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1、Unit 3,Grammar and usageUnreal conditionals虚拟语气中的非真实条件句,虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中比较多,情况也比较复杂,所以要特别加以注意,首先要判断一下是否应该用虚拟语气,因为条件句分为两种,一种是真实条件句,一种是非真实条件句,只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气,在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。,虚拟语气的介绍,Observe the following sentences and tell Whether they are real or unreal conditional clauses.,If we go on
2、polluting the world,it wont be fit for us to live in.If you are busy doing your homework,I wont interrupt you.If you have finished cleaning the classroom,you can go home now.(Under these conditions,the things are sure to happen.),If there were a lot of good restaurants in the city,this would make it
3、 more attractive.(There arent many good restaurant now.)If a lot of people spoke English,it would be very helpful for tourists.(Not many people can speak English now.),非真实条件句的时态表达,如果假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小,可以说几乎没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表达,也就是说,这时的条件句是非真实的条件句。此时的句子时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步。,虚拟语气,1.条件从句和主句中的虚拟语气,主语+should/wo
4、uld/could/might+动词原形,主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词,主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形,注意：在if I/he/she/it 之后,可用were代替was。两者在意义上没有区别,但是were更为正式,特别是在称述心存怀疑的事情时:If she were ready,we would go.,在与将来事实相反的条件从句中,我们可以用were to或should+do来表示,如:If I were to fail my English test,I would have to take it again
5、 at the end of the term.If he should come tomorrow,I would talk to him about it.,在非真实条件句中,如果有were,had,should,我们可以将if省略,把这些词置于句首,采用倒装形式,如:If I should meet her,I would tell her.=Should I meet her,I would tell her.,虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装,If I were in your position,I would do it better.=Were I in your position,I
6、would do it better.If they had made preparations,they would have succeeded.=Had they made preparations,they would have succeeded.,有时非真实条件句中,主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生,这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格来进行,而需要按照各自的时间来调整,这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句。,错综时间条件句,e.g.If you had followed the doctors advice,then you would be all r
7、ight now.If I hadnt finished my composition by now,I would be working on it tomorrow.If she had prepared well for her lessons yesterday,she wouldnt have so many difficulties now.,有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。,用with,without等介词短语或分词短语或者独立主格结构来代替条件从句。,含蓄条件句,e.g.We might have died without yo
8、ur help.=We might have died if you hadnt helped us.Having known in time,we could have stopped it.=If we had known in time,we could stopped it.,在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外,尚有下列连词:otherwise;in case;but that;on condition that;unless;suppose/supposing(that);so long as;provided/providing(that),2.用相当于if 的其他连词表示虚拟结构,e
9、.g.I was busy last week,otherwise I would have come to see you.But that you had offered help,they couldnt have finished their work on time.,I would have given you more money,but I was poor then.I would have called you,but I forgot your telephone number.,3.通过上下文来虚拟,固定句式的虚拟语气should+动词原形;should可以省略：dem
10、and,suggest,advise,propose,insist,order,request,desire,urge,deserve,recommend,intend等词后所跟的宾语从句中,It+be+suggested/demanded+that 引导的主语从句 suggestion,proposal 引导的同位语从句 It is+important/necessary+that 从句 for fear that(惟恐)引导的从句中须 用should+动词原形,固定句式的虚拟语气,从句中用过去式(从句中,如果表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用过去式;如果表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成式
11、。)as if,as though,wish,would rather,if onlyIts high(about)time+从句时,从句谓语动词只能用过去式。,(1)_(2)_(3)_(4)_(5)_(6)_(7)_(8)_(9)_(10)_,Answers,attended,went,would/might be,would/might see,would/could be,did,had travelled,would have to take,would not have needed,travelled,My grandpas ifsHad beenHad;gotHad;had/if
12、;had hadWould;have been,_ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not,Practice,2.He came late,otherwise he _ the first bus.A.caught B.would catch C.would have caught D.had caught3.Mary was going to the wedding if
13、her friend _ her.A.hadnt called on B.didnt call at C.didnt call on D.hadnt called at,4.-Lets stop watching the boring TV programme,Jack!-If you dont watch it,I _,either.A.dont B.wont C.am not D.stop,5.-Shall I tell John about the bad news?-No,you _.I think that will make him sad.A.neednt B.wouldnt C
14、.shouldnt D.mustnt,6.Why did you throw the bottle out of the window?You _ somebody.A.might hurt B.could have hurt C.would hurt D.must have hurt 7.-Mum,may I got out and play?-No,you _.A.wont B.dont C.arent able to D.cant,8.From what I hear about their hotel and the weather,they _ their holiday very
15、much.A.would have enjoyed B.shouldnt have enjoyed C.neednt have enjoyed D.cant have enjoyed,9.-Did you hear me come in last night?-No,I _ asleep.A.cant be B.must be C.must have been D.couldnt have been,10.-Ill pay you by cheque monthly.-Id rather you _ me cash weekly.A.pay B.will pay C.are to pay D.
16、paid11.They didnt want to come with us at first.But then we _ persuade them.A.had managed to B.were able to C.did try to D.would have to,12.The doctor said,“Sir,you _ be sitting in this waiting room.Its for the children only.”A.oughtnt to B.cant C.mustnt D.wont,13.-Did Wei Hua have breakfast before
17、going to school yesterday?-No,but I think he _ have.A.will B.may C.should D.must14.I would have informed her if possible,but I _ so busy.A.were B.had been C.was D.would be,15.-No one was prepared for Mr.Hills questions.-I guess we _ the lesson last night.A.I would read B.ought to read C.should have read D.had read,Magic Lantern,Magic Brush,Discussion,What would you do if you had a?,Time Machine,One million,Homework,1.Finish Parts C1 and C2 on Page 116 in Workbook.2.Write a short passage about what would you do if you had.,
