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1、,Lesson 57,New words,Madam n.太太，夫人jeans n.牛仔裤hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑serve v.接待（顾客）scornfully adv.轻蔑地punish v.惩罚fur n.裘皮eager adj.热切的，热情的,Madam/mdm/n.(对妇女的尊称)太太，夫人1)信的称呼Dear madam,2)关于女性的称呼3)关于男性的称呼,Miss1)对未婚女子姓名的称谓 Miss Hill2)小学生对女教师的尊称 Miss YuMrs.夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前）Mrs.BrownMs.女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms.Mary,Mr.先生（男子姓或
2、姓名前，职务前）Mr.White 怀特先生Mr.President 总统先生Sir对男子的礼貌称呼 Yes,sir.中小学生对男老师的称呼 信的称呼 Dear Sir,jeans/di:nz/n.牛仔裤世界第一条牛仔裤的发明人Levi Strauss（利瓦伊史特劳斯）A woman in jeans,clothes shoesshirt 衬衫 boots 靴子coat 大衣 sandals 凉鞋sweater 毛衣 sneakers 旅游鞋T-shirt T恤衫dress 连衣裙skirt 短裙pants 裤子jacket 夹克衫vest 背心,shirt,coat,sweater,T-shi
3、rt,dress,skirt,pants,jacket,vest,hesitate/heztet/v.犹豫，迟疑hesitate 的用法hesitation n.without hesitation 毫不犹豫,1)hesitate at/over/about sthHe hesitates at nothing.他从不优柔寡断。2)hesitate to do sthDont hesitate to say no.3)hesitate in doing sthI hesitated in telling the truth.,serve/s:v/1)v.服务，为.效力，接待（顾客）serve
4、as 担任He served two terms as President.serve a sentence 服刑2)(食物)足够.人的份额The cake can serve ten people.Service n.服务at ones service 为某人效劳service station 加油站service industry 服务业,serve,v.接待(顾客)Can I serve you in any way?我能帮你忙吗？,New words,Madam n.太太，夫人jeans n.牛仔裤hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑serve v.接待（顾客）,adv.轻蔑地,scorn
5、fully,scornfully/sk:nfl/adv.轻蔑地Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.scorn v.鄙视scornful adj.鄙视的，轻蔑的A scornful smileA scornful look,scorn/sk:n/n.鄙视，轻蔑pour scorn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口气说到某人某事2)v.鄙视，傲慢的拒绝scorn sbs invitation 傲慢的拒绝某人的邀请 scorn sbs advice 鄙视某人的建议scorn sbs offer 拒绝某人的帮助,p
6、unish,惩罚punish sb.惩罚某人The boy was punished for being late.这男孩因迟到受到处分。,punish/pn/v.惩罚punish sb for sthThe teacher punished him for cheating on the exam.give a lesson to sb 教训某人一顿teach sb a lesson 教训某人一顿punishment n.惩罚 capital punishment 死刑,fur/f:/n.裘皮，皮毛A coat of fur=a fur coatMake the fur fly 引起争吵，打
7、倒leather 皮革feather 羽毛,eager,adj.热切的,热情的be eager to do 急欲,渴望做 I am eager to do it.我极想做这件事。,eager/i:/adj.热切的，渴望的1)be eager for sthWe are eager for success.2)be eager to do sthThe assistant was eager to serve her this time.,New words,Madam n.太太，夫人jeans n.牛仔裤hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑serve v.接待（顾客）scornfully adv.
8、轻蔑地punish v.惩罚fur n.裘皮eager adj.热切的，热情的,Enjoy the story,Can I help you,madam?,Find two words to describe the change of the man.,Before.scornfully,After.eager,What does the word“scornfully”mean？,What caused the change?,Before.jeans 牛仔裤,After.fur coat 裘皮大衣,Dialogue（对话）Man:Can I help you,madam(夫人)?Woma
9、n:Yes.May I try on this dress?Man:Im afraid that the dress was sold.,In fact,the dress is not sold.,This man looked down upon 看不起 the woman.,This man is really a snob(势利眼).,1.Why did the shop assistant glance at the woman scornfully and tell her that the dress was sold?He did not like the way she wa
10、s dressed.2.How was the woman dressed when she returned to the same shop the following morning?She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.3.Did the woman get what she wanted?Yes,she did.,A woman in jeans stood at t
11、he window of an expensive shop.1.穿戴小结2.at 和in 的区别3.expensivecheapmore expensive/the most expensivecheaper/cheapest,do window shopping,do window shopping,dress,wear,put on,in,with的用法小结1.in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。Can you see that woman in the blue coat?你能看见那个穿蓝外套的女士吗？He is in a bla
12、ck nylon jacket today.今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。,2.put on“穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out.如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。,3.wear“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如：Youd better wear blue or black pants with brown shoes.穿棕色鞋子的时
13、候,最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。Why does he often wear dark sun-glasses?他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜？,4.dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”1）dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。My son is now able to dress himself.我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed!该起床穿衣服了。2）be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。He was dressed in a black suit.他穿着一套黑衣服3）dres
14、s up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。Id like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight.今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。,be dressed in dress sbdress oneselfdress up,盛装打扮穿着为自己穿衣服为穿衣服,1.She was dressed in black.2.Mother would dress you when you were young.3.Tom is old enough to dress himself.4.Children dress up and go to their n
15、eighbors homes to ask for sweets.,the way she was dressedThe way后跟定语从句，引导词可用in which/that/不填,5.with表示穿戴，只能作定语，而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用，不能接衣服。The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.戴深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长。with表示某人有某生理特征。The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face.警察正在搜寻一个脸上有疤的人。,at 和 in 表示地点的区别1.在表示地点或场
16、所时，一般来讲，较大的地方用in,较小的地方用atThere were a lot of people in the street.I would like to live in a warm country.He lives at 27 West Street.Ill see you at the station.,2.当用at 或 in 来谈论建筑物时，in强调在建筑物里面，at则笼统的指在这个建筑物周围。at the restaurant 可以是在餐馆里面，也可以在餐馆附近in the restaurant强调在餐馆里面,Though she hesitated for a moment
17、,she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.1.though 引导的让步条件句though译为虽然但是 后面不可以加but2.关于moment 的词组3.ask的用法,关于moment的词组at the moment 眼下,当前 for the moment 暂时,目前 at this/that moment 在此、那时 at this moment in time 此时此刻 in a moment 立刻、马上 for a moment 一会儿 wait/just a moment 稍等一小会儿 th
18、e last moment 最后一刻 big moment 大好时机 choose/pick your moment选择好的时机,ask的用法1.ask about sth(sb)询问有关某人或某事的情况She asked about his health.她询问他的健康状况。2.ask after sb 问候某人(的健康)。They all ask after you.他们都问候你(的健康)。3.ask for sth 要求得到某物或要求与某人见面。He asked for some water.他要些水。,4.ask sb for sth向某人要某物或请某人给某物。They asked m
19、e for help.他们向我求助。5.ask to do sth要求或请求做某事。He asked to go alone.他要求一个人去。6.ask sb to do sth 请或叫某人做某事。He asked us to wait for him at the gate.他叫我们在门口等他。,The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.like的用法,like 的用法1.like+名词/代词 表示喜欢某人或某物She likes her students very much.2.like doing
20、sth.喜欢做某事I like reading.3.like to do sth.喜欢做某事I dont like to read this evening.,Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.1.分词作状语,分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词1.现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。2.过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动
21、关系。Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。,3.分词的否定形式就是在分词前加notNot having heard from her son for a long time,the mother worried a great deal.4.分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。,The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to p
22、unish the assistant next day.1.decide 的用法,decide v.决定，决心；名词形式为decision1)跟名词或代词It is the people who decide the fate of mankind.决定人类命运的是人民。The question will be decided by themselves.问题将由他们自己决定。2)跟不定式 decide to do sthHe decided to give a one-man show.他决定唱一段独角戏。,3)跟从句Lets first decide where we should go
23、.我们先决定一下到什么地方去。It is not decided whether we will go there.还没有决定我们是不是去那儿。4)跟介词短语(跟on或upon,表示“就某事做出决定”)Dont decide on important matters too quickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。,She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.1.The foll
24、owing morning=the next morning,After seeking out the rude assistant,she asked for the same dress.seek sb/sth out=reach out 找出，搜寻出seek for=look for=search forseek sought sought,Not realizing who she was,the assistant was eager to serve her this time.1.Not realizing who she was 分词的否定形式2.be eager to do
25、 热切的做某事,With great difficulty,he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.,As soon as she saw it,the woman said she did not like it.1.As soon as,hardlywhen,no soonerthan 的用法,As soon as,hardlywhen,no soonerthan1)as soon as A事发生后就做B这件事Ill write you as soon as I get there.2)no soonerthan 刚做完A这件事就做
26、B这件事He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.3)hardlywhen 几乎未来得及做完A这件事就做B这件事He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.,She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.1.enjoy sb doing st
27、h 开心做某事2.使役动词 make,let,have3.程度副词,使役动词make,let,have1）make,let,have后面的动词不定式不加to，即 make/have/let sb.do sth.make sb.do sth(含迫使、强迫之意)让某人做某事I cant make him change his mind.The teacher made the boy write the exercise again.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事（无强迫之意）Dont let him persuade you.不要让他把你说服了。Dont let the childre
28、n touch anything in this roomplease.,程度副词的种类1.肯定absolutely,almost,completely,enough,entirely,extremely,fairly,far,just,much,nearly,only,quite,rather,really,so,too,very等。2.否定barely,scarcely,hardly,用正确的介词填空 A woman _jeans stood _the window of an expensive shop.Though she hesitated for a moment,she fin
29、ally went _and asked to see a dress that was _the window.Glancing _her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.The woman walked _the shop angrily._great difficulty,he climbed _the shop window.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything _the window.,textCan I help you，mada
30、m？A woman in _ stood at the window of an _.Though she hesitated for a moment,she finally _ and asked to see a dress that was _ the window.The assistant who served her did not like _ she was dressed.Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress _.The woman walked out of the shop _ and decided
31、 to _ next day.She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag _ and a long umbrella _.After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for _.Not realizing who she was,the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty,he climbed into _ to get the
32、dress.As soon as she saw it,the woman said she did not like it.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything _ before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.,a blue jeans,an expensive shop,went in,in,the way,was sold,angrily,Punish the assistant,in one hand,in the other,
33、the same dress,the shop window,in the window,独立主格结构 一、独立主格结构的相关概念 构成：逻辑主语+逻辑谓语 特点：1.用逗号与主句分开；2.逻辑主语与主句主语不同，单独存在。句中位置：句前、句末或句中，位置相当灵活。注意事项：独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词。,例：Weather permitting,we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨旅游。析：weather permitting为独立主格结构，该结构与主句之间用逗号隔开，weather
34、为逻辑主语；permit为逻辑谓语，独立主格结构与主句之间没有任何连接词。初步总结：1.独立主格结构的主语和主句主语肯定不同（例句中的是weather和we）；2.两者之间没有连词连接。（只有两个完整的句子之间用逗号时，才有连词的存在空间。Weather permitting本身不是完整的句子，所以不可能用连词。）,独立主格结构的两种类型：1 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2 逻辑主语+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）,1.逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）逻辑主语+不定式 由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态，在句中常
35、作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。例：His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来，他正在忙着准备晚饭。析：“来”的动作还没有发生，表示将来。逻辑主语+现在分词 现在分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在现在分词前加上逻辑主语，这便构成了现在分词的独立主格结构，该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语等例：The guide leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the fores
36、t.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。析：lead动作的发出者是the guide，两者构成逻辑上的主谓关系。逻辑主语+过去分词例：The key to the bike lost,he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行回学校。析：the key肯定是被人给Lost的，所以两者之间构成动宾关系。,逻辑主语+不定式：表示尚未发生或即将发生的动作。逻辑主语+现在分词：表示动作正在进行。逻辑主语+过去分词：表示被动或者完成意义。,逻辑主语+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。这种结构往往看做是“名词
37、/代词+being+表语”结构中省略了being，主要有如下几种情况：逻辑主语+名词例：I received many gifts,many of them books.我收到很多礼物，其中很多是书籍。逻辑主语+形容词/副词例：Music over,all the audience stood up with fits of applause.音乐以结束，所有的观众都站了起来报以热烈的掌声。逻辑主语+介词短语例：Many people were lined along the streets,flags in hands.很多人排队站在街道旁，手里拿着旗子。,应避免写分词逻辑主语和句子主语不一
38、致的句子。如:Walking along the road,an accident happened.Listening to the radio,there was a knock at the door.,Walking along the road,I saw an accident.()Listening to the radio,I heard a knock at the door.(),使用独立主格结构的五点注意当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over(=Class being ov
39、er/Class over),the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。2.在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday,we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在There being名词的结构中。如：There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。,3.在“名词（或代词）介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形
40、容词性物主代词和冠词。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in his hand.4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如：The chief-editor arriving,we began the meeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised.,5.独立主格结构作时间或原因状
41、语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：The listeners having taken their seats,the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。Tom having been late over and over,his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。,.分词固定短语：(有时表示说话人态度的分词结构已成为固定短语,不遵循其逻辑主语和句子主语一致的原则)。eg.)1.Judging from her accent,she must be an American.2.Genarally spea
42、king,the living costs are relatively higher in cities.3.Talking of the world resources,they are very limited.4.No wonder he was taken ill,considering that he had been overworking for years.5.Taking as a whole,the experiment was a success.,有时,独立主格结构可以由with引出:eg.)The child trembled,with hands red with
43、 cold.The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green.树叶都绿了,使得公园很漂亮。The road is beautiful,with trees and flowers growing well here and there.有时,这种结构中的冠词或物主代词可省去,称为泛指结构,反之,称为特指结构.Eg.)He came out,umbrella in hand.=He came out,with an umbrella in his hand.The guards stood at attention,guns on shoulders.=The guards stood at attention,with guns on their shoulders.,
