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1、第4章,1,INCOTERMS基本情况,标题解字：INCOTERMS由International Commercial Terms三字合成INCOTERMS标题译文的由来：INCOTERMS的早期版本有副标题：International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms，我国通常译为国际贸易术语解释通则，简称通则，本课件译为国际贸易价格术语解释通则。什么是INCOTERMS？INCOTERMS是国际商会制订、解释各种价格术语的一套规则，反映货物买卖合同中企业对企业的贸易实务，界定货物由卖方交付给买方过程中所涉及的工作、费用和风险界限。4.版
2、本：最初版本是INCOTERMS 1936，最新版本是INCOTERMS 2010，20世纪80年代以来，我国使用过INCOTERMS 1980、1990、2000、2010等四个版本。,第4章,2,INCOTERMS 2010相对以往版本的重大变化,INCOTERMS 2010首次用副标题声明，INCOTERMS不仅适用于国际贸易，而且适用于国内贸易。INCOTERMS 2000涵盖的范围只限于销售合同当事人的权利义务中与已售货物交货有关的事项，货物指“有形的”货物，不包括“无形的”货物，如电脑软件等。而INCOTERMS 2010不再局限于“有形的”货物，不再排除“无形的”货物。INCOT
3、ERMS 2010不仅适用于传统的单次买卖，而且适用于货物在运送至销售链终端的过程中被多次转卖的链式销售(string sales)。INCOTERMS 1990及INCOTERMS 2000按术语第一个字母将术语分为四组，INCOTERMS 2010改为按术语适用的运输方式将术语分为两组，凸显了价格术语为适应运输方式的发展而演变的轨迹。首次在FOB,CFR,CIF这三个经典术语的定义中取消过去长期沿用的“船舷”的概念，不再设定“船舷”的界限，强调卖方承担货物装上船只之前的一切风险，买方承担货物自装运港装上船只之后的一切风险。INCOTERMS 2010首次提出安全通关的要求，在各个术语的A2
4、/B2 和A10/B10条款中界定买方和卖方之间获取或协助提供安全通关信息的义务，例如，安全监管链信息。,第4章,3,INCOTERMS 2010，11种术语，分为两组,第4章,4,Free on BoardFOB(insert named port of shipment,插入指定装运港)Incoterms 2010例4.1 FOB Shanghai,China Incoterms 2010,简略定义：FOB是指，买方安排船只，支付装运港到目的港运费，卖方在指定装运港交货。货物装上船只时，风险和费用从卖方转移到买方。FOB仅适用于船舶运输。,第4章,5,FOB defined in INCO
5、TERMS 2010,“Free on Board”means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered.The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel,and the buyer bears all cost
6、s from that moment onwards.,第4章,6,Remarks on the above definition,This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment.The reference to“procure”here caters for mu
7、ltiple sales down a chain(string sales),particularly common in the commodity trades.FOB may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel,for example goods in containers,which are typically delivered at a terminal.In such situations,the FCA rule sh
8、ould be used.FOB requires the seller to clear the goods for export,where applicable.However,the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import,pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.,第4章,7,Division of tasks,costs,and risks under FOB in INCOTERMS 2010,A THE SELLERS OB
9、LIGATIONSB THE BUYERS OBLIGATIONSA1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent
10、 electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the pa
11、rties or customary.,第4章,8,A2 Licenses,authorizations,security clearances and other formalities,Where applicable,the seller must obtain,at its own risk and expense,any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.B2 License
12、s,authorizations,security clearances and other formalitiesWhere applicable,it is up to the buyer to obtain,at its own risk and expense,any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country.,第4章
13、,9,A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance,a)Contract of carriageThe seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage.However,if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time,the seller may contract fo
14、r carriage on usual terms at the buyers risk and expense.In either case,the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and,if it does,shall promptly notify the buyer.b)Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance.However,the seller must pro
15、vide the buyer,at the buyers request,risk,and expense(if any),with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.B3 Contracts of carriage and insurancea)Contract of carriageThe buyer must contract,at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment,except wher
16、e the contract of carriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a).b)Contract of insurance The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance.,第4章,10,A4 Delivery,The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the l
17、oading point,if any,indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered.In either case,the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer,the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose.B4 Taking deliveryThe buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered as envisaged in A4.,
