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1、议论文的结构,开头段(Background information+thesis statement)主体段落23段（Topic sentence+supporting sentences）结尾段落Conclusion,三、开头段落的写法,开头段(Background information+thesis statement),sample,剑7test 3As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work,job satisfaction is an important element of individual wel
2、lbeing.What factors contribute to job satisfaction?How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?,范文开头段：Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high.So feelings about ones job must reflect how an individual feels
3、 about his or her life as a whole,and because of this,job satisfaction is indeed very important for wellbeing of that person.,开头段一般可以分为三个部分,第一部分：背景句（12）第二部分：主题句 1第三部分：观点句或者写作目的陈述（也就是简单介绍下文内容）1,背景句的写法,如何写背景句：首先确定题目讨论的是哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话注意的问题：不要把背景给的过于宽泛或者狭窄，要起到引出主题的作用。,例1.In countries where
4、there is a high rate of unemployment,most pupils should be offered only primary education.There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job.To what extent do you agreeordisagree with this statement?(08.01.26),Unemployment is one of the greatest social probl
5、ems of our time.The relationship between education and unemployment,in particular,has become a troubling issue preoccupying many governments across the world.,例2.Many people use distance-learning programs(study material post,TV,Internet,etc.)to study at home,but some people think that it cannot brin
6、g the benefit as much as attending collegeoruniversity.To what extent do you agreeordisagree with this opinion?(08.10.23=04.11.13),To keep abreast of the 21st century,large numbers of people are seeking to tertiary education.Distance learning,a modern educational model,has received wide currency amo
7、ng qualification seekers.,例3.It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents,for instance for sport or music,and others are not.However,it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Discuss both these views and give your opini
8、on.,The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in,for example,sport,art or music.,背景句可以使用的套句,（1）The development of(设置一些背景的铺垫)is inevitable and undeniable.换词:1、progression,evolution，growth2、unavoidabl
9、e，irreversible,irrefutable,（1）The development of is inevitable and undeniable.（2）The thornypressing problem of has becomeis of a hot topicissuepotato in recent years.（3）has becomeis of a topic of public interest and concern in recent years.（4）is one of the most remarkable phenomena of this centurydu
10、ring the past decades.（5）With increasing number of,has become a social issue.,（5）With increasing number of,has become a topical issue.例：随着越来越多的妇女参与全职工作，由谁来照顾孩子已经成为了社会上的一个问题。With increasing number of women taking part in full-time jobs,who should take care of children has become a topical issue.,练习题：
11、讲义第2题 With increasing investment and emphasis on education,the importance of each subject has sparked peoples interest and concern.例子：随着人们对教育越来越多的投资和关注，每一个学科的重要性已经渐渐引起人们的关注。,练习题：讲义第25题*The overwhelming impact of fashion on clothes preference has become a topic of public interest and concern.*With th
12、e improvement of living standard,peoples demands on clothes have been expanding to a fashion level.,练习题：讲义第19题 When people enjoy the benefits of living in metropolis,they have to face and tackle with the headaches that brought by urban life.,练习题：讲义第21题*With increasing attention has been given to hea
13、lth,much controversy is sparked on this issue.,第二句：写法一：改写文章的题目（问题类之外的题目）写法二：直接交代问题产生的原因（问题类题目）,写法一：改写文章的题目改写时注意的两个问题：1）改写题目，而不是照抄题目2）简洁地改写题目，避免累赘,改写题目的方法：方法一：改词改变关键词的词性同义词替换增加或删减原题内容,改写题目可用的句式,方法二：改句式What is under controversy is whether(讨论的话题)When it comes to,some individuals maintain,while others p
14、ossess the perception that.表“认为、持有看法”：Insist,maintain,argue,consider,deem,reckon,declare,profess,assert,advocate,pronounce,harborhold possess the view standpointviewpoint perceptionargument that,There is a perception that,while a counterconverse argument is that There crops up a social dilemma/ambiv
15、alence over the issue thatPeople,nevertheless,hold various opinions in terms of the issue whether it is a blessing or a curse.Different people hold various viewpoints as to the issue whether is beneficial to,第三句：阐明个人立场（观点类题目）说明写作目的（其他类型题目）,写法一：阐述自己的观点和立场(支持反对或者中立)In my opinion在我看来：in my submission,a
16、s I see it,from my point of view,from my perspective,It is my considered view that,Personally,I am in favor of the former/later opinion.(=I am,personally,in favor of)结构：开场词+观点的表达开场词：to be frankhonest,franklyhonestly(speaking)坦诚地说，老实说,assuredly,indeed,admittedly 表示支持的动词：support,favor,espouse，prop up，
17、stand by，sustain，brace，subscribe to表示反对的动词：object，oppose，protest，combat，go against，have an objection to,也可以说“我是的支持者/反对者”I am a supporter of the argument/theory/standpoint thatBeingAs the supporter of the former/later argument,I hold the perspective that 支持者：supporter;sustainer;proponent 反对者：discomme
18、nder，dissenter，foe，objector opponent,写法二：说明写作目的、简单描述中间内容（针对观点类之外题目）Here,I would like to explore the complicated topicissue from different aspects.,This mini essay will compare and contrast the benefits and downsides in a comprehensive perspective/from various angles.(用于讨论优缺点的题目）优点：merit，pro,positive
19、 side,shining side strongpoint,benefit,virtue,缺点：demerit，con,negative side，dark side,weak point,shortcoming,drawback，defect，blemish，flaw，imperfection*This mini essay will elaborate on both sides considerately and finally voice my argument.（用于讨论加观点类题目）,问题类的开头段和前两类的介绍段一样，我们同样用三句话完成介绍段的写作，第一句的背景句写作，问题类
20、和观点类、讨论类的写法是一样的，不同的是第二句的题目的改写和第三句的写法。例如：TOPIC：What are the causes and solutions of the problem of the scarcity of water resource?第一句：Water shortage is one of the most remarkable phenomena to address over the past decades.第二句：不是对题目进行同义的改写，而是直接关注问题产生的原因。There are many factors contributing to/leading to this problem.第三句：阐明文章要讨论的内容。Some of the most common factors will be discussed below,followed by some responsible solutions.,
