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1、专题四书面表达,专题四书面表达,精华考点百度,考点一提纲类,(2011年高考课标全国卷)假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：,1本人简介；2求助内容；3约定时间；4你的联系方式(Email：lihua；Phone：12345678)。,注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头结束语已为你写好。Dear Sir/Madam，_,Look forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua,One possible ver
2、sion：Dear Sir/Madam，Im Li Hua，a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.Im writing to ask for help.I came here last month and found my courses interesting.But I have some difficulties with notetaking and I have no idea of how to use the library.I was told the Learning Center,provide
3、s help for students and Im anxious to get help from you.I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons.Please let me know which day is OK with you.You may email or phone me.Here are my email address and phone number：；12345678.Look forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua,文字提纲类作文是高考写作的考查热点之一，命题者
4、把材料分割成信息块，用独立的文字信息表示出来。1命题形式：常见的命题形式有短文提示类、要点提示类和表格提示类三种。它要求考生根据给出的提示性文字，首先确定文章的中心思想，然后紧紧围绕中心思想展开论述，表达主旨。,2命题特点：(1)提纲既体现了文章的层次，又规定了各段的大体内容，为考生提供了一条写作思路。考生只要稍加思索、计划、整理即可成文。(2)考查形式以书信、报道、通知、日记等为主，内容贴近学生的生活实际。3解题策略(1)认真审题并分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、大致内容以及文体。,(2)每一个要点可以作为文章的一个段落层次。段落的展开应围绕提纲的中心和内容，不
5、能偏离，也不能任意增减。(3)提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。考生需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句，然后围绕主题句进行扩展。,(4)搜集材料支持主题句。材料可以是例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即“扣题”，同时要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。,4常用句式(1)开篇句With the development of.I think.I am of the opinion that.Its often said that.At present，there is
6、a widespread concern that.There is no immediate solution to the problem of.，but.might be helpful.Modern technology has many advantages.Im very glad to have the chance to speak here.,(2)连接句Among all the given reasons，one should be mentioned.The main reason why.is that.Take.for example.Another conside
7、ration in this case is that.Besides，we should not neglect that.Therefore，these findings show the following information.Wonderful as.is，however，it has its own disadvantages as well.,(3)结束句Taking all these factors into account，we may safely reach the conclusion that.So we must.,Dear Sir/Madam，I learne
8、d from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary._ Im looking forward to your reply.Sincerely yours，Li Hua,现场答题,名师点评本文覆盖所有内容要点，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。所以判为一档卷，得24分。,考点二图表类,表示有意参加说明自己富有爱心、关爱动物打算为何种动物代言，并说明理由希望申请成功Application Form(
9、申请表),注意：1.请在答题卡规定区域内作答；2词数100左右；3“申请陈述”的第一句已经给出，不计入总词数。_,One possible version：I am a student from Xinhua Middle School in Chongqing，China.As a student，I am very affectionate towards animals，which is why I am interested in participating in this activity.On the brink of dying out now，sharks are the an
10、imals I really want to speak for.First of all，people are destroying their home by continuously polluting the sea.Second，people are killing them just for getting their fins to seek huge profits.So，I would really appreciate it if you can accept my application and allow me to be a member of your associ
11、ation.,图表类作文是高考英语书面表达的常考题型之一，此类题型要求考生根据数据进行分析与讨论，得出令人信服的结论，或者对这一结论进行评价。,1解题策略总的来说，本类体裁的文章往往按照“总分总”的模式进行写作。具体来说就是，先总体上提出观点，概括全文，即开门见山地点明图表的主题，再分点论述，最后再回归论点或提出自己的看法。其中，分点论述是文章的关键，一定要把握好分类词汇和对比连词的选用。其中常见的信息呈现形式及其解答策略如下：,(1)柱状图作为直观形象展示数据变化的手段之一，常常在高考英语书面表达试题中出现。而柱状图类议论文要求考生要具备一定的数据分析能力，要能够通过对宽度相等的柱形的高度的
12、比较来判断事物的动态发展趋势；,(2)英语曲线图作文实际是一篇“解说词”，即通过曲线图提供的信息，分析图中数据，综合出文章的主题。解答此类试题时，要认真观察坐标系信息，抓住曲线图变化趋势，结合提供的时间和数据参照寻求切入点。然后根据曲线图的变化过程，尽可能利用所给的文字信息进行分类、比较、总结。另外，写作过程中不必将图中全部数据信息加以描述，只需将典型内容加以分析。还有，要注意根据有无时间参照确定整篇文章时态。,2常用句式第一段引入话题(1)It shows/indicates/illustrates in the chart that.(2)As is shown/indicated/ill
13、ustrated in the chart，.(3)It can be seen from the table that.(4)From the sharp/marked rise/decline in the chart，it goes without saying that,(5)It is obvious in the table that the rate/number/amount of.has undergone dramatic changes.(6)It has gone up/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years.At the
14、 point of.reaches its peak.,第二段描述变化或原因(1)表示顺序：first(ly).；second(ly).；finally.(2)表示递进：whats more，besides，in addition，furthermore，to make matters worse，whats worse(3)表示解释：account for，that is to say，mean，in other words,(4)表示变化：快速上升 rise(increase/go up)sharply(rapidly/quickly/dramatically)The number sha
15、rply went up to.The figures reached the peak/bottom.缓慢下降 decrease(reduce/come down/decline/drop/fall)slowly(gradually)(5)表示对比：compare with，contrary to，on the contrary，in contrast to，while,(6)描述多重原因：1)Mainly there are.reasons behind the situation reflected in the above table.First of all.；More import
16、antly.；Most importantly.2)There are at least two good reasons accounting for.；On the one hand.；On the other hand.is due to the fact that.；In addition.is responsible for.,第三段总结或者评论1)Personally speaking，in a word，in conclusion，in short2)It can be concluded that.3)From the above discussion，we have enou
17、gh reasons to predict what will happen in the near future.,4)The trend described in the table will continue for quite a long time if necessary measures are not taken.5)As far as Im concerned，I hold the point/the view that.；Im sure my opinion is both sound and wellgrounded.,表示有意参加说明自己富有爱心、关爱动物打算为何种动物
18、代言，并说明理由希望申请成功Application Form(申请表),注意：(1)请在答题卡规定区域内作答；(2)词数100左右；(3)“申请陈述”的第一句已经给出，不计入总词数。,现场答题,名师点评文章熟练且巧妙地运用了诸多精美的语言来组织行文，这些都是锦言佳句，给人耳目一新的感觉。作者娴熟地运用各种句式，再配合连贯的语言和完整的结构，造就了一篇佳作。文中出现raise peoples awareness of animal protection高级词汇，运用句式Id appreciate it if you.都突显了作者不俗的英语语言功底，此文为满分作文。,考点三图画类,(2011年高考
19、福建卷)为纪念汶川大地震三周年，某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。请根据以下图片提示，以“Great Changes”为题，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要,1某中学灾后三年来的变化，如教学与活动场所，以及师生精神面貌等。2发生变化的原因；3你的感想。,注意：1.短文标题与开头已给出，不计入总词数；2可根据图片提示适当发挥；3词数：120左右。,Great ChangesI am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years._,One pos
20、sible version：Great ChangesI am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.,On May 12,2008，a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school，leaving badlydamaged buildings.It is now，however，taking on a new look.Tall buildings have
21、been put up，including classrooms and laboratory buildings，and a library.There is also a newlybuilt standard playground.In the new environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.It is really amazing that the onceruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school，full of l
22、ife.,Obviously，without the help of the whole society，there would be no new school today.It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.Many hands make light work.We can work wonders if we unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need.Union is strength.,图画作文是高考英语
23、书面表达的一种重要的命题形式。利用图画提供的写作情景来考查考生的观察能力和语言表达能力是高考传统的命题手段之一。其命题特点是：命题人利用图画给考生提供一个特定的写作情景，要求考生在细心观察图画和正确理解图画的基础上，确定文章的文体、主题和具体细节，然后精心组织语言表达出来。,1解题策略图画作文要求考生必须仔细看图，根据题目要求写出自己的作文。图画作文也可以当作三段式的提纲作文来写。第一段描述图画并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句话来概括就可以)，第二段分析原因，第三段发表评论或提出建议，其中第二、三段应该是写作的重点。,2常用句式(1)开头Look at this picture./The pict
24、ure shows that./From the picture，we can see./As is shown in the picture./As is seen in the picture./As is described in the picture./The purpose of the picture is to show us that./We can deduce from this picture that./The picture indicates/conveys the meaning that.,(2)衔接句As we all know，./As is known
25、to all./In my opinion，./As far as I am concerned，./This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.(3)结尾句In conclusion，./In brief，./On the whole，./In short，./In a word，./Generally speaking，./As has been stated，.,答 卷 实 录真题回放(2011年高考湖南卷)假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛，请按如下要求完成一篇短文：1.简要描述下图内容，并点明主题；2.联系实际，表达该图带给你
26、的启示。,注意：1.词数不少于120个；2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。,现场答题,名师点评文章的辞藻丰富，如：accumulate；reacted；individual；responsibility；create a harmonious society；in harmony with；on the other hand；develop a pleasant relationship with others，这些都体现了作者的词汇量非常丰富。另外，文章的语言衔接自然流畅，句式复杂多变。但是文中出现了语法错误，如：It convey(s)a message to us.A whole is m
27、ade up of many small parts are close(closely)related.此文达到了预期的写作目的，但书法一般，影响得分，判为20分。,考点四开放类,(2011年高考安徽卷)某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文。谈谈自己的一些做法。注意：1.词数100左右；,2短文中不能出现本人相关信息。_,One possible version：My Approach to Difficulties in Learni
28、ngAs high school students，we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.Everyone has their own way to deal with them.Here I would like to share mine.,When I am faced with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.In this way，I can not on
29、ly work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.Sometimes I also ask my parents for advice.As a result，I have made steady progress in my studies.,开放性作文，是相对于一直沿用的“书面表达”这种指导性写作(
30、Guided Writing)而言的。它是一种比传统的“书面表达”限制少的、留给考生自由发挥空间更多的考查学生书面表达能力的一种题型。开放性作文属于命题作文，考生要根据所给命题，进行独立构思，并做适当的发挥。它在一定程度上考查了考生的写作能力，即要求考生根据写作动机选择相应的写作策略，并根据自己已经具备的相应知识完成写作。,1解题策略(1)谋篇布局，拟定框架。(2)统筹时态。(3)推敲要点及表达方法。,2常用模板(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文题目 But it is well known t
31、hat the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that 观点一 In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows：in the first place 原因一；furthermore in the second place 原因二 So it goes without saying that 观点一,People however differ
32、 in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that 观点二 In their point of view on the one hand，原因一 On the other hand 原因二.Therefore there is no doubt that 观点二 As far as I am concerned，I firmly support the view that 观点一或二 It is not only because_but also because_.The more _the more_.,(2)利弊
33、型议论文Nowadays there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文题目.In fact there are both advantages and disadvantages in 题目议题 Generally speaking，it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly 优点一 And secondly 优点二,Just as a popular saying goes“every coin has two si
34、des”讨论议题 is no exception and in other words it still has negative aspects.To begin with 缺点一.In addition 缺点二 To sum up we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题 into full play and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case we will definitely make a better use of the 讨论议
35、题,(3)答题性议论文Currently there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文题目 It is really an important concern to everyone of us.As a result we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.,As we know，there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all，途径一 I
36、n addition，another way contributing to success of solving the problem is 途径二.,Above all，to solve the problem of 作文题目 we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned，I would prefer to solve the problem in this way，that is to say，方法,(4)谚语警句性议论文 It is well known to us that the prov
37、erb：“谚语”has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means 谚语的含义 The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows(also theoretically),A case in point is 例子一 Therefore it goes without saying that it is of great importance to practice the prov
38、erb 谚语 With the rapid development of science and technology in China，an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying：谚语 The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying，the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.,答 卷
39、 实 录真题回放(2011年高考湖北卷)请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就与人合作这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork.Teamwork shows us how other peoples roles fit the purpose of the group，and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.,注意：无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；除诗
40、歌外，文体不限；内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；词数为100左右。,现场答题,名师点评该文行文流畅，语言朴实自然，上下文衔接紧密，通过使用各种从句、结构等较好地架构了全文。文章运用only then引导的倒装句，文章结尾运用强调句型是本文的亮点。此文属一档作文，得22分。,一、评分细则1高考写作总分一般为25分，个别省份为30分，按5 个档次给分。2评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3词数少于或多于规定词数的，从总分中减去2分。,4评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量
41、和准确性、上下文的连贯性、根据表达内容的层次适当分段及语言的得体性。5拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6如书写潦草，从总分中减去3分；如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。,二、各档次的给分范围和要求(以满分30分为例)第一档：(2530分)很好地完成了试题规定的任务。对题中所提供的信息进行了恰当的描述，清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证。语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构
42、紧凑。,第二档：(1924分)较好地完成了试题规定的任务。对题中所提供的信息进行了描述，表达了自己的观点并进行了论证。应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求。语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。,第三档：(1318分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。能描述题目中的信息，表达了自己的观点并尝试进行论证。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。,第四档：(712分)未恰当完成试题规定的任务。能涉及到题目所提供的信息，体现了对问题的看法及其原因。语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。,第五档：(16分)未完成试题规定的任务。很少涉及题目中所提供的信息，个人观点表达不清，而且没有阐述原因。语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。0分信息未能传达给读者。未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；所写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法辨认。,
