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1、Unit 4 Why People Work,i,i,Lead-in,Why do people work,apart from earning a living?,Lead-in,Famous Sayings:Work is the grand cure for all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind.(Thoas Carlyle,British historian)工作是良药，能医治一切困扰人的疾苦。(英国历史学家 卡莱尔.T.)2.Work banishes those three great evils:boredom
2、,vice,and poverty.(Voltaire,French Philosopher)工作撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊，堕落和贫穷。(法国哲学家 伏尔泰)3.To youth I have three words of counsel-work,work and work.(Otto Btismarck,Greman statesman)对于青年，我的忠告只有三个词工作，工作，工作。(德国政治家 俾斯麦.O.),Lead-in,4.I do not like work-no man does-but I like what is in the work-the chance to find yo
3、ur self.(Conrad Joseph,British novelist)我不喜欢工作没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中找到发现自己的机会。(英国小说家 约瑟夫.C.)5.One of the symptoms of approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that ones.work is terribly important,and that to take a holiday would bring all kinds of disaster,If I were a medical man,I should precribe
4、 a holiday to many patient who consicered his work important.(Bernard Russell,British philosopher)神经即将崩溃的症状之一是相信自己的工作极端重要，休假将会带来种种灾难。如果我是医生，我给这样的病人开的药方是：休假。(英国哲学家 罗素.B.)6.To do great work a man must be very idle as well as very industrious.(Samuel Bubler,American educator)要从事伟大的工作，一个人必须既非常勤劳又非常空闲。(美
5、国教育家 勃特勒.S.),Lead-in,Work to Live,OR,Live to Work?,Word pretest,1.There was a smile of contentment on the teachers face when he saw the students performance in the speech contest.A.Irony-the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite,typically for humorous or e
6、mphatic effect反话，讽刺B.confusion-uncertainty about what is happening,intended,or required不确定；疑惑C.satisfaction-fulfilment of ones wishes,expectations,or needs,or the pleasure derived from this满意，满足 contentment-noun.a state of happiness and satisfaction满意；满足,Word pretest,2.He gradually accumulated a lar
7、ge number of books.A.collected-adjective.(of a person)not perturbed or distracted（人）镇静的；泰然自若的 B.appreciated-appreciableprib()ladjective.large or important enough to be noticed大得（或重要得）可察觉到的，相当可观的 C.wrote Accumulated-gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of聚集；积累,Word pretest,3.Ma
8、ny philosophers spend much of their time in contemplation.A.debating-debate:argue about(a subject),especially in a formal manner争论，讨论 B.thinkingC.writing Contemplation-noun.the action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time注视，凝视,Word pretest,4.A nurse has many duties to fulfill in carin
9、g for the sick.A.provide-verb.make available for use;supply提供，供应；供给 B.carry out-If youcarry outa threat,task,or instruction,you do it or act according to it.实行 C.develop-verb.grow or cause to grow and become more mature,advanced,or elaborate（使）成长，发育；发展Fulfill-verb.bring to completion or reality;achi
10、eve or realize(something desired,promised,or predicted)完成，使应验；实现（愿望，诺言，预言）,Word pretest,5.There was no compulsion on him to go with her.He could stay at home if he liked.A.requirementB.suggestion C.force-noun.strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement力，力量compulsion-noun.the ac
11、tion or state of forcing or being forced to do something;constraint（被）强迫，（被）强制,Word pretest,6.He has been exerting pressure on me to change my mind.A.putting B.adding C.lifting-v.raise to a higher position or level抬起，举起Exert-verb.apply or bring to bear(a force,influence,or quality)运用（力）；施加（影响）；发挥（品质
12、）E.g.the moon exerts a force on the Earth 月球对地球施加作用力 exerting influence over the next generation 对下一代施加影响,Word pretest,7.The tired old man craved for water and sleep.A.desired B.asked C.begged-beg:verb.ask someone earnestly or humbly for something恳求某人给予 Crave-verb.feel a powerful desire for(somethin
13、g)渴望；热望,Word pretest,8.Each person has his unique fingerprints.A.interesting B.only C.special Unique-adjective.being the only one of its kind;unlike anything else独一无二的；独特的,Word pretest,9.Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming?A.responsible for B.r
14、elated to C.caused by Attribute-verb.regard something as being caused by 把归因于；把归咎于E.g.he attributed the firms success to the efforts of the managing director 他把公司的成就归功于总经理的努力,Word pretest,10.Vitamins should not be used as a substitute for a healthy diet.A.medicine-B.ingredient-noun.any of the foods
15、or substances that are combined to make a particular dish配料，原料C.replacement-n,the action or process of replacing someone or something替代，更换；复位substitute-n.a person or thing acting or serving in place of another代替物;v.use or add in place of用代替 E.g.I found someone to substitute for me 我找到了一个人接替我Customs
16、officers substituted the drugs with another substance海关官员用另外一种东西替换了毒品,Text 1 Why People Work,Global reading:1.Skim the text and find out the main idea Work contributes a lot to human satisfation.2.Scan the passage and answer the multiple choice questions on page 54.Answer:CAACCBBB,Text 1 A History o
17、f Music in America,Global reading:3.Structure of the textp.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.p.3-6:why people do not relate work with human satisfaction.p.6:transitionp.7-8:Work can realize ones potential,while the absence of work is frightening.p.9-12:why should wo
18、rk be such a significant source of human satisfaction?p.13:Conclusion,PART ONE,Main idea:p.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.,PART ONE,What can jobs and work provide for people?,Language Points,If there were,in fact,some way of adding up the contribution to human sa
19、tisfaction of the major human institutions in society,I would guess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share.L1实际上,如果能够计算出人类社会主要的风俗制度对人们获得的满足所作的贡献，那我想工作制度的贡献会比意料中大。,Language Points,add up(adding,added,adds):PHRASAL VERB If you add up numbers or amounts,or if you add them up,you c
20、alculate their total.把加起来E.g.Add up the total of those six games.把那场比赛的总分加起来。We just added all the numbers up and divided one by the other.我们只是把所有的数加起来，然后用一个除以另一个。,Language Points,institution/nsttjun/CET4 TEM4N-COUNT/N-IN-NAMES An institution is a large important organization such as a university,ch
21、urch,or bank.机构E.g.financial institutions.金融机构。,Language Points,If there were,in fact,some way of adding up the contribution to human satisfaction of the major human institutions in society,I would guess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share.L1实际上,如果能够计算出人类社会主要的风俗制度对人们获得的满足所作的
22、贡献，那我想工作制度的贡献会比意料中大。,Language Points,intangible/ntndbl/that cannot be clearly or definitely understood or grasped;indefinable 难以捉摸的;难以理解的;无法确定的:E.g.The old building had an intangible air of sadness about it.那座古老建筑物周围笼罩着说不出的凄凉气氛。他们俩的感情说不清道不明。Their relationship is quite intangible.,Language Points,Wel
23、l-being:N-UNCOUNTSomeoneswell-beingis their health and happiness.健康快乐E.g.：Singing can create a sense of well-being.唱歌能产生一种幸福感。,Language Points,分析：这是一个主从复合句。to which work provides the more intangible,but more crucial,psychological well-being 是 extent 的定语从句。that can make the difference between a full
24、and an empty life 是 psychological well-being 的定语从句。intangible，crucial 和 psychological 这三个形容词很容易被误认为是平行结构，事实上，intangible，crucial是修饰 psychological well-being 的。翻译本句不能用直译，例如extent 就不能直接译出来。故采用意译为主。,PART TWO,Main idea:p.3-5why people do not relate work with human satisfaction.Historical reasons:a.the Gr
25、eeks b.The Middle Ages,Why is it a surprise to learn that work has positive contribution to the individuals happiness?,Cultural Notes,Plato(?427-347BC)an ancient Greek philosopher,who had a very great influence on European philosophy.He explained his ideas in the form of written conversations.His te
26、acher was Socrates,and after Socrates death he established a school called the Academy,where Aristotle was one of his students.His most famous work is The Republic,about the perfect state and form of government.,Language Points,Restrict/rstrkt/V-TIf yourestrictsomethingtoa particular group,only that
27、 group can do it or have it.Ifyourestrictsomethingtoa particular place,it is allowed only in that place.限定 E.g.：Trustees had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 percent of applicants.董事们已经决定把大学入学率限定在申请人数的30左右。,accumulate/kjumjlet/CET4 TEM4(accumulating,accumulated,accumulates)gradually
28、get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of(sth);get(sth)in this way 积累,聚积（某物）;聚集而成（某事物）:E.g.accumulate enough evidence to ensure his conviction搜集足够的证据以给他定罪 By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产.,compulsion/kmpln/n(to do sth)U compelling or being compelled 强迫;强
29、制;被迫:I refuse to act under compulsion.我决不能让人逼着做事.C urge(esp to behave in an irrational way)that one cannot resist（不能克制的）欲望,冲动,要求（尤指不合情理的行为）:a compulsion to destroy things 毁物欲,PART THREE,Main idea:p.7-8:Work can realize ones potential,while the absence of work is frightening.,Why do institutions deal
30、ing with mental health problems establish workshop?What are the effects of the absence of work?,Language Points,renew/rnju/CET4 TEM4(renewing,renewed,renews)1.V-TIf yourenewan activity,you begin it again.重新开始E.g.：He renewed his attack on government policy toward Europe.他重新开始抨击政府的欧洲政策。2.V-TYou can sa
31、y that somethingis renewedwhen it grows again or is replaced after it has been destroyed or lost.获得新生;(遭毁坏或损失后)再生E.g.：Natures repair process is slow and steady,with cells being constantly renewed.自然的修复过程缓慢而稳定，在此过程中细胞不断再生。,Language Points,acute/kjut/CET4 TEM41.ADJYou can useacuteto indicate that an u
32、ndesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.严峻的E.g.：The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis.这场战争加剧了一场严峻的经济危机。The report has caused acute embarrassment to the government.这份报告使政府极其尴尬。,PART FOUR,Main idea:p.9-12:A sense of accomplishment in work is a significant source of human sa
33、tisfaction.,What can wealthy people get from their work?According to the passage,what can enrich our personality and make use of ourselves?,stimulate/stmjlet/CET4 TEM4(stimulating,stimulated,stimulates)1.V-TTostimulatesomething means to encourage it to begin or develop further.鼓励;刺激E.G.：Americas pri
34、ority is rightly to stimulate its economy.美国的首要任务自然是刺激经济。,attributable L52/trbjtbl/adj pred 作表语 to sb/sth that can be attributed to sb/sth 可归属或归因於某人某事物:E.g.Is this painting attributable to Michelangelo?这幅画是米开朗琪罗画的吗？attribute/trbjt/v Tn.pr sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to,caused by or produce
35、d by sb/sth 归因于:He attributes his success to the help of his wife.他认为能成功是由於他老婆的帮助.,PART FIVE,p.13:Conclusion,Can we gain an equivalent amount of pride and fulfillment if we do not work?Why?,It is probably not much more sensible to ask the question about working to live and living to work than it is
36、to play the“live-to-eat or eat-to-live”theme.L56问有关为活而工作和为工作而活的问题跟讨论“为吃而生存或为生存而吃”的主题相比，高明不到哪去。,Text 1 Why People Work,Post reading:Reading comprehension:Answer:CAACCBBB,Text 1 Why People Work,Post reading:Use of english:Go off:1.PHRASAL VERBIf an explosive device or a gungoes off,it explodes or fire
37、s.(炸弹)爆炸;(枪)开击2.PHRASAL VERBIf an alarm bellgoes off,it makes a sudden loud noise.(警报器)突发巨响3.PHRASAL VERBIf an electrical devicegoes off,it stops operating.(电气设备)停止运作,Text 1 Why People Work,Use of english:Go over:PHRASAL VERBIf yougo overa document,incident,or problem,you examine,discuss,or think ab
38、out it very carefully.仔细检查e.g.I wont know how successful it is until an accountant has gone over the books.我要等到会计仔细查看了账目后才会知道盈利状况如何。Go back on:HRASAL VERBIf yougo back ona promise or agreement,you do not do what you promised or agreed to do.背离(诺言、协议等)e.g.：The budget crisis has forced the president t
39、o go back on his word.预算危机已迫使该总统背离了自己的承诺。,Text 1 Why People Work,Use of english:Go round:四处走动；供应；（消息）流传 Go out of business:停止经商，歇业；生意失败 Go from bad to worse:(处境、行为、病情等)越来越坏，越来越糟，每况愈下,Text 1 Why People Work,Use of english:1.By the time I opened the can its contents had gone off.2.Ill go over how it w
40、orks before you try it yourself.3.I was told that it would be repaired free of charge,but the man in the shop has gone back on his promise.4.The book was so popular that there werent enough copies to go around.5.His shop has gone out of business after making heavy losses.6.Trade has gone from bad to worse and staff are being laid off.,Text 1 Why People Work,Post reading:STEMS:B A D A A C,Unit 4 Work,Section B:ACB FTF ACD BCB TFT,Unit 4 Work,Section C:FTFTFTFTFT,Thank you!,
