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1、处理英语长句的翻译技巧注意英语长句的特点注意汉语长句的特点翻译英语长句的步骤分析-前提与原则翻译英语长句的步骤安排,处理英语长句的翻译技巧,注意英语长句的特点 由于连词、冠词、介词等功能词的作用以及各种非谓语动词、谓语动词和代表不同逻辑关系的从句等结构形式的存在，使英语长句的特点表现为修饰语多，联合成份多，结构复杂，但是表达效果条理清晰，脉络分明。例如：,We are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs which have been regarded as unnecessary
2、or,on the other hand,using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living.,我们面临着一种选择：要么利用技术来提供并满足一直被视为并无必要的各种需求，要么利用技术来缩短人们为了维持一定的生活水准而必须工作的时数。,注意汉语长句的特点 汉语长句字数较多，结构较复杂，含有多层意思。但是由于倾向于短句的使用，所以通过合理的安排，在表达效果上也能做到层次清楚，含义清晰，语气连贯。例如：,你们将要进行
3、考察的这座城市，曾经是闻名世界的四大文明古城之一。摆在你们面前的印刷品，会使你们对该城市有个基本概念：它如何形成；从初具雏形它就带着何种与生俱来的发展趋势；而这些趋势又如何使它在建筑风格上形成今天这种格局。,You will have a general idea from the handout which you have in front of you of how this city originated,which had once been one of the worlds four famous civilized cities and into which an invest
4、igation is going to be made;of what developmental trends were built into it,as it were,from the very outset;and of how these trends have made what it is today in its architectural style.,翻译英语长句的步骤分析-前提与原则 英译汉长句之间的转换在于分清原文的句子结构和所表达的概念、关系与功能。根据具体的分析结果，结合汉语表达的句式、关键连词与合理的逻辑顺序，通过一定的翻译技巧将原文译出。,分清主次：重点在于找准
5、简单句的主干、并列句的侧重点及复合句的关系性质。,把握语态：将英语被动句译成汉语被动句。,遵循英语长句翻译的两个分析原则:,翻译英语长句的步骤安排,紧缩主干 2.区分主从 3.辨析词义4.分清层次 5.调整搭配 6.润饰选词,以下介绍几种常见的翻译技巧，但是由于翻译长句是一种难度较高的综合技能，因此在实际翻译过程中，往往几种方式同时使用。,顺译分段法 2.拆译法 3.倒置法 4.重组法,在以后的单元里将对这几种方法进行详细的介绍。,处理英语长句的翻译技巧顺译分段法,处理英语长句的翻译技巧,（一）顺译分段法,顺译分段法，故名思义，即基本上按照英语句子的语序把英语长句化整为零。根据对原文分析的结果
6、，在语句的连接处，如关联词语处，并列或转折处，后续成份与主体连接处等地方，按意群将长句断开后译成若干汉语分句。,In reading,we appear to enter into a world of imagination,a few people seek refuge from reality in this and always prefer it to the world of everyday,but they are missing the full significance if they do so.,读书时，我们进入了一个想象的世界，一些人在那个世界中寻求现实的避难所，并
7、总以为那个世界比现实世界好，但是，他们如果这样做的话，就失去了读书的全部意义。,The electronic notebook will serve as memo files in which the scientist records thoughts for preservation,descriptions of experiments,drafts of reports,quotations and other materials extracted from other electronic files,and other types of information that wou
8、ld now be put in paper notebooks and other types of paper files.,电子笔记本可以作为具有备忘录性质的文件存储器，科学家可在其中记录下想要保存的想法、实验的描述、报告的初稿、从别的电子文件存储器中摘取的引文和其他资料，还可录入目前记载在纸质记录本或者以其他纸质文档形式存贮的任何其他类型信息。,We sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective effort to seek a just and practical solutio
9、n to the problem which has challenged the United Nations for so many years.,我们诚恳地希望，你们在表示祝贺之后，能采取与之呼应的共同行动，以寻求一个公正合理又切实可行的方案，来解决这个多年来一直困扰着联合国的难题。,1,The global economy that boomed in the 1960s,growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year,and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s,s
10、imply stopped growing from 1981 to 1982.,世界经济在60年代迅速繁荣，以年均5.5%的速度增长；到了70年代中期仍以年均4.5%的速度向前推进；但是从1981年到1982年增长就完全停滞。,2,处理英语长句的翻译技巧 拆译法,处理英语长句的翻译技巧,（二）拆译法,拆译法就是将英语句子中有些成分，比如词、词组、插入成分或者从句，从句子的主干中拆分出来处理，或变成短句，或变成独立句等。这些成分可改变位置，但是要利于译文句子的总体安排，使译文自然、通顺。,The number of young people in the United States who c
11、annot read is incredible-about one in four.（单词拆译）,大约四分之一的美国年轻人不具备阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。,Let us admit,and regret,that he honestly believes it impossible to differ from him.（单词拆译）,我们不得不承认，他真的相信凡与他抱不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子，这是令人遗憾的事。,There is a tide taken at the flood in the affairs not only of men but of women too,wh
12、ich leads on to fortune.（词组拆译）,人生在世，有时会走运，抓住时机，就能飞黄腾达，不但男性如此，女性也一样。,With the fear of,largely imaginary,plots against his leadership,his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.,由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的。,A friendly correspondence as neighbors and old acquaintances had
13、 continued between me and Mrs.Reads family,who all had a regard for me from the time of my first lodging in their house.（从句拆译）,从我第一次入住他们家开始，里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心，我们像是友好的邻居，又像是相识多年的老朋友那样，书信来往始终未断。,This land,which once barred the way of weary travelers,now has become a land for winter and summer vacations,a
14、 land of magic and wonder.（从句拆译）,现在此处已经成为冬夏两季的度假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观；而从前，筋疲力尽的旅游者到此只得止步。,Some men have been virtuous blindly,others have speculated fantastically,and others have been shrewd to bad purposes.（单词拆译）,有些人品行端正，但却不去推究为什么要这样做；有些人深思熟虑，但却流于脱离现实；有些人非常精明，但却把精明用于邪道。,Next door,a larger-than-expected audi
15、ence of 300 attended the Fifteenth International Conference on Environment Protection.（词组拆译）,隔壁大厅里，参加“第十五届国际环境保护大会”的人数竟达300名之多，这真是出乎意料。,On behalf of all of your American guests,I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.（从
16、句拆译）,我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世。,处理英语长句的翻译技巧 倒置法,处理英语长句的翻译技巧,（三）倒置法,倒置法是指在某种程度上将原文分段为若干个短小的句子，然后按照汉语逻辑与习惯表达的方式重新进行安排，这样原文的语序有全部或局部的变换，甚至译文各分句的顺序有可能与原文恰恰相反。,It is extraordinary that in all the years the British spent in Egypt they never got to know the real people of Egypt.（部分倒置
17、）,英国人在埃及消磨的岁月如此之长，而对真正的埃及人民却一无所知，这点颇不寻常。,Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.（部分倒置）,许多人常常宁愿牺牲较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。,And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend
18、had known his mother and the kind of place where he was born,and the kind of people among whom he was born.（全部倒置）,他出生在这类人中间，出生在这样的地方，他有这样的母亲，这些如果让他女朋友知道了的话，他明白有多么丢人。,A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slums when in the United States the intellectual poor became the
19、 classic poor,the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,a real phenomenon in the late fifties.（全部倒置）,50年代后期，美国出现了一种任何人都不可能视而不见的现象，穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人：正是在这个时候，大批大学毕业生被赶进知识分子贫民窟。,Any man on the street scarcely realizes that whereas the disappearance,or even what we
20、 see in some quarters,the continuous neglect and degradation of the teaching profession,must mean a disaster to the entire nation.（部分倒置）,如果没有教师这一职业，或者像在某些地区那样，教育事业长期不受重视并且每况愈下，那么就整个国家而言，这必将是一场灾难。这一点一般人很少认识到。,Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops
21、 and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.（全部倒置）,假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们，昆虫会吞噬我们所有的庄稼，害死我们的牛羊家畜，使我们不能生存于世。,处理英语长句的翻译技巧 重组法,处理英语长句的翻译技巧,（四）重组法,重组法的概念较为模糊。当原文的句子比较复杂、逻辑关系比较混乱的时候，可以尝试此种译法。在理清英语长句结构、理解原文意义的前提下，把英语长句译为若干个小分句，摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束，按照汉语的叙述习惯重新组合
22、句子。但是在翻译过程中还必须同时考虑对原文表达意义的轻重、方式以及语气。,The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the bigger problem of how to express it in rich,present-day Chinese,which ranges from the classical to the oral,both have to be solved in the course of translation.,理解英语文本是一个大问题。既然现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄，如何运用如此丰富多彩的文字
23、来表达英语原文含义是一个更大的问题。这两个问题在翻译过程中都要得到解决。,Learning is,in too many cases,a substitute for true knowledge.Books are less often made use of as spectacles with which to look at nature,than as blinds to keep out its strong light and shifting scenery from weak eyes and lazy persons.,书本理应是人们观察自然的透视镜，却常常被视力不佳和生性
24、懒惰的人用来遮光护眼，好使他们对自然的光芒和变化的景色视而不见。那种以学识替代真知的人真是太多了。,Law-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S.history.Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers,let alone criminals,are increasingly taking liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect them and their society.,法律和秩序是美国历史上持续时间最长、也可能是政治上最热门的话题。然而，如今数以百万计的美国人尽管从来不认为自己会违反法律，更不用说会成为罪犯，却在越来越随意地践踏那些专为保护他们和他们的社会而制定的法规。显而易见，这不能不使人痛心疾首。,
