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1、After-class practice for lecture 4,Part 12.各国社会制度不同，但不应该妨碍彼此之间的合作。4.难怪许多老一辈的人目睹这一情景就会回忆起往事。9.我非常感激我父亲，因为在我小时候他总是不断地鼓励我。,After-class practice for lecture 4,Part 21.贸易的巨增给两国都带来了益处。2.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很好的评价。4.一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的外表和谈吐都像美国人。,After-class practice for lecture 4,Part 33.即使读遍有关美国为摆脱英国统治争取
2、独立而进行革命的堂皇纪事，也不容易知道第一个为美国独立而牺牲的原来是一个黑人。4.她立即带他们离开了拥挤的客厅，走进了幽静的书房。,Lecture 6,同义反译/视角转换法,一、引子,Matties hand was underneath,and Ethan kept his clasped on it a moment longer than necessary.原译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住，握得比必要的时间长了一会儿。改译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住，没有立刻松开。,同义反译定义,原文本来是正面表达，译文却从反面着笔；或者，原文用肯定语气的，译文不妨倒过来，采取双否定或换反义词加否定语
3、气。另一方面，原文从反面表达，译文却从正面表达，也属于该范畴。,二、习惯表达方式举例,riot police防暴警察(即anti-riot police，而不是暴乱的警察)crisis law反危机法案(即anti-crisis law)spy film 反谍影片No prisoners!赶尽杀绝！/统统杀光！After you,sir.先生，您先请。,二、习惯表达方式举例,路上辛苦了。原译：You must have had a tiring journey.改译：Did you have a good trip?Please tender exact fare.原译：请付确切数目的车费。改
4、译：恕不找赎。/不设找赎。Keep in lane!不准换线！Keep off the lawn!请勿践踏草地！（正说反译）I couldnt agree more with you.我完全同意你的看法。,二、习惯表达方式举例,Just make yourself at home.不要客气。/别见外。“Wheres your brother?”“Hes still in bed.”“你弟弟在哪里？”“还没起床。”I lay awake almost the whole night.原译：我整晚醒着躺在那儿。改译：我躺在那儿，几乎一夜没睡。/几乎一夜没合眼。Did I get your name
5、 right?我没有弄错你的名字吧？That man is a total stranger to me.我根本不认识那个人。,二、习惯表达方式举例,He was the last man to say such things.他绝不会说这样的话。They are non-local laborers in Beijing.他们是在北京打工的外地民工。She wont go away until you promise to help her.原译：她要等你答应帮忙以后才肯走。改译：你不答应帮忙，她是不肯走的。Only three customers remained in the bar.酒
6、吧里只有三名顾客还没有走。（不译：还留着/还呆在那里）We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.我们要永远对生活抱乐观的态度。,二、习惯表达方式举例,Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?你知道她为什么老是不想见到你？I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。We believe that the younger generation will prove
7、 worthy of our trust.我们相信年青一代将不会辜负我们的信任。,二、习惯表达方式举例,Ill be here for good this time.这一次我再也不走了。（不译：永远在此呆下去）Wait,he is serious.等等，他不是说着玩儿的。（不译：等等，他是认真的。）Now,Clara,be firm with the boy!听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。（不译：对这孩子要坚定）,同义反译之目的,1.明确语义。2.加强修辞。3.符合汉语习惯。,三、反说正译,Isnt it funny!真逗！“You will try to tide me over,wo
8、nt you?”“Wont I!”“你会帮我渡过难关的，是吗？”“当然！”If all three of you take part in it,there can be no further questioning of your courage.如果你们三位都参加，那就足以说明你们是有勇气的。（不译：再也没有问题）,三、反说正译,I am never at a loss for a word;Pitt is never at a loss for the word.原译：我要找一个词从不感到困难，可是皮特找个恰如其分的词却从不感到困难。改译：我总是能凑合找个词儿说说，可是皮特什么时候都能找
9、到恰如其分的词儿。,三、反说正译,When Stephen was introduced to the old couple,they said simply,“Weve read your article.We expected to meet an older man.”当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章，没想到你这么年轻。”It is a good workman that never blunders.智者千虑，必有一失。（反说正译）,三、反说正译,Suddenly he heard a sound behind him,and realized
10、he was not alone in the garage.他突然听见背后有声响，便立即意识到车库里还有别人。In a little town such things cannot be done without remark.在小镇上，这类事情少不了引起别人的注意。The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。（原文是否定的，译文从正面处理，译为肯定句。）,三、反说正译,You cannot praise the play too highly.你怎么称赞这出戏也不过分。I don
11、t think we have asked for anything that they havent done.我认为我们所要求的事情，他们都已经办到了。（译文运用否定的转移，将句中的双重否定译作肯定。）,三、反说正译,The United Nations has not,so far,justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民的希望。无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。原译：She can hardly be rated as a bright student.改译：She is
12、 anything but a bright student.,四、正说反译,Thats a thing that might happen to any man.原译：这样的事情可能发生在任何人身上。改译：这种事情谁也难免。This book is a fool to that both in plot and execution.这本书不论在情节上还是在写作技巧方面，都不及那一本。He was 75,but he carried his years lightly.他七十五岁了，可是并不显老。,四、正说反译,His speech leaves much to be desired.他的讲话
13、很不如人意。John was a fool for danger.约翰是天不怕地不怕的。Computers may eventually be able to learn by using such senses as smell,touch and taste.But will computers become smarter than people?That is anybodys guess.计算机也许最终能通过嗅、触、味等感觉来学习。但计算机会变得比人更聪明吗？这可谁也说不准。,四、正说反译,I gave you credit for being more sensible.我没有想到
14、你这么愚蠢。Please withhold the document for the time being.原译：请暂时扣下这份文件。改译：请暂时不要发这份文件。,四、正说反译,It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.人疾医生喜。（哪怕是歪风也有人吹得舒服。）Appearances are deceptive.外貌是靠不住的。While she liked his work,she pointed out areas where improvement was possible.她在鉴赏他的作品的同时，又指出了它的不足之处。,五、视角转换,视角转换定义
15、：按照译语的思维方式或表达习惯重新组织原句的信息，从与原语不同（不包括相反）的角度来表达同样意思。,五、视角转换,Good winner,good loser.胜不骄，败不馁。Jackson was quite open.没有人防守杰克逊。I wont keep you waiting long.我一会儿就回来。,五、视角转换,The darkness was thinning,but the street was still dimly lighted.天渐渐有些亮了，然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。He drove slowly down the hill,his elbows resting
16、on the wheel,his chin cupped in his hands。他慢慢顺山坡向下开去，两肘支在方向盘上，双手托着下巴。Old habits die hard.积习难除。,五、视角转换,He knocked his face on the door and his cheek turned black and blue.他的脸碰在了门上，因此，他的面颊变得青一块，紫一块。Ten to one the train will be late.这趟火车十之八九要晚点。在美国，人人都能买到枪。原译：In the United States,everyone can buy a gun
17、.改译：In the United States,guns are available to everyone.,五、视角转换,你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。原译：You can obtain this information on the Internet.改译：This information is accessible/available on the Internet.他突然想到了一个新主意。原译：Suddenly he had a new idea./He suddenly thought out a new idea.改译：A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.,六、结束语,正面译不顺，不妨反面着笔，以求尽量发挥翻译技巧灵活多变的特点。翻译之所以成为艺术，就是它本身具有创造性。凡是能体现创造性的技巧，都不可能是墨守成规。所以反译自有其依据。反译有时是必需的，因为说英、汉语的两个民族的思维逻辑和表达方式不同。同一个概念，一个民族正面说，认为是合乎表达习惯的，而另一个民族则认为反着说或换个角度说才顺口。译者必须全面、深入掌握两种语言，才能自觉地和自如地运用反译法这一技巧。,
