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1、Progressive Translation 翻译篇,第三章 长句的翻译,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,练习题,运用顺译、逆译、分译或综合等方法翻译下列各长句。,As he lies awake in bed,listening to the sound of those razor sharp drops pounding on the pavement,his mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks,and a chill from within fills him with dre
2、ad.,他躺在床上，没有入睡，听着雨点落在路面山啪啪作响。他思绪万千，恍恍惚惚进入了一条幽暗的甬道，回想起许多痛苦的往事，心里一阵冰凉，不禁感到毛骨悚然。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(2)Dying patients especiallywho are easier to mislead and most often kept in the darkcan then not make decisions about the end of life:about whether or notthey should enter a hospital,or to have surgery;abo
3、ut where and with whom they should spend their remaining time;about how they should bring their affairs to a close and leave.,特别是濒临死亡的病人他们最易受骗或被人蒙在鼓里因而不能做出临终前的种种有关选择：是否要住进医院，是否要进行手术；在何处与何人共度最后的时光；以及怎样处理完自己的事务而后与世长辞。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(3)What is the nature of the scientific attitude,the attitude of the
4、 man and woman who studies and applies physics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicine or any other science?,科学的态度，即研究和应用物理学、生物学、化学、地质学、工程学、医学以及其他学科的人们的态度，其本质是什么呢？,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(4)There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician that the world press had made him
5、 out to be,an illusion which he failed to discourage because he has been said to have a tendency toward megalomania.,全世界报界曾经把基辛格渲染成魔术师一般的人物，而他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为据说他有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再像这样一种人物了，原因有这么几个。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(5)Congress has made laws requiring most pressure group to give information about how mu
6、ch they spend and how they spend it,the amount and sources of funds,membership,and names and salaries of their representatives.,国会已制定法律，要求大部分压力集团呈报他们花费了多少钱、怎样花的，以及款项的总额和来源、成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(6)The election system is such that such a large majority ordinarily cannot be attained on a m
7、ajor law unless at least large part of the three major groupsbusiness,agriculture,and laborsupport it.,除非某项重大议案获得商业、农业和劳工三大社会集团中至少大部分人的支持，否则这项议案通常也不能 获得（国会）中大多数人的支持。这就是所谓选举制。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(7)The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed
8、and developing countries would continue to widen.,声明宣称，国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续加大。,(8)The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs,even to run an electric motor,is almost unbelievable.,鱼能发电，其强度足以点亮小灯泡，甚至能开动马达，这简直令人难以置信。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(9)We sincere
9、ly hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective endeavor to seek a just and practical solution to the problem which has bedeviled the United Nations for so many years.,我们诚恳的希望，你们在表示祝贺之后，能做出相应的努力，以寻求一个公正而切实可行的办法，来解决这个多年来一直困扰着联合国的问题。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(10)As the correct solution of
10、any problem depends primarily on a true understanding of what the problem really is and wherein lies its difficulty,we may profitably pause upon the threshold of our subject to consider first,in a more general way,its real nature;the causes which impede sound practice;the condition on which success
11、or failure depends;the direction in which error is most to be feared.,任何问题的正确解决方案，主要取决于是否真正了解问题的实质及其困难所在。因此，在开始我们的课题时，先停下来全面地考虑一下它的实质、阻碍其正常进行的原因、决定其成败的各种条件、最担心出现失误的方面。这样做可能是有益的。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(11)It is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers
12、,let alone criminals,are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.,如今数以百万计的美国人尽管从来不认为自己会违反法律，更不用说会成为罪犯了，却正在越来越随便地践踏那些专为保护他们和为造福于他们的社会而制定的法规。显而易见，这不能不让人痛心疾首。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(12)In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes an
13、d colors.,门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。,(13)Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.,人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部出现了意见分歧。
14、,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(14)From agreement on this great goal,we have,unfortunately,in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals,and from there to total inaction.,遗憾的是，过去我们在这个总体目标方面意见是一致的，但在涉及到各个具体目标时，意见就不一致，因而也就根本没有什么行动。,(15)It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities,hospitals,larg
15、e businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them.,如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学、医院、大企业，甚至连科学技术也不会有。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(16)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning,of the ve
16、ry same kind,though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.,也许，在座的每一位每天都有机会进行一连串复杂的思维活动，这些思维活动与科学家在探索自然现象的起因时所经历的思维活动，尽管程度不同，但在类型上是一样的。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(17)This is not an easy lesson to learn,especially when we are young and think t
17、hat the world is ours to command,that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can,nay,will be ours.,这并不是容易学到手的一课。特别是当我们年轻的时候，这一课尤其难学。因为我们在青春时期年轻气盛，认为世界是由我们掌握的，只要我们满腔热情、全力以赴地去追求，不管什么东西都能得到不，就一定能得到。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,(18)When Smith was drunk,he used to beat his wife and daughter;a
18、nd the next morning,with a headache,he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius,and abuse,with a good deal of cleverness,and sometimes with perfect reason,the fools,his brother painters.,史密斯醉酒后常常殴打老婆和女儿。第二天早上虽然还在头痛，仍然继续发酒疯：不是满嘴牢骚，就是骂骂咧咧。他抱怨世人都不赏识他的才华；他痛骂他的画家同行都是笨蛋，骂的不但讥俏，而且有时也头头是道。,第一节
19、英语长句的翻译,练习题,(19)One of my best speeches was delivered in Hyde Park in torrents of rain to six policemen sent to watch me,plus only the secretary of the society that had asked me to speak,who held an umbrella over me.,我最精彩的一次演讲是在海德公园。当时大雨倾盆，听众只有六名被派来监视我的警察。邀请我做演讲的那个团体仅仅派来一个秘书，他替我打着伞。,第一节 英语长句的翻译,练习题,
20、(20)All over the world mention of English education suggests a picture of the“public schools”,and it suggests in particular the names of certain very famous institutionsEton,Oxford and Cambridge;but people do not always realize what place these institutions occupy in the whole educational system.Oxf
21、ord and Cambridge are university each having about 12,000 students out of a total of over 250,000 students at all British universities.Eton is a public school,and the best known of the public schools,which,in spite of their name,are not really public at all,but independent and private secondary scho
22、ols taking boys from the age of thirteen to eighteen years.The public schools in,第一节 英语长句的翻译,reality form a very small part of the whole system of secondary education;only about one out of 40 English boys goes to a public school,and one out of 1,500 goes to Eton.,在世界各地，一谈到英国教育，人们就会联想到一幅“公学”的画面，尤其会想到
23、某些非常著名的学府，如伊顿、牛津和剑桥，然而人们未必了解这些学府在英国整个教育体制中占有怎样的地位。英国各大学学生总数为25万多人，而牛津和剑桥两校各自约有学生12?000多名。伊顿是公学中声望最高的一所，这些学校虽名为公学，可事实上根本就不是公办学校，而是独立的私立中等学校，招收13到18岁的男孩入学。事实上，在整个中等教育体系中公学所占比重甚少。仅有1/40左右的英国男孩就读于公学，有1/1500就读于伊顿公学。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,练习题,一、翻译下列英语句子，注意主语从句的译法。,What is hard is to do good all ones life and never
24、do anything bad.,难的是一辈子做好事，不做坏事。,(2)What little she said has left us much to think about.,她说的短短几句话很发人深思。,(3)It is certain that they will all eventually turn to socialism.,可以肯定他们最后都必将转到社会主义方面来。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(4)That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in the town.,她被挑选上了，这在镇上引起了很大的震动。,(5)It is no
25、t known whether they will send a delegation to the conference,but we hope they will.,他们是否会派代表参加会议还不知道，但是我们希望他们会这样做。,(6)The localism of the party organization deserves close attention.It will be remembered that,in general,the Constitution left election laws to the states.,党派的地方性值得密切注意。我们知道（美国）宪法大体上是把
26、选举法留给各州制定的。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(7)What comes before realization is contemplation.If you avoid contemplation,you will never get to the realization.,完成计划之前必须深思熟虑。如果你不思考，就决不可能将计划付诸实施。,(8)What he had written showed that he had very good taste and a marvelous imagination.,他写的东西反映出他有很好的品位和丰富的想象力。,练习题,第二节 英语从
27、句的翻译,(9)Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.,此外，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力直接与其工农业生产的效率密切相关，而工农业生产的效率又依赖于各类科学家和科技人员的努力
28、。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(10)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as he driving force.,政府究竟是应该以减少对科技的投入来增加对纯科学的投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方（纯科学还是技术）看作是驱动力的问题。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,二、翻译下列英语句子，注意表语从句的译法。,W
29、hat he emphasized over and over again was that,no matter how difficult it might be,they should never retreat even for an inch.,他再三强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应该后退寸步。,(2)His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.,他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(3)If I had seen far
30、ther than other men,it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.,假如我比别人望得远一点，这是因为我已站在巨人的肩膀上。,(4)The fact is that the old lady believed her daughter to be the most beautiful girl in the world.,事实上，老太太以为她的女儿是天下最漂亮的女孩子。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(5)Her idea is that we should stick to our original plan.
31、,她的意见是我们应该按原计划行事。,(6)The question is what a diesel engine is,how it works and how it differs from a gasoline engine.,问题是什么是柴油机，它是如何工作的，它和汽油机有什么不同。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(7)The conclusion,drawn in one of the concluding paragraphs,is that American foreign policy goals can be attained by“maintaining a positi
32、on of strength”.,文章结尾有一段做出的结论是，美国只能通过“保持实力”才能达到对外政策的目的。,(8)The fact is that computers are of great aid to the development of science and technology.,事实是计算机十分有利于科学技术的发展。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(9)A characteristics feature of semiconductor is that their low electric conductivity can be substantially modified
33、 by the addition of minute quantities of impurities.,半导体的特征是：加入微量杂质可明显改变其低导电率。,(10)Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heaven to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.,伽利略的最伟大的成就是，1609年他第一个把
34、新发明的望远镜对准太空，以证明恒星围绕太阳转，而不是围绕地球转。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,三、翻译下列英语句子，注意宾语从句的译法。,A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain conditions.,科学原理告诉我们在一定条件下所发生的事情。,(2)I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do this kind of things.,我让你自己判断这种事该不该做。,练习题,(3)She had explained that intervi
35、ews were the only way to keep the case in public consciousness.,她曾解释说，接见记者是使民众不会忘记这桩事件的唯一办法。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(4)She kissed the necklace as she put it on,and vowed she would never,never part with it.,她吻了一下项链，把它戴上，发誓和它永不分离。,(5)She complained that with four kids running around her every day,she couldnt pos
36、sibly sit down and do something.,她抱怨说，四个孩子整天围着她转来转去，她简直没法坐下来干点事。,练习题,(6)He would never let his staff say of him that it was his disastrous mistake that ruined the whole company.,他决不肯让员工们说是他的可怕错误毁掉了整个公司。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(7)Everybody took it for granted that after what had happened,he would surely take th
37、e whole blame and resign.,大家都想当然地认为，发生了这样的事，他一定会引咎辞职的。,(8)Scientists explore what is and engineers create what has never been.,科学家探索客观存在的事物，而工程师创造从未有过的东西。,练习题,(9)Distribution in economics refers to the allocation of goods among consumersthat is,to the study of who gets how much of what.,经济学上的分配说的是商品
38、在消费者间的配给，就是研究谁得到什么，得了多少。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,练习题,(10)Americans sometimes feel that treating a guest as one of the family will make him feel more comfortable.Sometimes American families have“buffet”style dinners because they are informal and easier to serve,especially if there are several guests.,美国人有时觉得将客人当
39、作家中的一员看待会使他感到更加舒畅自如。有时他们用自助式家宴招待客人，因为这种方式既随便有易于招待，特别是家中有好几位客人的时候。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,四、翻译下列英语句子，注意同位语语从句的译法。,Ive come from Mr.Smith with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.,我从史密斯先生那儿来，他让我告诉你他今天下午来不了了。,(2)It is a fact that it has to be written very carefully into a job description just
40、 what a secretarys duties are,or she will be told to clean off the desk,pick up cleaning and the like.,显而易见，应当将秘书的职责写得一清二楚，不然就得告诉她们去擦桌子、倒垃圾以及诸如此类的事情。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(3)As an obedient son,I had accepted my fathers decision that I was to be a doctor,though the prospect interested me not at all.,作为一个孝
41、顺的儿子，我接受了父亲的决定去当医生，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。,(4)They demand a guarantee that no similar incident would occur again.,他们要求保证不再发生类似事件。,练习题,(5)He was allowed to go swimming on condition that he kept near the other boys.,让他去游泳的条件是他不要离开别的孩子。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(6)He went to the meeting on the supposition that people would
42、not assail him with questions.,他去参加了会议，心中以为人们不会向他提许多问题的。,(7)They marvel at the fact that China did it all on its own.,所有这些都是中国靠自己力量干的，对此他们感到十分惊讶。,练习题,(8)But it ignores the fact that,though pilots,we potentially were in as much danger of capture as any covert agent.,但却忽略了这一点，即虽说我们是飞行员，却和任何潜伏的特务一样有被俘的
43、危险。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(9)This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.,这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些政府得出这样的结论：一个政府想要对其科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详细预见
44、的。,(10)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.,这类持极端看法的人认为，人跟动物在每一个相关的方面都不相同，因此他们认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,五、翻译下列英语句子，注意定语从句的译法。,My assistant,who had carefully read t
45、hrough the instructions before doing his experiment,could not obtain satisfactory results,because he followed them mechanically.,尽管我的助手在做实验之前已从头到尾仔细地阅读过说明书，但由于他死搬硬套，所以没有得到满意的结果。,(2)He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.White,who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.,他似乎不
46、愿再和瓦尔特太太讲话，因为这女人现在异常无理，令人厌烦。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(3)Money may be thought as a good that can readily be transformed into other goods through exchange.,货币可以看作是一种货物，这种货物可以非常容易地通过交换变成其他货物。,(4)Probably the only goods that are free goods under nearly all circumstances are fresh air and sunshine.,几乎在所有情况下，唯一的免
47、费货物也许只是新鲜空气和阳光。,练习题,(5)The timetable is designed to make students study,which should be their immediate mission in life.,作息时间的安排是为了促使学生学习，而学习应当是他们生活中的迫切任务。,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(6)After the dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.,晚餐后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。,(7)
48、He took the idea to the manager,who liked it and ordered an investigation to see if it could be applied to their automobile production.,他把这种想法向经理作了汇报，经理对此很感兴趣，并下令进行一次调查，看看是否可以将其用于他们的轿车生产。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(8)How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,relia
49、bility,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.,这些预测将在多大程度上被后来的表现所证实取决于所使用信息的数量、可靠性和适用性，同时还取决于解释这些信息的技巧和智慧。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(9)There are the possessions of the autonomous(selfgoverning)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to pr
50、actices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.,它们（自由和尊严）是传统理论中自治者（自我管理着）拥有的财富，这种自由与尊严是实践活动中必不可少的。在这些实践活动中，一个人必须对他的行为负责，取得成绩也应该受到表扬。,练习题,第二节 英语从句的翻译,(10)Pearson had pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a
