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1、The Attributive Clause定语从句,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,定语从句有时也可以修饰一个句子。被定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”。形式：先行词+关系词+从句 This is the book that I want.,定义,关系词,关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词:when,where,why,关系词,A plane is a machine that can fly.The book that I have read is very good.The boy that is reading the book
2、is Jim.The girl that we saw yesterday is Lily.They planted the trees which didnt need much water.The fish which we bought were not fresh.,The boy who broke the window is John.The person whom you just talked to is Mr.Li.Miss Wang is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.Pass me the book whose
3、 cover is black.,Pass me the book,of which the cover is black.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,Join the following sentences:The book is very good.I have read it.The book is very good.I have read that/which.The book that/which I have read is very good.,先行词和关系词的关系,Join
4、 the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl is Mary.We saw whom yesterday.The girl whom we saw yesterday is Mary.,先行词和关系词的关系,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He likes the cheese.It comes
5、 from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.,The eggs(that/which)I bought were not fresh.,The friend who/that came to supper last night was not hungry.,He likes the cheese that/which comes from his parents farm.,The noodles(which/that
6、)you cooked were delicious.,I dont like the people that/who smoke a lot.,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences ri
7、ght?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,关系副词 whe
8、n表示时间，作状语；where 表示地点，作状语；why表示原因，作状语。,I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.,I still remember the day.I came here on the day.替换on the day，用when,定语从句为I still remember the day when I came here.若只是替换the day,因
9、为the day 做的是on 的宾语，所以用which,定语从句为I still remember the day on which I came here.结论：在此句中可以用on which来替换 when.,关系副词可变为“介词which”,I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.应根据句子的意思选用合适的介词。,on which=when,in which=whe
10、re,for which=why,当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，不可用when,where 或why,而应该用that 或which。I like the city _ there is a beautiful lake.I like the city _ has a beautiful lake.,where,which/that,The reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason _ he gave isnt true.I will never
11、 forget the day _ my son was born.I will never forget the day _ I spent with Chairman Mao.,why,which/that,when,which/that,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the town I lived ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten y
12、ears ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when,which/that,where,which/that,why,which/that,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,定语从句分类,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句：先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
13、非限制性定语从句：从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that,考点：连接词which的用法,Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A
14、.what B.which C.that D.it,B,B,as 引导的定语从句,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected等,as 可以指人或物，也可以指代整个句子，常用于如：“suchas”，“asas”，“the sameas”等结构中,This is not such a book as I expected.As anybody can see,this road is like a snake.,This is the same book as I lost.This i
15、s the same book that I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,the same as 与the same that的异同,关系代词that 与which的区别,用that 而不用which的情况,1.先行词为不定代词all,much,little，everything,anything,nothing,none,few,one，any等Is there anything that I can do for you?2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。This is the best book t
16、hat Ive ever read.This is the first thing that I want to say.,3.当先行词被the only,the very,the same,little,few,no,any等修饰时.It is the only thing that I like to do.4.当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时。They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school.,用that 而不用which的情况,5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中Who is
17、the man that spoke to you at the gate?Which is the star that is nearest to the earth?,用that 而不用which的情况,1.在非限制性定语从句中2.关系代词前有介词时This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.3.先行词本身是thatThe clock is that which tells the time.钟表是告诉人们时间的。,用which而不用that 的情况,引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别,as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，而which引导的从句，只可
18、放在主句后面。As anybody can see,this road is like a snake.This road is like a snake,as anybody can see.Asas还有“正如”，“正象”之意，而which没有。,As Engels pointed out,labour created man himself.,The clock struck thirteen,which made everyone laugh.,1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _
19、I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,t
20、hat,which,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whom,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.12.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.13.The boy _ mother
21、is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,whom,whose,Exercises,在下列短文中分别填入where,when,why或that.I worked in a machinery factory_ I worked for three years.The year _ I was 19 years old was very important to me.I was admitted to a college _ I learned English.The reason _ I chose to learn English is quite simple.I like it.,where,when,where,why,谢谢,
