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1、中考英语复习方案语法部分,第二篇 句法宾语从句,复习要点1.宾语从句的主要类型2.宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况（1）引导词（2）宾语从句的语序（3）宾语从句的时态（4）宾语从句的否定形式（5）宾语从句中的特殊情形,The Object Clause 宾语从句 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词(连接词）+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。,宾语从句的主要类型 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法
2、作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said(that)he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know(that)she is seriously ill.I am sure(that)he will succeed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who(whom)they are waiting foe?(宾语）He asked whose handwrit
3、ing was the best.（定语）Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?（表语）I dont know why the train is late.（状语）3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if(whether)he lives there.He asked me whether(if)I could help him.,难点链接,宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况 1.引导词 由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：e.
4、g.He said（that）he had a new dictionary.I know(that)Lucy can play football very well.但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个 that 不能省略。e.g.I know(that)Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now.,难点链接,由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 连用，而 if 不
5、能。e.g.I want to know whether(if)she still lives there.Please tell me whether you can come or not.由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how 等引导。e.g.I dont know whose book it is.Do you know where our English teacher lives?The teacher asked what was happening.He wanted to know why yo
6、u can play the piano so well.,难点链接,2.宾语从句的语序 1.无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。e.g.Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum?He asked him where he came from.Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？Please tell me where I can buy the beautif
7、ul flower.,难点链接,2.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。e.g.I asked Tom,“What do you like best?”I asked Tom what he liked best.The teacher asked me:“Have you read the book?”The teacher asked me if I have read the book.He asked,“Who
8、can carry the box?”He asked who could carry the box.,难点链接,3.宾语从句的时态1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。如：I dont think(that)you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从而达到主句和从句的相
9、互一致。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S.soon.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。例如：He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.The teacher told the stud
10、ents that no news is good news.We should know what he said is only the truth.I know that he is an excellent student.The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.,难点链接,4.宾语从句的否定形式 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：I dont t
11、hink its going to rain.I dont believe she will lend you the money.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：I think he is wrong,isnt he?He thinks he is right,doesnt he?,难点链接,5.宾语从句中的特殊情形 在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：1）句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用“to”或“not to”的句式来连接。e.g.Dont open the door.（用 th
12、ey 作主语变为宾语从句）They ask not to open the door.2）代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。e.g.“I come from Canada”,Lucy says.Lucy says that she comes from Canada.,难点链接,3）若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。e.g.I asked Tom,“What do you like
13、best?”I asked Tom what he liked best.The teacher asked me:“Have you read the book?”The teacher asked me if I have read the book.He asked,“Who can carry the box?”He asked who could carry the box.,难点链接,4）不能用if，只能用whether的四种情况：a.在介词后Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.b.直接与or not连用时I dont know
14、whether or not they will come to help us.c.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.d.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhether this is true or not,I cant say.,难点链接,5)句型转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。e.g.Ive no idea what were going to do next.Ive no idea what t
15、o do next.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?Could you tell me how to get to the post office?,难点链接,1.Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A.where does she live B.Where she livesC.where did she live D.where she lived【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2.Would you please tell
16、 me _?A.when did he come home B.where he would play football C.if he had seen the film D.why he didnt watch the game【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3.I dont know when _.A.will the train leave B.the train will leave C.would the train leave D.the train leave【解析】答案：B。该题考查
17、的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4.-We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A.what he is B.if he lives here C.where he comes from D.which country is he from【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性。只有C符合要求。,例题解析,5 Could you tell me?AMrs.King where lives Bwhere does Mrs.King live Cwhere Mrs.King liv
18、es DMrs.King lives where答案 C.析 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。6-Can you tell me?-Sure Shes a nurseAwhere is your sister Bwhere your sister is Cwhat is your sister Dwhat your sister is答案 D.析 who 问的是姓名，如：Who is he?He is Smith 或 He is my father What 问的是职业，如：What is he?/what does he do?He is a teacher.7 Could you tell
19、 me?Awhen the train will arrive Bwhen the train arrived Cwhen did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arrives答案 A.析 could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。,例题解析,8-Could you tell me?-Yes，They to the libraryAwhere are the twins，have been Bwhere were the twins，have beenCwhere the twins are，have g
20、oneDwhere the twins were，have gone 答案 C.析 have been to 是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。have gone to 是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。9 I dont know to read the wordAwhich Bwhat Cwhose Dhow答案 D.析 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word，所以应用疑问副词 how。10 I wonder Awhose bicycle is it Bit is whose bicycleCis it whose bicycle Dwhose bic
21、ycle it is答案 D.析 wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。,例题解析,从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。1.I dont know _ he will come tomorrow._ he comes,Ill tell you A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If 2.I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A.when does he come B.how will he come C.if he comes D.whether hell come 3.Could you
22、tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A.what B.how C.whether D.where 4.Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A.how did he mend B.what did he mend C.how he mendedD.what he mended 5.I want to know _.A.whom is she looking after B.whom she is looking C.whom is she looking D.whom she is looking afte
23、r,例题解析,D,D,D,C,D,6.Do you know where _ now?A.he lives B.does he live C.he lived D.did he live 7.Do you know what time _?A.the train leaveB.does the train leaveC.will the train leave D.the train leaves 8.I dont know _.Can you tell me,please?A.how the two players are old B.how old are the two players
24、C.the two players are how old D.how old the two players are 9.The small children dont know _.A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what in their stockings 10.I cant understand _.A.what does Christmas mean B.what Christmas does mean C.what mean Chri
25、stmas does D.what Christmas means,A,D,D,B,D,例题解析,11.He said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.A.that B.where C.which D.what 12.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if 13.A:Could you tell me _ she is look
26、ing for?B:Her cousin,Susan.A.that B.whose C.who D.which14.I want to know_.A.what is his name B.whats his name C.that his name is D.what his name is 15.Could you tell me_?A.when did Tom come back B.when does Tom come back C.when Tom will come back D.when Tom comes back,A,D,C,D,C,例题解析,16.A:Could you t
27、ell me _?B:Im not sure.A.how many people have been out of hospital B.when is Thanksgiving Day C.which animal does he like best D.what time will the dolphin show start 17.Mr.King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A.when does his son come home B.when his son comes home C.when did his son come homeD.when
28、his son came home 18.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _Christmas Day.A.is B.was C.has been D.which 19.I wonder _ you would like to come to my birthday party.A.that B.whether C.that if D.that whether 20.A:Im waiting for the mail.Do you know _ it will arrive?B:Usually it comes by 4:00.A.
29、how B.where C.when D.what,A,D,A,B,C,例题解析,21.Do you know _ during the coming holiday?A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do C.what Tom will do D.what Tom did 22.The teacher told us that light _ much faster than sound.A.travels B.traveled C.would travel D.had traveled 23.Do you know if _ back next week?
30、If he _ back,please let me know.A.he comes,will come B.will he come,comes C.he will come,comes D.will he come,will come 24.The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take25.Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never goneB.had never goneC.has never be
31、enD.had never been,C,A,C,A,D,例题解析,26.The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A.had B.has.C.will have D.are27.She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A.could she B.she could C.she can D.she may28 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled29.
32、Can you tell me_ you were born,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that30.I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.whatB.if C.when D.where,C,B,C,C,B,例题解析,31.I hardly understand._ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who 32.She didnt know_ back soon.A.whether he would be B.if would he beC.he will be D.if he
33、will come33.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?what B when C why D how34.He asked me _told me the accident A whom B whichC whoD whose35.They dont know _their parents are.A thatB what C whyD which,B,A,A,C,B,例题解析,36.Please tell me _ last year.A.where does your sister work B.where did you
34、r sister work C where your sister works D.where your sister worked37.She asked me if I knew _A.whose pen is itB.whose pen it wasC.whose pen it isD.whose pen was it38.Did you know _?A.who he was looking after B.who was he looking for C.who he is looking for D.who he is looking after39.Could you tell
35、me _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave Beijing C.when they will leave BeijingD.when did they leave Beijing40.Could you tell me_?A.where do you live B.who you are waiting for C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in,D,B,A,C,B,例题解析,按要求转换句型。1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in Chin
36、a?Could you tell us?（改写句子）Could you tell us _Mr.Brown _ living in China?2.Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.（变为复合句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3.Jim is not a student.Tom is not a student,either.（合并为一个句子）_Jim _Tom is a student.4.When does the train leave?I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）I wa
37、nt to know _ the train _.5.They went home after they had finished their homework.(用notuntil改写)They _ go home _ they had finished their homework,If enjoys,If needs,Neither nor,when leaves,didnt until,例题解析,6.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _
38、 here yesterday7.How does he get on with his new classmates?Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Could you tell me how _ _ on with his new classmates?8.What is he doing there?Mother didnt know.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句Mother didnt know what _ _doing there.9.Youd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough befo
39、re you try it on.(改错)10.Whats his name?I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I asked him what _ _ _.,If came,he goes,he was,his name was,例题解析,11.Why didnt he look happy?Could you tell me?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Could you tell me why _ _look happy?12.Does he still live in that street?I dont know(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)I dont know _
40、he still _ in that street.7)Whose children is the old woman looking after?Did you find out?（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Did you find out whose children the old woman _ _after?13.The moon moves round the earth.My sister told me.（同上）My sister told me _ the moon_ round the earth.14.I think it is not going to snow tom
41、orrow.（改错）15.Do you want to try something new。Toms mother asked him.(同义句转换)Toms mother asked him_ _ _to try something new.,he didnt,If lives,was looking,that moves,If he wanted,例题解析,同义句转换1.Jim said:“The fastest way to travel is by plane.”Jim said _ the fastest way to travel _ by plane.2.The teacher
42、said to us:“Spring comes after winter.”The teacher _ _ _ spring _ after winter.3.He cant work out the problem.I believe.I _ _ _ _work out the problem.4.How can we get to the plane?I dont know.I dont know _ _ _get to the plane.5.Where did you find the book?Could you tell me?Could you tell me _ _ _the
43、 book?6.Who has left for Haikou?Nobody knows.Nobody knows _ _ _ _Haikou.7.Will you go there by bus?Have you made a decision?Have you decided _ _ _there by bus?8.Mrs.White told Tom that he shouldnt throw paper on the ground.Mrs.White told Tom _ _ _paper on the ground.9.I dont know why they are standing there.I dont know _ they are standing there _.,that is,told us that comes,believe that he cant,how we can,where you found,who has left for,If youll go,not to throw,what for,例题解析,See you next time!,
