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1、1 of 49,MT8820A-E-H-1-(2.00),CDMA基站测试,1 CDMA物理层介绍2 CDMA基站测试项目3 1xEVDO介绍4 EVDO基站测试项目,cdma2000 Evolution,IS-95,IS-95-A,TIA/EIA-95-B,J-STD-008TSB-74,cdma20001xRelease 0,cdma20001xRelease A,cdma20001xRelease B,cdma20001xRelease C,cdma20001xRelease D,cdma2000 3x,cdma2000 1xEV DO(Rev 0),cdma2000 1xEV DO(R
2、ev A),cdma2000 1xEV DO(Rev B),1 CDMA物理层,CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)标准：,IS-95A IS-95A/B：2G移动通信标准也称为 cdmaOne.IS-2000 IMT-2000的一种3G通信标准 也被称为cdma20001xEV-DO Release 0 1xEV-DO 被规划用于优化数据传输，最高可支持2.4Mbps 的传输速率，支持多媒体业务如MP3，video等传输1xEV-DO Release A 1xEV-DO Release 0的升级,CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev A 可提供更高数率的
3、上下行连接，前向最高可达到 3.1 Mbps,反向最高 1.8 Mbps.Rev A 在载波带宽不变的情况下（1.25 MHz）也提供了更高的小区容量。,多种RF信道带宽快速前向链路功率控制前向链路发送分集Turbo码技术反向链路相干解调灵活的帧长cdma系统时间多选择的长交织器,1 CDMA物理层,关键技术,扩频速率(Spreading Rate,SR)SR1:前向和反向cdma信道在单载波上都是采用码片速率为1.2288Mcps 的直接序列扩谱 SR3:前向信道有3个载波，每个载波的码片速率为1.2288Mcps，反向信 道在单载波上采用码片速率为3.6864Mcps的直接序列扩频无线配置
4、(Radio Configuration,RC)RC是指一系列前向或反向业务信道的工作模式，每种RC支持一套数据 速率，其差别在于物理信道的各种参数，包括各种调制特性和扩频速率等无线传输技术(Radio TransmissionTechnology,RTT),1 CDMA物理层,Spreading Rate 1 and Spreading Rate 3,1 CDMA物理层,CDMA Channel Generation,1 CDMA物理层,CDMA Carrier(Cellular Band),1 CDMA物理层,CDMA Carrier(Cellular Band),CDMA Carrier
5、,30KHz,283,42 Channels,304,261,1 CDMA物理层,CDMA Carrier(PCS Band),1.25MHz,1.25MHz,ReverseCDMA Channel,ForwardCDMA Channel,80 MHz,Frequency,ChannelFrequency,251851.25 MHz,251931.25 MHz,1 CDMA物理层,CDMA Carrier(PCS Band),CDMA Carrier,50KHz,25,25 Channels,1 CDMA物理层,Radio Configurations,Radio Configuration:
6、A set of Forward Traffic Channel and Reverse Traffic Channel transmission formats that are characterized by Physical Layer parameters such as transmission rates,modulation characteristics,and spreading ratecdma2000 Radio Configurations:RC1 through RC9 on the Forward link RC1 through RC6 on the Rever
7、se link,1 CDMA物理层,Forward Link Radio Configurations,1 CDMA物理层,Reverse Link Radio Configurations,1 CDMA物理层,快速前向链路功率控制,移动台在检测了前向链路的Eb/N0后送出功率控制比特功率控制比特与反向导频信道复用功率控制比特不进行编码，避免编码，成帧和解码等造成的时延功率控制速率是固定的800次/秒,1 CDMA物理层,前向链路的发送分集,多载波发送分集(MCTD)对于MC方式，不同的天线采用不同的载波正交发送分集(OTD)对于DS方式，可以通过分离数据流，采用正交序列扩展两个数据流来完成,
8、1 CDMA物理层,Forward Link Channel Function,Pilot ChannelThe most strongest and most obvious signal,about 15%of total power;Provides a phase reference for coherent demodulation;Provides multipath detection for Rake receiver;Provide a means for signal strength comparisons between base stations for determ
9、ining when to handoff.Diversity Pilot ChannelThe pilot channel and the发射分集导频信道（transmit diversity pilot channel）provide phasereferences for coherent demodulation of forward link CDMA channels which employ transmit diversity.Auxiliary Pilot ChannelAn auxiliary pilot channel is required for forward li
10、nk spot beam and antenna beam forming applications,and provides a phase reference for coherent demodulation of those forward link CDMA channels associated with the auxiliary pilot.Transmit Diversity Pilot ChannelA transmit diversity pilot channel associated with an auxiliary pilot channel.,1 CDMA物理层
11、,Forward Link Channel Function,Dedicated Control ChannelCo-exist with other traffic channels Transmit Upper Layer Signaling,MAC messages,and RLP framesProvides Conduit for messaging instead of Fundamental Channel dim/blank and burstBroadcast Control Channel Broadcast only overhead messages and SMS m
12、essages.removes the overhead messages from paging channel to a separate channelQuick Paging ChannelSignal sent by a base station to inform mobile stations operating in the slotted mode during the idle state whether to receive the Paging Channel starting in the next Forward Paging Channel frame.,1 CD
13、MA物理层,Forward Link Channel Function,Sync Channel Transports the synchronization message to the mobile station.Paging ChannelTransmission of control information and pages from a base station to mobile stations.Broadcast system messages,channel,and neighbor pilots information to MS 9600 or 4800 bps,20
14、ms frame durationForward Common Control Channel and Broadcast Control Channel Transmission of digital control information from a base station to one or more mobile stations.Common Assignment ChannelUsed by the base station to acknowledge a mobile station accessing the Enhanced Access Channel or Rese
15、rvation Access Mode.Common Power Control ChannelThe Common Power Control Channel is used by mobile stations operating in the Power Controlled Access Mode or Reservation Access Mode.,1 CDMA物理层,Reverse Link Channel Function,Access Channel Common channels used for communication of layer 3 and MAC messa
16、ges from mobile to base station.The Access Channel is used for short signaling message exchanges,such as call originations,responses to pages,and registrations.Reverse Pilot Channel Assists the BS to detect a MS transmission Provides continuous channel estimation and reverse link power control for f
17、orward link(RC3 to RC6)Preamble of R-EACH,R-CCCH,and R-TCH Reverse Dedicated Channel Co-exist with other traffic channels Transmit Upper Layer Signaling,MAC messages,and RLP frames,1 CDMA物理层,Reverse Link Channel Function,Reverse Enhanced Access Channel Working in modes.Basic Access Mode,mode,and Res
18、ervation Mode,closed loop power control Frame duration shall be 20,10,or 5 ms in duration Used jointly with R-CCCH when works in Reservation ModeReverse Common Control Channel Used for the transmission of user and signaling information to BS when Reverse Traffic Channels are not in use.Two modes,Res
19、ervation mode and Designated mode Variable data rates of 9.6,19.2,and 384.Kbps 20,10,or 5 ms in frame duration Each R-CCCH is associated with a single F-CCCH,1 CDMA物理层,2 Cdma基站测量标准：C.S0010-C,Cdma基站测试项目,频率覆盖频率稳定度相位精度波形质量子信道前向功率控制平均功率测量导频功率测量码域功率测量带外杂散发射互调占用带宽,Cdma测试注意事项,确保输入正确的频点，Input=RF，注意仪表的最大输入电平
20、，安全操作Forward(RC1-2)：IS95基站；Forward(RC3-5)：2000基站确保输入正确的频点,2 Cdma基站测量,Frequency ToleranceDefinition Frequency tolerance is defined as the maximum allowed difference between the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and the specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment.This test shall apply to every b
21、and class that the base station supports.Minimum Standard For all operating temperatures specified by the manufacturer,the average frequency difference between the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment shall be less than 5 10-8 of the frequency assig
22、nment(0.05 ppm).,2 Cdma基站测量,Phase Tolerance Definition Pilot Channel to code channel phase tolerance is the permissible error in RF phase between the radiated Pilot Channel and the other channels within one Forward CDMA Channel.Minimum Standard The phase differences between the Pilot Channel and all
23、 other code channels sharing the same Forward CDMA Channel should not exceed 0.05 radians and shall not exceed 0.15 radians.,2 Cdma基站测量,Waveform quality Definition Waveform quality is measured by determining the normalized correlated power between the actual waveform and the ideal waveform.Minimum S
24、tandardFor all base stations,the normalized cross correlation coefficient,shall be greater than 0.912(excess power 0.97,2 Cdma基站测量,Total PowerDefinition Base station total power is the mean power delivered to a load with resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the transmitter.Minimum Stand
25、ard The total power shall remain within+2 dB and-4 dB of the manufacturers rated power,2 Cdma基站测量,Pilot Power Definition The Pilot Channel power to total power ratio is the power attributed to the Pilot Channel divided by the total power,and is expressed in dB.Minimum Standard The Pilot Channel powe
26、r to total power ratio shall be within 0.5 dB of the configured value.,2 Cdma基站测量,Code Domain Power Definition Code domain power is the power in each code channel of a CDMA Channel.Minimum Standard If the base station supports RC10,the mean code domain power shall be 31.5 dB or more below the total
27、mean output power,2 Cdma基站测量,Spurious Emissions Definition Conducted spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies that are outside the assigned CDMA Channel,measured at the base station RF output port.Minimum Standard Refer to Spec,2 Cdma基站测量,Inter-Base Station Transmitter IntermodulationDefiniti
28、on Inter-base station transmitter intermodulation occurs when an external signal source is introduced to the antenna connector of the base station.This test verifies that base station conducted spurious emissions are still met with the presence of the interfering source.Minimum Standard The base sta
29、tion shall meet the conducted spurious emission requirements,2 Cdma基站测量,Occupied BandwidthDefinition The occupied bandwidth is defined as the frequency range,whereby the power of emissions averaged over the frequency above and under the edge frequency are 0.5%each of the total radiation power of a m
30、odulated carrier.Minimum Standard The occupied bandwidth shall not exceed 1.48MHz for Spreading Rate 1 and 4.6MHz for Spreading Rate 3,3 EVDO介绍,EVDO介绍,1xEV-DO 主要优化了数据传输,其峰值速率 2.4 Mbps并支持多媒体如MP3，video conferencing的传输.1xEV-DO introduces some terminology that differs from cdma2000.Access Terminal(AT)-A
31、 mobile device equipped with a radio modem and a data interface,allowing the user to access a packet data network through the 1xEV-DO access network.Access Network(AN)-This network equipment performs the same role as a base station,providing data connectivity between a packet-switched data network s
32、uch as the internet and the ATs.,Forward Link Physical Channel,ARQ,TDM of Forward Link Channel,Data,400 chips,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Active Slot,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Pilot,96,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Data,400 chips,Data,400 chips,64,Pilot,96,chips,64,Data,400 chips,chips,1024 chips=half slo
33、t,1024 chips=half slot,System time,1 Slot,8 Slots,1 slot=1.667 ms,1/2 frame=13.33 ms,Frame=26.67 ms,16 Slots,4 Slots,2 Slots,4 slot=6.66 ms,2 slot=3.33 ms,Idle Slot,Reverse Link Physical Channel,Reverse,Channels,Pilot,Medium,Access,Control,Data,Reverse Rate,Indicator,(RRI),Data Rate,Control,(DRC),Pi
34、lot,Data,Traffic,Access,Ack,Auxiliary Pilot,Data Source,Control,(DSC),Reverse Link Frame Structure,Reverse Link Frame Structure,cdma20001x EV DO Rev 0,Optimized support for downlink intensive(asymmetric),delay-tolerant applicationsWeb browsing,File Transfer,WAP etcGoalsCapacity and Coverage Enhancem
35、entSupport for QoSCapacity EnhancementForward Link 2.4Mbps peak data ratePhysical Layer H-ARQ Multi-user diversity schedulerDiversity reception Reverse Link153.6Kbps peak data rateReverse rate is controlled by several factors,cdma20001x EV DO Rev A,Physical LayerImproved support for QoS-sensitive se
36、rvicesRapid connection setup with improved terminal battery lifeHigher rate access channel(up to 38.4kbps)with shorter preamble(4-slots)Short inter-transmit interval on control channel Short packet control channel(4-slots)in Idle state Efficient resource allocation for both low latency and delay tol
37、erant data sourcesAN controlled tradeoff(per flow)between capacity and latencyFiner rate quantizationAdditional data rates on Forward Link and Reverse LinkLatency target determines effective data rateImproved packing efficiencyMulti-user packets on Forward Link-A single physical layer packet can car
38、ry data for multiple ATsHigher peak data rates3.1Mbps on Forward Link(2.45 Mbps in 1x EV DO Rev 0)1.8Mbps on Reverse Link(153.6 Kbps in 1x EV DO Rev 0),EVDO基站测试标准：C.S0032-A,EVDO基站测试,测试项目Frequency CoverageFrequency TolerancePilot Channel Time ToleranceWaveform QualityRPC Channel time ResposeForward T
39、raffic Channel Response to ACK ChannelTotal Output PowerPilot/MAC Channel PowerCode Domain Power Conducted Spurious EmissionsInter-Sector Transmitter IntermodulationOccupied Bandwidth,EVDO基站测试,Frequency Coverage Frequency Tolerance Definition The frequency tolerance is defined as the maximum allowed
40、 difference between the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and the specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment.This test shall apply to every band class that the sector supports.Minimum Standard For all operating temperatures specified by the manufacturer,the average frequency difference betwee
41、n the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment shall be less than 5 10-8 of the frequency assignment(0.05 ppm).,EVDO基站测试,Waveform QualityDefinition The waveform quality is measured by determining the normalized correlated power between the actual wavefo
42、rm and the ideal waveform.This test is performed with a single carrier and single sector only.Minimum Standard The normalized cross correlation coefficient pilot shall be greater than 0.97(excess power 13 0.13 dB).The normalized cross correlation coefficient MAC shall be greater than 0.912(excess po
43、wer 0.4 dB).The normalized cross correlation coefficient data shall be greater than 0.97(excess power 0.13 dB)for all data rates.,EVDO基站测试,Total PowerDefinition Within each slot,the Pilot,MAC,and Traffic or Control Channels shall be time-division multiplexed.All time-division multiplexed channels sh
44、all be transmitted at equal power.This test measures the time response of the mean output power for non-idle slots and the mean power at the RF output port.Minimum Standard,EVDO基站测试,Pilot/MAC Channel PowerDefinition The Pilot/MAC Channels are transmitted in bursts of 224 chips every half slot.In idl
45、e slots(when there is no data to transmit on the Control or Forward Traffic Channels)these bursts are gated in time.This test measures the time response of the mean output power for idle slots(Pilot/MAC bursts).Minimum Standard,EVDO基站测试,Conducted Spurious EmissionsDefinition The conducted spurious e
46、missions are emissions at frequencies that are outside the assigned CDMA Channel,measured at the sector RF output port.Conducted spurious emissions are measured for two test conditions:Case 1:Continuous Data Mode(no idle slots)Case 2:Idle Mode(all idle slots,except the Control Channel).Note:Inhibiti
47、ng Control Channel transmissions is optional for Case 2.Minimum Standard Refer to standard.,EVDO基站测试,Inter-Sector Transmitter IntermodulationDefinition The inter-sector transmitter intermodulation occurs when an external signal source is introduced to the antenna connector of the sector.This test ve
48、rifies that conducted spurious emissions are still met with the presence of the interfering source.Minimum Standard Refer to standard.,EVDO基站测试,Occupied BandwidthDefinition The occupied bandwidth is defined as the frequency range,whereby the power of emissions averaged over the frequency above and under the edge frequency are 0.5%each of the total radiation power of a modulated carrier.Minimum Standard The occupied bandwidth shall not exceed 1.48MHz.,
