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1、Crack the confusing items concerning tenses,突破时态易混点,动词的常用时态,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时,3.一般将来时,4.现在进行时,5.过去进行时,6.现在完成时9.现在完成进行时,7.过去完成时,8.过去将来时,一、对一般现在时的考查1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示现阶段习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态。常与表示习惯的副词always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进
2、行干扰。1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storm.（2005年辽宁卷）was called B.is called C.had been called D.has been called,2.表客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。,地球围着太阳转。,The earth moves around the sun.,他昨天说地球围着太阳转。,He said the earth moves around the sun.,注意：此用法如果出现在宾语
3、从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时,3.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter,however,even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。What will you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on,since weve got everything re
4、ady.（2005年全国卷）A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining,知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1.下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。,2.倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：,When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.,The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.,火车明天六点钟开。,汽车什么时候开？汽车十分钟后开。,汽车来了。,Here comes
5、the bus.,=The bus is coming.,二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某阶段发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。I bought a new car three days ago.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to
6、study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sent,典型例题-Your phone number again?I _ quite catch it.-Its 69568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant,（本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。）,1.I _ you not to move my dictionary-now I cannot find it.A.asked B.ask C.was
7、 asking D.had asked,三.一般将来时,will/shall(I,we)do,be going to do,be to do,be about to do一般现在时表将来动作现在进行时表将来的动作,2.be going to+do，表示将来。,a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。,你明天准备干什么？,What are you going to do tomorrow?,b.有迹象要发生的事,看那乌云！要下雨了。,Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.,3.be+to do表将来，,We are to discuss the report
8、next Saturday.,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。,我们下周六要讨论这个计划。,We were about to leave when the telephone rang.We were planting trees when it began to rain.,4 be about to+do,意为正要做、马上要做某事。,=will do at once,我们正要出门这时电话响了。,be going to/will的用法之比较：,用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。,If you are going to make a journey,youd better
9、 get ready for it as soon as possible.,如果你要旅行，你最好尽快做好准备。,Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,如果你现在愿意脱下你的衣服，我们愿意在镜子前为你试穿新衣服。,英语句型“祈使句+and/or+简单句1.Speak of angels，and youll hear their wings.说到某人，某人就到。2.Respect yourself,or no one else will re
10、spect you.人必自敬，然后人敬之。3.Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.积少可以成多；小事注意，大事自成。4.Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。,脱下衣服,你会感到舒服些.Take off your clothes,and youll feel better.2.努力点工作,你会成功的。Work harder,and youll succeed.3.吃了药,你就会好的。Take the medicine,and youll be
11、fine.4.跑快点,否则你要迟到了。Run quickly,or youll be late.,你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。Please call me up before you come,or we might be out.好好学习，天天向上。Work hard and you will make progress every day.,四.现在进行时,am/is/are doing,1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。,我们正在上英语课。,We are having/taking an English lesson.,2.习惯进行：表示现阶段正在从事的动作，但可
12、能说话时动作未必正在进行，常与these days,this month,this term 等连用。,Mr.Green is writing another novel.,(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。),She is learning the piano under Mr.Smith.,3.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。,You are always changing your mind.,你老是改变主意。,他总是帮助别人。,He is always helping others.,4.现
13、在进行时表将来,意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用词为 come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。,Are you staying here till next week?,Im leaving tomorrow.,我准备明天离开。,你打算在这里待到下个礼拜吗？,对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间。1)Whats the terrible noise？The neighbors _ for a partyA.have prepared B.are preparing C.prepare D.will prepare2)Because the shop
14、 _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.has closed down B.closed down C.is closing down D.had closed down,五、对过去进行时的考查I was walking down the street when it began to rain.,When it began to rain,I was walking,now,典型例题1)Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is makingC.was making D.makes2)As
15、 she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read;was fallingB.was reading;fell C.was reading;was fallingD.read;fell,C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。,B.句中的as=when,while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell(fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。,1.把过
16、去进行时放在when,while,as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.（2004年福建卷）A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waited,2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。Has Sam finished his homework t
17、oday?I have no idea.He _ it this morning.A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing,句型：过去进行时+when+一般过去时“正在干（这时）突然”正在做一件事的时候突然发生另一件事，使得原本正在做的动作被中断。I was d
18、oing washing when he called on me.I was leaving for school when Wenchuan Earthquake happened.我正在商场购物，正在那时停电了。I was shopping in the shopping mall when the electricity were cut off.,他正在写信,正在那时他哥哥闯进他的房间。He was writing a letter when his brother broke into his room.我正在马路走，突然后面有人喊我。I was walking along the
19、 street when someone called me from behind.他们正在阅读，突然汤姆痛苦地大叫。They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.,1.He _ a book about China last year,but I dont know if he _ it.A.wrote;has finished B.was writing;has finished C.was writing;had finished D.wrote;will finish,2.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asle
20、ep.A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell,1.一般过去时和过去进行时,过去进行时表当时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态.,结论:长动作在进行时,被一个短动作打断,长动作用进行体,短动作用一般过去时.,二、易混时态辨析,六.现在完成时,have/has done,1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。,我以前没听说过那件事。,I have never
21、heard of that before.,我刚弄丢了数学书。,I have just lost my maths book.,2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。,如：for+一段时间和since+时间点，以及 so far,up till/to now,to date,in the past/last/recent+一段时间,this week(month,year)，these days等。,这些天我没见到他。,I havent seen him these days.,我们学英
22、语7年多了。,We have learned English for more than seven years.,注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come,go,die,marry,buy,leave,begin等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。,他们自从1990年就住在这。,They have lived here since 1990.,在过去的350年里美国发生了什么事？,What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?,他们离开这里2年了。,They have left here for 2 years.,
23、They have been away from here for 2 years.,我爷爷过世5年了。,My grandpa has died for 5 years.,My grandpa has been dead for 5 years.,My grandpa died 5 years ago.,It is 5 years since my grandpa died.,Five years has passed since my grandpa died.,since的四种用法,1.since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,last month,half pas
24、t six)。,I have been here since 1989.,我自从1989年以来就在这。,2.since+一段时间+ago,我自从5个月前就在这。,I have been here since five months ago.,3.since+从句,Great changes have taken place since you left.,自从你离开后，这儿发生了巨大变化。,4.It is+一段时间+since从句,It is two years since he graduated.,他毕业两年了。,-Do you know our town at all?-No,this
25、is the first time I _ here.A.wasB.have been C.came D.am coming,2.-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come B.even,have come C.ever,come D.ever,have come,用于现在完成时的句型,1.It/This is the first/second,etc,+time+that+现在完成时。,It is the first time that I have visited the c
26、ity.,This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.,这是我第一次参观这个城市。,(It was the third time that the boy been late.）,had,2.This is the+序数词/最高级+that+现在完成时.,这是我看过的最好的电影。,This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.,这是我第一次听到他唱歌。,注意：,It is+一段时间+since+瞬间动词的过去式,“自从以来有多长时间了”,It is+一段时间+since+延续动词的过去式,“自从不以来有多长时
27、间了”,It is two years since he graduated.,他毕业两年了。,It is two years since he lived here.,他不在这住有两年了。,have/has gone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人还没回来。,have been(to)和have gone(to)的区别：,have/has been(to)表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人已经回来了。侧重指经历。,He has been to Beijing.He has gone to Beijing.,他已经去了北京。（人不在这儿）。,他曾去过北京。（人已回来）,考查现在完成时
28、与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时说明过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。Where _the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET）I _ it right here.But now its gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;put,2)Millions of pounds worth of damage
29、_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.（2005重庆）has been caused B.had been caused C.will be caused D.will have been caused,请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：,（强调看过了。）,（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film twice.,（她是昨天回来了。）,（她已从巴黎回来了。）,注意：句子中如有具体的过去时间副词（如 yesterda
30、y,last week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。,（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,典型例题：,1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet,首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时
31、。,2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be,等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.,七、对现在完成进行时的考查构成:have/has been+doing概念:表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：1.
32、现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article.I have been writing an article.2.有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years.=I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry,get up,come,go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。,强调：已完成性,强调：持续性，未完成性,1)Now that she is
33、 out of a job,Lucy_going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider2)-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.“-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted,七、过去完成时的用法1、概念：表示过去的过去。
34、,-|-|-|-过去的过去 过去 现在 其结构是：had+过去分词,2、过去完成时的用法：,(1)过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语。,到去年底为止，我们建了5栋新房子。,By the end of last year we had built five new houses.,在他上大学前，他就学了5000个单词。,He had learnt 5000 words before he entered the university.,Before he slept,he had worked for 1
35、2 hours.,在他睡觉前，他工作了12小时。,He said(that)he had never been to Paris.,他说他从没去过巴黎。,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。,When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.,当警察到达的时候贼已经逃跑了。,表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本打算做，We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,
36、1)When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）A.started;had already hidden B.had started;had already hidden C.had started;was hiding D.was starting;hid,常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。,把过去完成时放在by+过去时间点或by the time+从句
37、（一般过去时）的句子里考查。By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）A.would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed,用一般过去时代替完成时 1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
38、2)两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。When I heard the news,I was very excited.3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,时间,现在,过去,那时所预见的情况,八、过去将来时,一、基本概念：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。1)He said his mother wo
39、uld buy a bike for him2)My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.3)Would it be all right if he knew his illness?,二、基本形式：wouldshould动词原形（其中 would 用于各种人称，should 常用于第一人称）。例如：They were sure they would win the final victory他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there他没想到我们都在那里
40、。,三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：,1wasweregoing to动词原形,他说他准备试试。,He said he was going to try,4过去进行时也可用于表示将来（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come，leave，start，open，begin 等）。,2waswereto动词原形,他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。,They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day,3waswere about动词原形,我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。,We were about to go out when
41、 it began to rain,I didnt know when they were coming again,我不知道他们什么时候再来。,四、用法注意点：1在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。,When he was a child he would get up early,2“would动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，都可用would。,他说他有时间就来看望你。,He said he would come to see you when he had time,他年幼时，总是很早起床。,1.-Do you work here?-No,I d
42、ont really work here.I _ until the new secretary comes.just help outB.have just helped outC.am just helping outD.will just help out,举一反三破定势,造成思维定式的干扰因素：,comes,从现主将,误选,just,完成时标志,误选B,题眼：,I dont really work here,暂时性工作,正确选项 C,Just 的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句,2.I_in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my f
43、inal decision to move back to China.(重庆卷).lived B.was livingC.have lived D.had lived,造成思维定势的干扰因素：,for many years,完成时标志,误选C/D,解题关键：,For many years 与现在无联系,一般过去时,A,一句辨析：,This/It is the first/secondtime+that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is 改为was，则that 从句用过去完成时。如：This is the first time I have come here.It wa
44、s the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.It is/has been+一段时间+since+过去时。It was+一段时间+since+过去完成时。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.,三、时态的特殊句式,be about to dowhen意为“即将（这时）突然”。如：I was about to go out when the telephone rang.be(was/were)+doing when 意为“正在干（这时）突然”。They were r
45、eading when Tom shouted in pain.Hardly/Scarcely(scarcely 英skesl 美skrsliadv.几乎不，简直不；简直没有)+had+subject+donewhen;No sooner had+subject+donethan=as soon as.,when 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚就”。如：Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。,It+be+一段时间+before 从句这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则
46、从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：It wont be long before he succeeds.(=He will succeed soon.)It was ten years before they met again.(=They met again ten years later.),解动词填空题“三步曲”,1.I(have)this book for 2 weeks.,have had,are planted,一看时间状语,2.Every year,many trees(plant)along
47、 the river.,3.Keep quiet,please!They(have)a lesson.,are having,4.-Hi,Lin Tao.I didnt see you at the party.-Oh,I(get)ready for the exam.,was getting,5.Tom(go)to bed early，but his brother doesnt.,6.Listen!Jims radio(make)a loudnoise.Would you please tell him to turn it down?,goes,is making,二观上下文联系,三找隐含条件,
