计算题。根据第二段第二、三句“It was he and his cousin，Thomas Wintour，and two other friends，Thomas Percy and John Wright，who formed the center of the group.They were joined by nine more men；among them was Guy Fawkes，from the city of Yo
27、rk in the north of England.”可知，Robert Catesby，Thomas Wintour，Thomas Percy，John Wright再加上另外9个人，所以一共是13人。故D正确。,3.数字计算题查读分析法此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。,技法点拨,4What is the right order of the event describe
28、d in the passage?aA cellar(地窖)was found.bFour conspirators were shot.cThe letter was passed on to the authorities.dThe rest of the conspirators were hanged.eSome gunpowder was prepared.fThe authorities took action.Acaefbd BeacfbfCaecfbd Dcfaebd解析事件排序题。根据第三段第一句“Fawkes found a store room directly unde
29、r the House of Lords”可知首先他们找到了一个地窖；根据第二句“The conspirators stored thirtysix barrels of gunpowder there”可知他们准备了炸药。根据第四段最后一句“The letter was passed on to the authorities，who took action.”可知信件被当局知道了，并采取了行动。根据倒数第二段可知四人被射杀，其余人被绞死。故C项顺序正确。,a,e,c,f,b d,4.排序题首尾排除法这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时
30、可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。,技法点拨,A.选项特点1.干扰选项特点(1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确。(2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。(3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。(4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。(5)文不对题。(6)符合常识,但不是文章内容。(7)部分正确,部分错误。,归纳总结,A.选项特点2.正确选项
31、特征(1)同义替换，对原文句子中的关键词替换。(2)词性或者语态的变化。(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。,归纳总结,题干,原文,选项,关键词,问什么,直接信息,间接信息,语意转换,正确选项,查读,对应,加工整理,What was Sue doing when she was attacked by the deer?AShe was driving home.BShe was resting on the road.CShe was taking exercise.DShe was
32、 feeding wild animals.,Sue，a 44yearold mother，had been out for her morning run.The deer followed her and edged closer.“I knew I was in trouble，”Sue says.She went to pick up a stick for selfdefense，and the deer charged.It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air.Sue could feel blood fle
33、w down her leg.Within seconds，the deer had pushed her off the road.,无中生有,2What did Alexis do to save Sue?AShe pushed the deer away.BShe hit the deer with her feet.CShe drove the car to hit the deer.DShe beat the deer with a hammer.,Alexis looked into the womans terrified eyes，and before her father h
34、ad even stopped the car，the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer.“I was kicking it to get its attention，”she says.Then her father，who had followed his daughter，pushed the deer away from the woman.,偷换概念张冠李戴,文不对题,部分正确,Whats right order of the event described in the passage?a.
35、Alexis saw a deer.b.They saved Sue and sent her to a hospital.c.Alexiss father drove her to see the wildlife.d.Sue was attacked by a deer.A.cdab B.cabd C.cadb D.acdb,Alexis,17，sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dads car.“Dad，theres a deer there！”Alexis said.Then she heard a scream.Alexis reali
36、zed the deer was attacking a woman.Sue，a 44yearold mother，.“I was kicking it to get its attention，”Then her father.pushed the deer away from the woman.then applied a piece of cloth to Sues injured leg.“Were going to get you to a hospital.,语篇解读：本文介绍了发明电子烟的前因后果4细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“In 2003，Chinese pharmaci
37、st，Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine after his father，a heavy smoker，passed away from lung cancer attributed to smoking tobacco cigarettes.”可知，在他的父亲由于吸烟得肺癌去世之后，Hon Lik发明了电子烟。故选D。,4Whats the direct reason why Hon Lik invented the electronic ci
38、garette according to the passage?ATobacco cigarettes caused health problems.BTobacco cigarettes were too expensive for customers to buy.CQuitting smoking became one of the hardest things to do.DHis father died from lung cancer due to smoking tobacco cigarettes.,5细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Hon Lik applied for hi
39、s first patent on the electronic cigarette in 2003 and afterwards introduced ecigs to the Chinese market in the following year through his employer，Golden Dragon Holdings.”可知，虽然他在2003年就申请了电子香烟的专利，但直到2004年他的产品才推向中国市场。故选C。,5Since when have Chinese smokers been able to buy Hon Liks electronic cigarette
40、s according to the passage?A2000.B2003.C2004.D2005.,6事件排序题。根据文章第一、二段的内容可知，Hon Lik的父亲去世后他于2003年发明了电子香烟()，随后，他申请了专利()，2004年，电子香烟被推向中国市场()，Golden Dragon Holdings随后改名，以更贴合电子香烟这种新产品()。可知答案为D。,6Whats the correct order of the following events according to the passage?Hon Lik applied for his first patent on
41、 the electronic cigarette.Hon Liks father died from lung cancer because of smoking tobacco cigarettes.Hon Liks electronic cigarettes were introduced to the Chinese market.The name of the company Golden Dragon Holdings was changed to“Ruyan”A B C D,题干,原文,选项,关键词,问什么,直接信息,间接信息,语意转换,正确选项,查读,对应,加工整理,B.解题时
42、的注意事项1.首先弄清题干,带着问题去阅读,做到有的放矢。通常来说,只要仔细阅读,此类问题的答案都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字和语段来验证。2.按照题目的要求寻找与之相关的细节,正确估计答案来源。有的题目只要抓住文章的某处信息,即可找到正确答案;有的则需要综合文章多处信息加以分析,才能找到正确答案。3.要注意题目和文章的关键词的暗示作用。忽略了它们的暗示作用,就失去了解题的钥匙。如for example,such as 的例证作用;that is,in other words的解释用;however,but的转折作用等。4.运用文章的过渡词找到解决问题的突破口。过渡词能够表达各种语意关系,可以借助它们弄清事件的来龙去脉。更重要的是,这些过渡词绝大多数与细节性的问题有着密切的联系,问题的答案往往是用表达各种语意关系的过渡词来引出的。5.注意文中和题干中设计的陷阱,不要被表面信息所迷惑。另外,有些题目的设置采用反向思维,题干中含有not 或except等否定词,对此要特别小心,以免上当。,
