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1、专项语法三代词,要点精析一、常用代词的辨析1代词it，they与替代词one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的用法区别(1)it指代前面提到过的同一事物，they为其复数形式。Your story is interesting,but I dont like it.你的故事很有趣，但是我不喜欢。Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗？No,I havent found it.还没有。,例(2009四川)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I dont have
2、 enough money to buy_.Aone BitCthis Dthat解析：我喜欢这套带漂亮前院的房子，但是我没有足够的钱去买它。one用于泛指某类中的一个；it用于特指，指前面提及的单数个体；this用于指已经提到或已知的人、物、主意等；that用于名词或代词前，指人或事物，尤指在空间或时间上较远的物等。故选B。答案：B,(2)one代替单数的可数名词，表示泛指，ones为其复数形式。the one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，其后往往带定语，the ones为其复数形式。I havent a computer.I want to buy one next year.我没有电脑，
3、明年我想买一台。I like this book better than the one I read last time.比起上次我读的那本书，我更喜欢这一本。These shoes are not good enough.Show me some better ones.这些鞋子不够好，再让我看一些更好的。,注意：one替代前边的名词，是前边名词的同位语，前边名词若是特指，要用the one；若是泛指则用one。He is a kind student,one who always helps others.他是一个热心肠的学生，一个总是帮助别人的学生。He is the most exc
4、ellent student,the one who wins the first prize.他就是那个最优秀的学生，那个赢得一等奖的学生。,例(2010山东，32)Helping others is a habit,_you can learn even at an early age.Ait BthatCwhat Done解析：考查代词的用法。one代替可数名词的单数，表示泛指，在此句中相当于a habit，与a habit是同位语。答案：D,(3)that既可以替代特指的单数可数名词，也可以替代特指的不可数名词，若替代特指的单数可数名词时，相当于the one。The weather
5、in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.北京的天气在冬天要比南京的天气冷得多。The book is more interesting than that/the one you read a few days ago.这本书要比你前几天读的有趣得多。,例(2010陕西，12)The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than_in any other area of the city.Athat BthisCit Done解析：句意：在西安市区租住房屋的
6、费用比该市任何其它的地方都要高。由四个选项看填一代词来代替名词短语 the cost of renting a house;the cost 为不可数名词，要用 that 表替代；this 不可用来表替代；it 指同名同物；one 只替代可数名词单数。答案：A,(4)those替代复数名词，相当于the ones。Students in Class One are more hardworking than those in Class Two.一班的学生比二班的学生学习更努力。,2none,no one,nothing,neither和no(1)none“没人，没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可
7、指物。none后可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much的问题。They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。None of us have/has been there.我们中没有人去过那里。How many of you have seen the film?你们中有多少人看过这部电影？None(of us)一个也没有。,例(2008浙江)Id like some more cheese.Sorry,theres_left.Asome BnoneCa little
8、 Dfew解析：句意：“我想再吃点奶酪。”“很抱歉，一点儿也没了。”根据句意，排除A、C两项；few指代可数名词，故D项亦被排除。none相当于no前面提到的名词。答案：B,(2)no one表“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，后跟单数动词。常可用来回答用who提问的问句。Who can answer the question?谁能回答这个问题？No one.没人。No one knows when he was born.没有人知道他的生辰。,(3)nothing意为“没有东西”，一般回答what提问的句子。Whats in the cave?洞里有什么？Nothing.没什么。(4)n
9、either指“两个人或物中一个也不，两者都不”，表否定意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。Neither answer is right.两个答案中没有一个是正确的。,3other,others,any other,the other,another的用法(1)other表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the,this,some,any,each,every,no,one以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。Would you please make it some other day？(another day)改日做此事好吗？I have no o
10、ther place to go.我再也没有别的地方可去。,(2)others是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加限定词以及数量词，常构成some.others。He has more concern for others than for himself.他关心别人比关心自己多。Some students are cleaning the classroom;others are playing on the playground.一些学生在打扫教室，另一些在操场上玩。,(3)any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个
11、之中的另一个。China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。(4)the other表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.因为双方都不愿意屈服，所以讨论中没有达成一致。,例(2010全国，12)Neither side is prepared to talk to_unless we can smooth things over betw
12、een them.Aothers Bthe otherCanother Done other解析：neither指两者都不，两者中的另一者用the other。句意：双方都不想同另外一方交谈，除非我们把他们之间的事情缓和一下。答案：B,(5)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又，再，还”。This cap is too small for me.Show me another(one)这帽子太小了，给我看另外一顶。We need another three assistants in our shop.我们店还
13、需要三名店员。He will stay here for another 3 days.(3 more days)他还要在这里呆三天。,例(2009山东)I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face_day like that.Aother Banother Cthe other Dothers解析：句意：我昨天一天都很难受，以至于我今天早晨决定再也不能面对像那样的一天了。another表示“又一，另一；别的，另外的；类似的，相似的”，符句句意。the other指两个中的另外一个；othe
14、r多与复数名词连用；others后不能接名词。答案：B,二、it的用法1指代事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人。Look at the baby.Isnt it lovely?看那个小婴儿，它不可爱吗？Who is there?谁在那里？Its only me.我。2指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。Its very cold today.今天很冷。Its twenty miles to the zoo.到公园20英里路。,3代替不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句，作形式主语或形式宾语。Its of great help to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很有帮
15、助。I find it quite necessary to make some changes.我发现有必要做出改变。Its no good(no use,useless,senseless,dangerous,enjoyable,worthwhile)v.ing.Its no use arguing with him.同他争论没什么用。It is well known that China has the largest population in the world.众所周知，中国在世界上人口最多。,例(2010全国，14)The doctor thought_would be good
16、 for you to have a holiday.Athis BthatCone Dit解析：考查It作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正宾语。句意：医生认为对你来说度假是有好处的。答案：D,4用作look,seem,appear,happen等词的主语。It seems that he lost his way.他好像迷路了。It happened that she was not at home when I called.我打电话时，碰巧她不在家。,5表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,a
17、ppreciate等。I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把，我会很感激。I cant help it if he is always late.如果他总是迟到，我也没办法。As someone puts it,practice makes perfect.像某人所说的那样，熟能生巧。You may depend on it that they will support you.你相信好了，他们会支持你的。,三、代词的特殊用法1人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格。Glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。Me,
18、too.见到你我也很高兴。Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Susan，和你姐姐一起去扫院子。Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing.为什么让我去？John正坐在那儿没事可做。,2与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型。He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一个职员。He is anything but a clerk.他决不是一名职员。He is someone/something/not anybody.他是个重要人物/出色的人物/普普通通的人。She is somethi
19、ng of a doctor.She has saved many lives.她可以说是一位出色的医生，她已救了很多人的命。,3such指如前所述的这样的人或事物。此时，如果遇到a/an,such必须放在其前，如果遇到no,one,two,three,another,several,some,many,all等词时，such必须置于其后。有时such之后可以加一个as，用以引出属于哪一类。He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。Such is Albert Einstein,a simple man with great achievem
20、ents.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一个简朴而又成绩卓著的人。,Tom is such a nice person.汤姆就是这样一位好人。All such problems have been solved already.所有这样的问题已被解决。Any such mistake can be avoided.任何这样的问题都能避免。There is no such car here.这里没有这样的小汽车。,4so作指示代词时，代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。(1)在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess等词后，用so代替前文提出的观点。既可以用于肯定句，也可用于否定句。Will Tom come this evening?汤姆今晚会来吗？I think so./I dont think so./I think not.我想会的。/我想不会。,(2)用于肯定的hope以及Im afraid后，代替前文提出的观点。Is it going to rain tomorrow?明天会下雨吗？I hope so./I hope not.(不用I dont hope so.)希望如此。/希望不会下雨。,
