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1、Background Knowledge Reading Skills Text Understanding Focus on Language,Oedipus,Background Knowledge,1,1,Background Knowledge,Oedipus,Oedipus is the son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes.Because of the oracle that he would kill his father and marry his mother,he was left on a hillside,but w
2、as rescued and brought up as the son of king of Corinth.Hearing the oracle,Oedipus left Corinth.While traveling he met and killed Laius,without recognizing him.,1,Background Knowledge,1,Oedipus,After ridding Thebes of the Sphinx,he married Jocasta and became king,unwillingly fulfilling the oracle.La
3、ter realizing the truth of his birth,he stabbed out his eyes and went into exile with his daughter Antigone as guide.His story was used by Sophocles in“Oedipus Rex”and“Oedipus at Colonus”.,1,Background Knowledge,1,When we read,it is almost certain that we will come across new words.Shall we consult
4、the dictionary every time?Not necessarily.In fact,there are many ways to find out the meanings of new words.You may start from word formation.That is to say,you may take the basic part of the word,and get its meaning from the prefix,suffix,or the parts that combine to form the words.,Finding out the
5、 Meaning of Words,Reading Skills,1,1,Another way is to make use of the clues given by the context.In other words,the text itself may explain the meaning of a certain word by using expressions similar in meaning or opposite in meaning.The text may also use simpler words to define it or to give exampl
6、es to illustrate the point.,Finding out the Meaning of Words,Reading Skills,1,1,Try to figure out the meanings of the words in italics in the following sentences in the text.You should give answers in both English and Chinese.1)I have heard this question:from an English major,from a stranger on the
7、street,from a dark shadow beside me one evening at an English corner.(Para.1)The word“shadow”means _.,Reading Comprehension,Text Understanding,1,1,the dark image cast,by an object 影子,Try to figure out the meanings of the words in italics in the following sentences in the text.You should give answers
8、 in both English and Chinese.2)I hate it because it seems completely reasonable but is actually a trap.(Para.3)The word“completely”means _.,Reading Comprehension,Text Understanding,1,1,totally 完全地,Try to figure out the meanings of the words in italics in the following sentences in the text.You shoul
9、d give answers in both English and Chinese.3)Whatever they are really asking for,it feels like theyre asking for a quick solution that will fix all their mistakes and expand their vocabulary in easy steps.(Para.6)The word“solution”means _ _.,Reading Comprehension,Text Understanding,1,1,a way to solv
10、e,a problem or deal with something difficult 解决办法,Try to figure out the meanings of the words in italics in the following sentences in the text.You should give answers in both English and Chinese.4)Keep your plans flexible.Know your weaknesses and strong points;make your scheme match the language yo
11、u are studying(Para.11)The word“scheme”means _.,Reading Comprehension,Text Understanding,1,1,a systematic plan of action 计划，策略,Try to figure out the meanings of the words in italics in the following sentences in the text.You should give answers in both English and Chinese.5)Finally,I try to warn my
12、students against discouragement.(Para.12)The word“discouragement”means _.,Reading Comprehension,Text Understanding,1,1,when you no longer feel confident or willing to do something 气馁,1.from an English major,from a stranger on the street,from a brave soul standing in the middle of a large lecture hal
13、l,from a dark shadow beside me one evening at an English corner.(Para.1)Here,four prepositional phrases introduced by“from”create a structure of parallelism.In grammar,parallelism is a balance of two or more similar words,phrases,or clauses.The application of parallelism in sentence construction imp
14、roves writing style and readability.,1,Focus on Language,1,1.from an English major,from a stranger on the street,from a brave soul standing in the middle of a large lecture hall,from a dark shadow beside me one evening at an English corner.(Para.1)Parallelism is also one of the most useful and flexi
15、ble rhetorical devices.It refers to any structure which brings together parallel elements,be these nouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs,or larger structures.Done well,parallelism imparts grace and power to passage.,1,Focus on Language,1,1.from an English major,from a stranger on the street,from a brave so
16、ul standing in the middle of a large lecture hall,from a dark shadow beside me one evening at an English corner.(Para.1)e.g.With this faith we will be able to work together,to pray together,to struggle together,to go to jail together,to stand up for freedom together,knowing that we will be free one
17、day.怀着这个信念，我们就将能够一同工作，一同祈祷，一同斗争，一同入狱，一同争取自由，因为我们知道，终有一天我们将获得自由。,1,Focus on Language,1,2.Oedipus(Para.3)A figure in Greek mythology,(here)stands for the person who is good at solving riddles or problems.,1,Focus on Language,1,3.Oh,I have answers,but I dont have the answer,not the answer I think theyr
18、e looking for.(Para.5)I have answers as for how you can improve you English,but I dont have the answer that some Chinese English learners looked for.They are not looking for the answers I can give;as a matter of fact,they are looking for a short cut or golden touch in English study.Of course,there i
19、s no such thing in language learning.,1,Focus on Language,1,4.The truth is theres only one easy way to learn a language:(Para.6)“theres only one easy way to learn a language”is a predictive clause,in which relative pronoun“that”has been omitted.e.g.His suggestion is that you seek professional help.他
20、建议你寻求专业人士的帮助。Translation 这就是我们所说的“双重标准”。This is what we call“double standard”.,1,Focus on Language,1,5.during which children dont learn a language,but rather catch it like a disease.(Para.6)The author compares learning a language to catching a disease.This is a simile.Simile is a figure of speech,in
21、 which one thing is likened to another,in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.It is explicit comparison(as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit)recognizable by the use of words“like”or“as”.,1,Focus on Language,1,5.during which children dont learn a language,but rather catch
22、 it like a disease.(Para.6)The author compares learning a language to catching a disease.This is a simile.e.g.The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟飘落在地板上。Translation 择书如择友。Choose an author as you choose a friend.,1,Focus on Language,1,6.I suspect most people wh
23、o ask me that question“how can I improve my English?”already know all this.(Para.7)suspect:v.to think that something is probably true,especially something bad 怀疑（是真的）e.g.I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine.我怀疑引发动机出了毛病。Translation 她强烈怀疑他在对她说谎。She strongly suspected he was lying
24、 to her.,1,Focus on Language,1,6.I suspect most people who ask me that question“how can I improve my English?”already know all this.(Para.7)suspect:v.to think that something is probably true,especially something bad 怀疑（是真的）Dont confuse it with verb“to doubt”.doubt:v.to think that something may not b
25、e true or that it is unlikely 怀疑（某件事不是真的，不可能发生）,1,Focus on Language,1,6.I suspect most people who ask me that question“how can I improve my English?”already know all this.(Para.7)c.f.:I doubt that he has stolen my watch.我怀疑他偷了我的表。（我不相信他偷了我的手表。）I suspect that he has stolen my watch.我怀疑他偷了我的表。（我猜想他偷了我
26、的手表。）,1,Focus on Language,1,7.they figured out a method that works best for them.(Para.10)figure out:a)to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened 考虑出，计算出，解答 e.g.Can you figure out how to do it?你能不能想出该怎么办？,1,Focus on Language,1,7.they figured out a
27、 method that works best for them.(Para.10)figure out:a)to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened 考虑出，计算出，解答 Translation 不要担心，我们会想出办法的。Dont worry,well figure something out.(=find a way to solve the problem),1,Focus on Language,1,7.they figured out
28、 a method that works best for them.(Para.10)figure out:b)to understand why someone behaves in the way they do 理解，领会到 e.g.I cant figure out why she said so.我搞不懂她为什么这么说。Translation 我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。I cant figure out why he quit his job.,1,Focus on Language,1,8.but you should follow their example by blaz
29、ing your own trail.(Para.10)blaze a trail(way,path):to develop or do something new and important,or to do something that no one has done before 开辟道路，作开路先锋 e.g.When there is no beaten path,you must blaze a new trail.在无路可走时，你就必须要开辟一条新路。,1,Focus on Language,1,8.but you should follow their example by bl
30、azing your own trail.(Para.10)blaze a trail(way,path):to develop or do something new and important,or to do something that no one has done before 开辟道路，作开路先锋 Translation 亨利福特是汽车制造业的先驱。Henry Ford blazed a trail in manufacturing automobiles.,1,Focus on Language,1,9.Finally,I try to warn my students aga
31、inst discouragement.(Para.12)Verb“to warn”is a popular(universal)verb,and it has lots of collocations with prepositions.Help students to remember the following phrases and structures.to warn(sb.)against sth.:to advise sb.not to do sth.because it may have dangerous or unpleasant results e.g.Her finan
32、cial adviser warned her against such a risky investment.她的财务顾问警告她不要进行这样有风险的投资。,1,Focus on Language,1,9.Finally,I try to warn my students against discouragement.(Para.12)to warn(sb.)against doing sth.The policeman warned him against crossing the road at that place.警察提醒他不要在那个地方横穿马路。to warn sb.about st
33、h.Travelers to Africa are being warned about the danger of HIV infection.去非洲的旅行者得到警告，要防范艾滋病感染的危险。,1,Focus on Language,1,9.Finally,I try to warn my students against discouragement.(Para.12)to warn(sb.)of sth.They warned him of the danger.他们警告他有危险 to warn sb.(not)to do sth.I warned you not to walk hom
34、e alone.我提醒过你不要独自步行回家。,1,Focus on Language,1,10.As for those of you hoping to study abroad and trying to be fluent before you get there,(Para.13)as for sb./sth.:used when you are starting to talk about someone or something new that is connected with what you were talking about before 至于，就来说 e.g.You
35、can ask the others,but as for myself,Ill be busy in the office.你可以去请别人，至于我，我要在办公室忙工作。,1,Focus on Language,1,10.As for those of you hoping to study abroad and trying to be fluent before you get there,(Para.13)as for sb./sth.:used when you are starting to talk about someone or something new that is co
36、nnected with what you were talking about before 至于，就来说 Translation 很多人喜欢夏天，至于我，则更喜欢冬天。Most people like summer,but as for me,I like winter much better.,1,Focus on Language,1,11.Until you have to use the language,until its all around you,until you need to,until youre forced to,you wont get there.(Para
37、.13)To emphasize the time when you can be succeed in doing something,the adverbial clause of time is put at the beginning of the sentence.This device is called inversion.The normal sentence order should be“You wont get there until you have to,until its all,until you need to,until youre forced to.”,1
38、,Focus on Language,1,11.Until you have to use the language,until its all around you,until you need to,until youre forced to,you wont get there.(Para.13)not until:used to emphasize that something does not happen before a certain point in time or before something else has happened,often translated as“
39、直到才”.e.g.“Can I go out and play now?”“Not until youve done your homework.”“我现在能出去玩吗？”“作完作业再去。”,1,Focus on Language,1,11.Until you have to use the language,until its all around you,until you need to,until youre forced to,you wont get there.(Para.13)not until:used to emphasize that something does not
40、happen before a certain point in time or before something else has happened,often translated as“直到才”.Translation 他直到12点钟才离开办公室。He did not leave the office until 12 oclock.,1,Focus on Language,1,11.Until you have to use the language,until its all around you,until you need to,until youre forced to,you wont get there.(Para.13)get there:used in oral English,meaning succeed or achieve what one wants to.e.g.We all know that perfection is the goal,but how does one get there?我们都知道完美是目标，但是如何才能达到？,1,Focus on Language,1,1,1,
