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1、翻译的文化透视,吕晓菲,文化词汇的翻译策略,策略主要包括六种:音译、音意兼译、直译、直译加补充信息、意译、借用。1.音译北京 Beijing;八达岭 Badaling;功夫 Kongfu;麻将 mahjong;荔枝 Litchi;高粱 Kaoliang;算盘 suanpan;叩头 Kowtow,2.音意兼译胡同:Hutong,a passage between rows of coutyard houses,each consisting of a rectangular courtyard surrounded by one-story,tile-roofed houses.京戏 Beiji
2、ng Opera;杜甫草堂 Dufus Thatched Cottage;太湖 Taihu lake;峨眉山 Emei Mountain饺子 Jiaozi Chinese-style Ravioli馒头 Mantou Steamed Bread粽子 Zongzi(sticky rice dumpling wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves),(古城）西安街头饮食摊点比比皆是，琳琅满目的美味，让人不知道先吃什么好。吃羊肉泡馍，还是吃包子？More and more restaurants and food stalls have begun to line Xian
3、 streets,offering so many dazzling and delicious foods that it is hard to decide what to eat first.Will it be Yangroupaomo cake soaked in mutton or baozi-steamed buns with meat or vegetable fillings?,3.直译3.1 中菜与主食英译烹调法+原料 回锅肉 Twice-cooked Pork/Double Cooked Pork炒肉丝 Stir-fried Pork Slices;炖牛肉 Stewed
4、Beef;煎鸡蛋 Fried Eggs红烧鱼 Braised Fish with Brown Sauce狮子头 Lions head Pork Meat Balls,3.2 他连看都不看他们一眼，他想你他妈的猫哭老鼠 充什么好人？He did not so much as look at them,thinking,whats the good of your cats crying for the death of a rat?叫一声请!一齐动筷，却如风卷残云，早去了一半。At the signal to begin,they fell to with their chopsticks,li
5、ke a whirlwind scattering wisps of clouds.,旁边一人鼓掌大笑曰：“此事易如反掌，何必多议！”（三国演义）The one of those about him suddenly clapped his hands,crying,Its as easy as turning over ones hand!Why so much talk!他们愚弄过我们，我们要以其人之道还治其人之身。（子夜）We will pay them back for the trick they played on us.,风浪是意料中事;所谓 道高一尺,魔高一丈!(子夜）Heav
6、y seas were only to be expected.While the priest climbs a foot,the devil climbs ten!was the way it went.“君子动口不动手！”阿Q歪着头说。（阿Q正传）译1：A gentleman uses his tongue but not his hands!protested AH Q,his head on one side.译2：The superior man moves only his mouth and not his hand!shouted Ah Q,with his head twi
7、sted to one side.,4.直译加补充信息或注释狮子头 Lions Head Pork Meat Balls龙凤配 Dragon&Phoenix Two separate dishes characterize this distinctive plate.On one side,lobster meat in Sichuan chili sauce,which is inviting.On the other is house special chicken,which never fails in delighting.全家福 Happy Family A combinatio
8、n of shrimps,pork,beef,chicken,lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce,她在戏中扮演包公。She played the male role of Judge Bao in the opera.*Judge Bao is the just and impartial judge in Chinese history.就算你的是“阳春白雪”吧，这暂时既然是少数人享用的东西，群众还是在那里唱“下里巴人”（毛泽东选集）Your work may be as good as Spring Snow but if for t
9、he time being it caters only to be the few and the masses are singing for the song of the Rustic Poor.*Song of the Rustic Poor were songs of Kingdom of Chu in the 3rd century B.C.The music of the first was on a higher level than that of the second.,5.意译望子成龙 to hope that ones son will have a brillian
10、t future(become somebody)泡妞 carry on with(girls,women)/flirting with(girls,women)桃花运 lucky with beautiful girls穿小鞋 to make things hard for somebody麻辣豆腐 Spicy Bean Curd;鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce;椒盐排骨 Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt;咖哩牛肉面 noodle soup with sliced curry beef,.有个老李带来个八九岁的小姑娘，因
11、为没有吃的，愿意把姑娘送给人家逃个活命。二诸葛.就替小二黑收作童养媳。（小二黑结婚）Lao Li brought his daughter of about eight or nine years with him.To avoid starvation,he was willing to give the girl to anybody who wanted her.Kong Ming the second.took her into his house as little Erheis future wife.村里谁不知道小二黑不承认他的童养媳。（小二黑结婚）Everybody in th
12、e village knows that Little Erhei has never agreed to the engagement to the little girl his fathers chosen for him.,现在的共产党真厉害，九流三教 里到处全有。（子夜）They are up to all sorts of tricks now.Theyre everywhere.Youll find them in all walks of life.“不孝有三，无后为大”，也是一件人生之大哀。As the saying goes,There are three forms of
13、 unfilial conduct,of which the worst is to have no descendants,and it is one of tragedies of life.,6.借用 这个委员忽然打发人来叫他，他觉得这正是个一举两得 的机会，一来能给李如珍赔个人情，二来能高攀一下委员。（李家庄的变迁）Now this unexpected summons seemed an opportunity to kill two birds with one stone:first he could apologize to Li,and secondly he could s
14、ee the official.二诸葛说是个便宜，先问了下生辰八字，掐算了半天说：“千里姻缘一线牵。”Kong Ming the second thought it a good bargain;he cast her horoscope and declared,after muchcalculation,Two beings destined to marry each other,though born a thousand miles apart,can be tied together by a single string.,译者的风格以红楼梦英译本为例,周瑞家的听了笑道：“阿弥陀佛
15、，真坑死人的事儿！等十年未必都这样巧的呢。”杨宪益译文：Gracious Buddha!Mrs.Chou chuckled.How terribly chancy!You might wait for ten years without such a run of luck.霍克斯译文：God bless my soul!Zhou Ruis wife exclaimed:You would certainly need some patience!Why,you might wait ten years before getting all those things at the proper
16、 times!,盛筵必散。杨宪益译文：Even the grandest feast must have an end.霍克斯译文：Even the best party must have an end.那薛老大也是“吃着碗里看着锅里”的.杨宪益译文：Hsueh Pan is another of those greedyguts who keep one eye on the bowl and the other on the pan.霍克斯译文:You know what Cousin Xue is like:always one eye on the dish and the othe
17、r on the saucepan.,巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来。杨宪益译文：Even the cleverest housewife cant cook a meal without rice.霍克斯译文:Even the cleverest housewife cant make bread without flour!怡红院 Happy Red Court;The House of Green Delights怡红公子 The Happy Red Prince;Green Boy潇湘妃子 The Queen of Bamboos;River Queen,水浒传的译名The Water Margin Outlaws of the Marsh Sidney ShapiroAll Men are Brothers Pearl Buck你在家时，谁敢来放个屁？赛译：When you were at home,who dared to come near and pass his wind?杰译：When you were at home,who dared to come and insult me?,
