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1、How to teach English phoneticsin junior secondary schools?,Questions for discussion,Why teach phonetics？What kind of accent to teach？What to teach？When to teach phonetics？How to teach phonetics？,Why teach phonetics？,To help lay a good foundation for learning English vocabularyTo help with listening
2、and speaking To affect reading and writing,Why teach phonetics？,To build up studentsconfidence in learning English To improve intelligibility 表意To create a favorable impression,Why is teaching phonetics important?,What problems do students have with English pronunciation?Using the wrong soundMaking
3、long vowels shortLeaving sounds out,Why is teaching phonetics important?,Adding soundsPutting stress on the wrong syllable in a wordPutting stress on the wrong word in a sentenceUsing the wrong intonation pattern,What kind of accent to teach？,What are the main varieties of English accent?SSB(Standar
4、d Southern British)rather than RP(Received Pronunciation)GA(General American),What kind of accent to teach？,Which accent should we teach？Either SSB or GA as a basisBetter to expose students to a variety of accents,so that they will be able to understand most people they meet.,What to teach？,What is
5、required in the Curriculum Standards?1.Pronunciation of 26 lettersa,e,i(y),o,u in stressed/unstressed syllablesVowel combinations in stressed syllablesCommon vowel combinations in stressed syllables,What to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？,Consonant combinations(ch,dg,th,tch,ph,ng,nk)Consonant clusters(bl-,cl-,fl-
6、,gl-,br-,cr-,sm-,sp-,pr-,qu-)Syllabic sounds(ble,-ple,-cle,-gle,-dle,-sin,-ten,-ven),2.Word stress and sentence stress3.Sound variationliaison（连读）incomplete explosive weak form assimilation（同化）,What to teach？,4.Intonation and rhythmsense group and pausing rising and falling tones rhythm,What to teac
7、h？,Use of pronunciation,intonation,stress and rhythm in oral communication6.Pronunciation and enunciation skills in reading aloud and speeches7.English pronunciation differences in major English speaking countries(mainly taught in senior high school),What to teach？,Letters have sounds,方法一：掐头法学读音 读下列
8、辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。,Ff/ef/,Ll/el/,Mm/em/,Nn/en/,Ss/es/,Xx/eks/,/f/,/l/,/m/,/n/,/s/,/ks/,Example 1 案例一,读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。,Zz/zi:/,Vv/vi:/,Bb/bi:/,Dd/di:/,Cc/si:/,Jj/d3eI/,Pp/pi:/,Kk/keI/,Tt/ti:/,/b/,/s/k/,/d/,/d3/,/k/,/p/,/t/,/v/,/z/,方法二：去尾法学音素,Gg Hh Yy Ww Rr,读下列辅音
9、字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音g，h，y，w，r有相似之处，注意不要混淆。,egg 鸡蛋,hen 母鸡,yes 是的,well 好的,red 红色的,/g/,/h/,/j/,/w/,/r/,/eg/,/hen/,/jes/,/wel/,/red/,方法三：对比法学读音,Teach phonetic symbols（IPA）教音标Vowels and consonants元音和辅音的读音示范,有声版国际音标表,a,e,i(y),o,u in stressed syllables,Open Closea name/e/map/e we/i:/wet/e/i hi/a/hit/(y)why/a/phy
10、sics/o note/not/u flute/u:/flush/,a,e,i,o,u,y in unstressed syllables,Vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables,R-syllablesar/:/art car far hard gardener/:/her hers term nerve serviceir/:/sir bird girl firm thirtyor/:/or for torn morn forty ur/:/urge fur hurt nurse turning,Vowel letter&vowel l
11、etter combinations in stressed syllables元音字母及其字母组合在重读音节中的读音,/i:/e ea ee i ie be each feel police field/i e bit England/e/e ea a best head many/a bank/u o but come love front mother,Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables,/:/or ore oor our al ar born more door four call war au aw
12、 ou(gh)cause draw brought/:/a(n)a(s)a(th)al ar au dance class father half farm aunt/e/a ai ay eigh cage rain May eight/a/i ie igh y hike die light fly/o o(ld)o(st)oa ow hope hold most road grow,Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables,/:/er ir ur or ear certain first turn word ea
13、rly/u oo ou full foot could/u:/u o oo ew blue move cool flew/ju:/u ew use new/o a crop want,Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllables,/a/ou ow count brown/oi oy coin toy/ea ear eer ere idea dear deer here/e/air are ear eir ere chair care bear their where/our ure oor tour sure poor
14、,Sounds make up words,Letters combine in syllables to make words.CV(V)he she no by hi tea die day VC(C)at is us on off ebb add ant CVC hat hen did top cut get fan van CVCE hate Pete home cute kite fame CCVC thin ship than chat shot knot plug CVVC lead coat loud food foot dial CVCC fish cash neck ban
15、k cent wantMany words follow a regular pattern,but many dont.give have two one climb often Wednesday,Can you read these words?,dab den cod cluck braid dado轻拍 巢穴 鳕 咯咯叫 辫子 墙裙 duck chuck chuckle 抛，扔 暗自笑lot log loggerhead 原木 笨蛋fun fund fundamental 基金 基本的,Word syllables,cot cottage cottager 幼儿床 村舍 村民 pan
16、 panel panelist 专门小组 小组成员myth mythical mythology 神话的 神话,Assignment 1 作业（1）,请对您正在使用的一册初中课本中的词汇做一调查，把符合拼读规则的单词挑出来，按照元音字母或元音字母组合在重读音节中的拼读规则归类。,Consonants&common consonant combinations,Consonant clusters,/pl-/please/pr-/pride/sl-/slow/bl-/bleed/fr-/fry/sm-/smoke/fl-/fleet/kr-/cry/sn-/snow/kl-/clean/r-/g
17、ride/sw-/swan/l-/gleam/br-/bright/sp-/speak/r-/through/sk-/skate/st-/star,Syllabic sounds,/b/,/p/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/,/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/+/m/,/n/,/l/Examples:able apple little middle uncle single often novel person reason bottom seven pencil puzzle lesson fashion version,Assignment 2 作业（2）,请根据前面列举的辅音字母和辅音字母
18、组合的拼读规则，从现行初中课本中找出合适的例词来，完成以下表格。表格的开头示例如下：,Word stress,A word with two or more than two syllables has word stress.Two syllables doctor teacher worker.again repeat excuse.,Word stress,Three syllables or more elephant Saturday exercise visitor.tomato expensive suggestion.ability alternative,Sentence s
19、tress a book a Chinese book ink and paperLiaison an English class bread and milk it is there is good idea think about it as a matter of fact,Incomplete explosion right now around the corner dont know egg plant eight pictures ask the doctorSound change Would you.?Nice to meet you.Did you.?,Intonation
20、 the falling and rising tones,Im an English teacher.Sit down,please.,.,.,.,Intonation the falling and rising tones,Whose eraser is this?Is the book on the shelf yours?Are the boxes yours or theirs?,.,._._,._.,You dont have any brother or sister,do you?What a beautiful day,isnt it？,.,.,.,.,Sense grou
21、p,pausing and rhythm,Twinkle,twinkle,little star,How I wonder what you are.Up above the world so high,Like a diamond in the sky.Twinkle,twinkle,little star,How I wonder what you are.He saidthat he wouldnt be able to come tomorrow.,Assignment 3 作业（3）,请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Who has seen the wind?Neither
22、 I nor you.But when the leaves hang trembling The wind is passing thro.,Assignment 3 作业（3）,请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Who has seen the wind?Neither you nor I.But when the trees bow down their heads The wind is passing by.Cristina Rossetti,When to teach phonetics？,Pronunciation practice should come more of
23、ten at the beginning stage.Correcting a pronunciation error on the spot,语音教学贯穿英语教学的全过程,When to teach phonetics？,A planned activity which is in conjunction with focus on words and structure.结合词汇与句型教学Phonetics should be taught in connection with meaningful language practice(e.g.with listening,speaking
24、,reading and writing practice).结合四项技能训练进行,Three stages of phonetic teaching in junior high school,Stage 1 From letters to sounds:a name e he i kite o no u blueStage 2 From sounds to letters or letter combinations:/i:/e ea ee i ie be each feel police field,Three stages of phonetic teaching in junior
25、high school,Stage 3 Suprasegmental features(超切分音位特征，即朗读技巧）word stress,sentence stress,liaison,explosive,assimilation,intonation,pause,rhythm,etc,How to teach phonetics 怎样教语音？,Contrast English features with Chinese features(language transfer and interference)Phonic work without learning IPA(国际音标）Teac
26、h phonetic symbols（IPA）,How to teach phonetics？,Connect phonetic teaching with practice of words,phrases，sentences,texts,etcTrain the ears and tongue through listening and speakingUse computers to teach pronunciation and intonation,Contrast English features with Chinese features,Similar but not exac
27、tly the sameA a 爱 E e 衣 I i 哀 O o 欧 U u 幼 English voiced consonants are much stronger than the Chinese ones,Contrast English features with Chinese features,Some consonants are almost the same f l English unvoiced consonants are much weaker than the Chinese onesSome consonants are not available in Ch
28、inese v Some consonant combinations are very close c(/ts/)z(/dz/)ch ng sh j m n w,Analyze students common problems,What are some of your students problems in pronunciation in your area?Can they tell the difference between the following pairs of sounds?,/l,n/,/n,/,/t,/,/l,r/,/,d/,/s,/,/v,w/,/e,a/,/s,
29、/,/z,/,/i:,/,/e,/,/e,/,/e,e/,/,/,北京,湖南,四川,湖北,东北,江苏,上海,How to help correct students errors in pronouncing sounds,Playing with the tongue Use graphs,fingers,mimics,etc.,How to help correct students errors in pronouncing sounds,Accustoming the earUse minimal pairs（最小对立体）,A sheep,A ship,/i:/,sheep,/i/,s
30、hip,Whats this?,Oh!Its a sheep!,Whats that?,Oh!Its a ship!,A sheep is not a ship!A ship is not a sheep!,/e/,bed,/,cat,Example 3 案例三：广东韶关陈文英、邓彩芬老师提供,Whats this?,Its a bed.,Whats on the bed?,Oh!My god!Its a cat!,A cat is on the bed!,/3:/,/,a bird,the worker,The worker has a bird.,the worker,/a:/,fathe
31、r,Father is not fa de(拼音);爸爸 is not/ba:ba:/,/,mother,Father and mother,mother and father,they give me a hug(拥抱)!,/:/,door,/D/,dog,Look!Its a door.,Whats behind the door？,Oh,its a dog.,A dog is behind the door.,cool,look,Oh,you look so cool!,/,/u:/,/I/,name,I my,e,/I/,a,Whats your name?My name is Mik
32、e.,Whats your name?I am Kate.,boy,goal(得分,进球,射门),/i/,/3:/,girl,A goal and a girl.,/,The girl is kicking a goal.,The boy is looking at the girl.,We kick a goal but cant kick a girl.,/a/,out,here,there,sure,Lets say it out:Here and there,we are the best!Are you sure?Yes!Here and there,we are the best!
33、,/i/,/e/,/,Connect phonetic teaching with practice of words,phrases，sentences,texts,etc,English alphabet英语字母,Sounds音素,Words词,Phrases短语,Sentences句子,Texts话语、篇章、课文,Practical Writing应用文,Stories/Novels故事、小说,Reports报道文,Poems诗歌,Letters,Diaries,Messages,Computer-aided teaching of pronunciation,Pronunciation
34、 power by English Computerized Learning Inc.,Blackstone Multimedia Corporation(animations showing how sounds are produced;sound discrimination)Compare the users waveform with the sample,Example 4,Ar makes/sound.Er,ir,or,ur make/or/sound.Today is Turtles birthday.She is wearing a skirt.Here comes her friend bird.Happy birthday to you,Turtle!,Reference,课程教材研究所：新中国中小学教材建设史1949-2000研究丛书英语卷，人教社，2010年10月G.Poedjosoedarmo,中小学英语教师发展丛书，语音教学入门，人民教育出版社，2007年10月教语音教外国学生说英语的参考书，中国人民大学出版社，2002年6月曲明文主编：英语语音进阶，上海交通大学出版社，1999年9月葆青，实用英语语音，高等教育出版社，1988唐锡玲、黄秀萍，英语语音基础，东北师大出版社，2001,Thanks！,
