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1、陆地卫星系列-Landsat,Characteristic,*1:The data reception by NASDA was finished to Jun 30,2001.*2:The data reception by NASDA was finished to Nov 30,2002.,Overview LANDSAT-1 is the world first earth observation satellite launched by the United States in 1972 and a memorable satellite which has been recogn
2、ized in availability being capable of observing the earth far from space.Its excellent observation ability brought about the importance of state-of-the-art remote sensing.Following LANDSAT-1,LANDSAT-2,3,4,5 and 7 were launched,and currently LANDSAT-7 is operated as a main satellite.LANDSAT-5 is equi
3、pped with Multispectral Scanner(MSS)and Thematic Mapper(TM).MSS is an optical sensor to observe the reflected solar radiation from the earth surface in four different spectral bands by a combination of the optical system and the sensor.TM is a more advanced version of observation equipment than MSS,
4、which observes the earths surface in 7 spectral bands ranging from visible to thermal infrared regions.LANDSAT-7 is equipped with Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+),the successor of TM.The observation bands are basically same seven bands as TM and the newly added band 8 with a 15m of high resolutio
5、n.,Characteristic,Orbits of Earth Observation SatellitesThe orbit is the path taken by the artificial satellites including earth observation satellites when they fly around the earth.There are several types of orbits,and the orbit is selected depending on purposes of the satellites.Earth observation
6、 satellites have a major mission to observe the entire earth,so they circle the most suitable Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit.Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit is a combination of sun-synchronous orbit and sub-recurrent orbit.,Sun Synchronous Orbit of Landsa
7、t 7,Sun Elevation Angle,Satellites and obits,陆地卫星系列-SPOT卫星,86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09,SPOT 5,SPOT 4,卫星运行,服务中断,发射日或重新开始服务日,SPOT 1,SPOT 2,SPOT 3,Overview The French earth observation satellites SPOT-1,2,3 and 4 were launched into a sun-synchronous sub-rec
8、urrent orbit at an altitude of about 822 km in 1986,1990,1993 and 1998 respectively.SPOT can observe not only the earths surface just underneath the satellite but also slantwise to the satellites path by changing the scan direction of the sensors.It can shorten the time period for observing a specif
9、ied area repetitively.SPOT-1,-2 and-3 are equipped with CCD sensors called High Resolution Visible Imaging System(HRV).SPOT-4 is equipped with two CCD sensors,HRVs successor,High Resolution Visible and Infrared(HRVIR)and Vegetation(VGT)*1.The observation bands of HRVIR are basically same as HRV and
10、the newly added band 4,short wave infrared(SWIR:1.58 to 1.75mm).VGT observes wide area with a swath of 2,250 km.,Spot 立体像对,轨道旁向倾斜，像对最短时间差为0.5小时自动相关生成DEM，高程精度为7-11米(VirtuoZo),SPOT的倾斜观测功能,重复观测能力单星：23天/次，多星：1天/次,20,20,600 Km maxi,HRS,120 Km,立体成像装置HRS,Spot-5基本产品,10米多光谱,5米全色,2.5米全色,+,Spot-5增值产品,10米多光谱,5米
11、Pan,Spot 5 同轨立体像对,Spot 5 HRS立体像对生成的10米高程精度DEM,二、陆地卫星系列-IKONOS,IKONOS:1米全色4米多光谱1米全色-锐化,轨道:680km,太阳同步,98.2 倾斜,IKONOS光谱波段,红波段.63-.69 microns(4m),近红外.76-.90 microns(4m),蓝波段.45-.52 microns(4m),绿波段.52-.60 microns(4m),全色.45-.90 微米的图像(1m）,Overview of IKONOSSince its launch in September 1999,Space Imagings I
12、KONOS earth imaging satellite has provided a reliable stream of image data that has become the standard for commercial high-resolution satellite data products.The IKONOS satellite is the worlds first commercial satellite to collect black-and-white images with 1-meter resolution and multispectral ima
13、gery with 4-meter resolution.Sensor CharacteristicsThe IKONOS satellite weighs about 1600 pounds.It orbits the Earth every 98 minutes at an altitude of approximately 680 kilometers or 423 miles.IKONOS was launched into a sun-synchronous orbit,passing a given longitude at about the same local time(10:30 A.M.)daily.IKONOS can produce 1-meter imagery of the same geography every 3 days.Spectral Range1-meter black-and-white(panchromatic)0.45-0.90 mm.4-meter multispectral Blue:0.45-0.52 mmGreen:0.51-0.60 mmRed:0.63-0.70mmNear IR:0.76-0.85 mm,陆地卫星系列-QuickBird,
