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1、Unit 12Culture Shock文化冲击,必修四,1whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter和what,who,which,when,where,how连用,句型公式妙笔生花,(2011高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon,or whenever it is convenient to you.请在今天下午或在你方便的时候打电话告诉我的秘书安排一个会议.Whichever(No matt
2、er which)of them you may choose,the quality will be the same.,他们当中不论你选哪一个,品质都一样.2whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever等引导名词性从句,这时不能用no matter疑问词替换She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.,她对于我们非常珍贵,我们要不惜一切代价挽救她的生命.3完全倒装句型Now comes your turn to make a short
3、speech.该轮到你发言了.Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们期盼的时候到了.,Just in front of the bus lies an injured man,all covered with blood.公共汽车前面有一位老人,浑身是血.4否定副词位于句首引导部分倒装句Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.,直到我开始工作,我才意识到我已经浪费了多少时间.In no case is anyone allowed to
4、 use the fax for personal affairs.决不允许用传真办私事.,核心单词1_vt.吸收;吸引;使专心2_n交换,调换;交流;vt.兑换,交换3_n大多数,大半4_adj.合乎情理的;正当的,absorb,exchange,majority,reasonable,5_adj.谦虚的,谦逊的;适度的6_n运动,活动7_n礼貌,礼仪_n方式,态度,举止8_n请求,要求的事物9_adj.熟悉的;常见的,modest,movement,manners,manner,request,familiar,10_adj.外向的,好交际的11_adj.小心的,谨慎的12_n习惯,习俗,
5、风俗13_vt.出口,输出14_n相反;adj.相反的15_vt.原谅,宽恕,outgoing,cautious,custom,export,contrary,forgive,16_n道歉,认错_vi.道歉17The dog wagged its tail in _ of a bone but is _ to go out.18The volcano _(爆发)and the _(爆发)killed a lot of creatures near the hill.,apology,apologize,expectation,expected,erupted,eruption,高频短语1_让搭
6、车,搭便车2_ 给(某人)送行3_ 属于4_ 坚决要求做某事5_ 盯着某人,give.a lift,see.off,belong to,insist on doing sth,stare at,6_ 依附于7_ 严肃地看待某事8_ 状况不好9_ 对敏感10_ 习惯于11_ 至少,be attached to,take.seriously,in poor condition,be sensitive to,get used to,at least,12_ 与相反13_ 结束14_ 许多,大量,contrary to,put/bring an end to,loads of,典型句式1be bus
7、y doing sth.忙于做某事Ive just been so _(忙于学习和努力接受)all the new things around meI think Im still experiencing culture shock.,busy studying and trying to absorb,2have a difficult time(in)doing sth.做某事有困难When I first arrived in San Francisco,_(我感到很难理解)certain aspects of the American way of doing things.,I h
8、ad a difficult time understanding,3表示时间的名词词组引导时间状语从句I had a similar experience _(上次)I visited China.,the last time,4hit/beat/pat sb.介词the表身体部位的名词In the darkness,Kino jumped up with his knife but someone _(打他的头)and ran away.,hit him on the head,5be about to do sth.when.正要做某事,这时He _ them,_(正要袭击,这时)the
9、 hunters heard the baby.,was just about to attack,when,单元语法动词后跟ing形式或不定式形式1(2011高考安徽卷)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.AbreakBbreakingCbroken Dto break,解析：选D.此处所要表达的意思是让巧克力更容易掰成一小块一小块的,表示的是尚未发生的目的性动作,所以用动词不定式形式.,2(2012浙江温州适应性测试)The bathroom looks
10、 lovely.Did you decorate it yourself or get someone _ it?Abe doing BdoneCdo Dto do,解析：选D.该句考查get sb.to do sth.结构,表示“让某人做某事”,故选D.,3(2011高考大纲全国卷)Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.Asays BsaidCto say Dsaying,解析：选D.say与其逻辑主语Sarah构成主谓关系,因此使用现在分词,作伴随状语,故选D.,4(2011高考湖南卷)Do you wake
11、 up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?Afeel Bto feelCfeeling Dfelt,解析：选C.现在分词feeling energetic作伴随状语.句意：你每天早晨起来感到精力充沛并准备开始新的一天吗？,5(2011高考四川卷)Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad.Her parents are old.Astudy BstudyingCstudied Dto study,解析：选B.feel like sth./doing sth.想要某物,想要做某事.句意：Lydia不想
12、出国学习,她的父母都上年纪了.,单词精研1owevt.欠(债,情)等(教材P36)I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.我当然应该因不能经常写信而向你道歉.,归纳拓展,辨析 owe.to,owing to,Our parents give us a lot of help.We owe much to them.父母给了我们许多帮助,我们欠他们很多.He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.他把他身体健康归功于大量的运动和有规律的
13、生活.,Owing_to the bad weather,we didnt go to the park.由于天气不好,我们没有去公园.,2exchange vt.交换;兑换;交流n交换,兑换(教材P36)Talking of moneyits really easy to exchange travellers cheques at banks or hotels.谈到钱在银行或旅馆和旅行者兑换支票是很容易的事,归纳拓展,(2011高考北京卷)I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas w
14、ith each other.我想让学生去彻底研究这些材料并相互交流意见,(2010高考山东卷)By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and ideas and develop closer ties among them.通过一起进餐,家庭成员可以自由地交流信息和思想,并培养他们之间更密切的联系.,Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?我在哪里可以用美元兑换英镑？May I exchange seats with you?我和
15、你调一下座位好吗？,3expectationnU,C期待的事物,预期;pl.期望(教材P36)I dont know what your expectations are of London.我不知道你对伦敦有什么期望,归纳拓展,(2011高考浙江卷)Digital technology often falls short of expectation.电子技术经常不能达到人们的预期.Obamas winning the Nobel Peace Prize was beyond many peoples wildest expectation.奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖完全出乎许多人的预料.,He
16、 has_little_expectation_of passing the exam.他对考试及格不抱希望.She ate a light lunch in_expectation_of a good dinner.她午饭吃得很少,期待晚饭时饱餐一顿.,4majorityn大多数,大半;多数党/派(教材P36).,the majority of them are really friendly and Ive made some good friends.,大多数人是真正友好的并且我已经交了一些好朋友.,归纳拓展,(2011高考安徽卷)For many years,the majority
17、of Irish people earned their living as farmers.多年以来大多数爱尔兰人以农业为生.In the nursing profession,women are in_a/the_majority.女性在护理行业中占大多数.,The majority of lone parents are divorced or separated women.单身父母中大多数是离婚或分居的妇女.Boys are very much in_the_minority at the dance class.在舞蹈班上男孩子占极少数.,【重点提示】可以说a majority,但
18、majority一般不用于复数形式.majority比most正式,与of连用,主要指人,谓语动词用复数,单独使用时,后面的谓语动词用单数或复数均可.,5requestn&v要求,请求(教材P39)to make a request to someone you dont know very well 向你不甚了解的人提出请求,归纳拓展,He was there at the request of his manager.他按经理的要求到了那里.She requested that no one should_be_told of her decision.她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定.,Y
19、ou are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.请不要在餐馆里吸烟.,【重点提示】request作“要求”讲时,后面可以跟宾语从句,从句用虚拟语气,即其谓语部分用“should动词原形”,其中should可省略.与此用法相同的还有：一坚持(insist)二命令(order,command)三建议(advise,suggest,propose)四要求(demand,require,request,desire),6conductvt.进行,实施;举止,表现n行为,举止(教材P41)My friend went home,leaving me to
20、conduct the band.我的朋友回家了,留下我指挥乐队.,归纳拓展,(2011高考北京卷)Experiments of this kind had been conducted in both the US.and Europe well before the Second World War.在二战之前,美国和欧洲均进行了这类试验,(2010高考陕西卷)Well,a lot of research is being conducted in this area.在这个地区进行了许多研究.His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一.,Publ
21、ic figures have a duty to conduct_themselves responsibly.公众人物有义务负责地行事.My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功.,7attachvt.附上;系上;贴上;使依恋(教材P42)At first,we didnt feel we belong here,but now we are attached to the land we live on.开始我们并没有感觉到我们属于这里,但现在我们与这块我们生活的土地密不可分.,归纳拓展,She attach
22、ed labels to all her bags.她把标签系(或贴)在所有袋子上.I attach_great_significance_to the news.我认为这则消息具有重大意义.,She has attached herself to the company.她已加入那家公司了.This hospital is_attached_to the medical college nearby.这个医院属于附近的那所医学院.,8contraryadj.&adv.相反的(地)n反面,相反(教材P42)Contrary to popular belief,Australia is not
23、a dull place at all for people wanting culture.与一般的想法相反,澳大利亚对于想感受文化的人来说不是令人感到乏味的地方.,归纳拓展,(2011高考重庆卷)On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.相反地,玛丽茹布什(美国免疫学家)鼓励孩子们玩泥巴,以建立一个强大的免疫系统.,He passed the examination
24、,contrary to what I expected.他考试及格了,和我预料的情况相反.Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south.他不听任何劝告,放弃了工作,去了南方.,Hes not a cruel man.On_the_contrary,he is exceedingly kind.他不是个残暴的人.恰恰相反,他是非常仁慈的.,9forgivevt.(forgave,forgiven)原谅;宽恕;免除(教材P42)I wonder if theyll ever forgive the way the
25、yve been treated.我不知道土著人是否能原谅人们对待他们的方式.,归纳拓展,Can you forgive me for being late again?你能原谅我再一次的迟到吗？Tom cant forgive_Marys_cheating.汤姆无法原谅玛丽的欺骗行为.,跟踪训练.品句填词1He was completely_(吸引)in the storybook.2The voice was so_(熟悉的)to me,but I couldnt remember where I had heard it.,absorbed,familiar,3The_(多数)was/w
26、ere in favour of the proposal.4Visitors are_(要求)not to touch the exhibits.5We_(欠)a great deal to our parents.,majority,requested,owe,.单项填空1The man must be the leader of the group,easily _ by his special uniform.AseparatedBdividedCdistinguished Dselected,解析：选C.句意：那人一定是这小组的组长,这一点从他特殊的制服很容易区别出来.disting
27、uish区分,分清楚.其他选项与句意不符.,2(2010高考湖北卷)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money_favors to them.Ain preference to Bin exchange forCin place of Din agreement with,解析：选B.考查介词短语.句意：政府官员由于帮助别人而向他们索要钱物是违法的.in exchange for“作为的交换”,符合题意.in preference to“胜于,优先于”;in place of“替代,取代”;in ag
28、reement with“与达成一致”.,3I found him sitting in his chair,completely_a magazine.Abeing absorbed in Babsorbed inCabsorbing in Dwas absorbed in,解析：选B.句意：我发现他坐在椅子上,完全沉浸在杂志中了.be absorbed in沉浸在中;全神贯注于,此处absorbed in作伴随状语.,4The shortage of teachers in lessdeveloped areas seems to_that teaching there offers_ch
29、ance of advancement or pay increases.Ashow;few Bindicate;littleCsuggest;a few Dexpress;a little,解析：选B.句意：欠发达地区的师资不足似乎表明在那里教学晋升或加薪的机会渺茫.根据语境判断第二空为否定推断,故用little.indicate意为“表明”.,5_English,she has to study a second foreign language.AIn addition that BBesideCIn addition DIn addition to,解析：选D.考查短语辨析.句意：除了
30、英语之外,她还必须学一门外语.in addition之后不接that从句;beside是介词,在旁边;in addition也;另外;in addition to加于之上;除之外又,符合题意.,6.Parents_much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.Aattach BpayClink Dapply,解析：选A.考查动词词义辨析.句意：父母认为教育非常重要,他们愿意尽最大努力把这个无价礼物提供给孩子们.attach importance to
31、“认为很重要”,符合题意.pay与attention连用;link“连接”;apply“申请”.,7What the young man cant_is that his mum always treats him like a baby.Asupport BundertakeChold Dbear,解析：选D.考查动词词义辨析.句意：让这个年轻人不能忍受的是他母亲总把他当小孩子对待.support支持,支撑;underatke从事,负责;hold握住,保持;bear忍受,容忍.,8Mum_to us,“Be quiet！Your little sisters sleeping.”Awhisp
32、ered BshoutedCexplained Dreplied,解析：选A.考查动词辨析.whisper低语,耳语;shout大喊;explain解释;reply回答.根据情景,妈妈应对我们低声说,而不是大喊大叫.故选A.,短语细解10get used to习惯于(教材P36)Youre going to have to get_used_to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here,Aunt Mei！梅姨,你得适应这里咸肉鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭.,归纳拓展,(朗文P1950)I found the
33、job tiring at first but I soon got used to it.起初我觉得这份工作很累人,但很快就习惯了.In the end I got_used_to working in such a condition.最后,我终于习惯在这样的条件下工作了.,11see.off.给送行(教材P40)He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off.他坚持护送我到车站给我送行.,归纳拓展,If you have to leave tomorrow,I will see you off at the airport.如
34、果你明天必须离开的话,我会去机场为你送行.Seeing_that hes been off sick all week hes unlikely to come today.他请病假整整一周了,所以今天也不大可能来.,Will you see to the arrangements for the next meeting?你来负责安排下次会议好吗？,12put up住宿;举起;张贴;建造;搭起(教材P37).find a local person who will offer to put you up_at a very reasonable price.找一个乐意向你以非常合理的价格提供
35、住宿的当地人.,归纳拓展,(2011高考重庆卷)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams.迈克尔在床边贴了一张姚明的图片以提醒自己的梦想.She put_up_with his violent temper.她忍受着他暴躁的脾气.,(牛津P1615)We put_up at a motel.我们晚间住在一家汽车旅馆.Please put up your hand if you have any questions.如果你有问题,请举手.Wed be
36、tter put_up_a_notice here.我们最好在这儿贴一张通知.,13bring an end to.结束;使结束(教材P46)The arrival of white people gradually brought_an_end_to the traditional Aboriginal way of life.白人的到来逐渐结束了传统的土著居民的生活方式.,归纳拓展,辨析 by the end of,at the end of,The chairman finally put/brought an end to the meeting.大会主席终于结束了会议.It has
37、been raining for a week on_end.已经连续不断地下了一个星期的雨.,If he carries on driving like that,hell end up dead.如果他继续这样开车,总有一天会把命丢掉.We had collected 2 million yuan by the end of last year.到去年年底,我们已经筹集了200万元资金.,We will get to the destination at_the_end_of this year.今年年底我们就会到达目的地.,跟踪训练.选词填空see.off，insist on，at le
38、ast，bring an end to，be absorbed in1He was_his conversation,not paying much attention to the road.,absorbed in,2Its hoped that the talks may _ the violence.3It cost_500 dollars.4I went to the station to_him_.5She kept_her innocence.,bring an end to,at least,see,off,insisting on,.单项填空1John is leaving
39、for London tomorrow and I will_him_at the airport.Asend;awayBleave;offCsee;off Dshow;around,解析：选C.根据题意“约翰明天要去伦敦,我会去机场给他送行.”see.off为(某人)送行,符合题意.,2It is possible that one day we will_disability,so we shouldnt look down upon the disabled.Aend up with Bput up withCcome up with Dcatch up with,解析：选A.end u
40、p with“结束于,以而告终”,符合句意.put up with“容忍,忍受”;come up with“想出,找到(答案)”;catch up with“赶上”.,3_achievement,last weeks ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing,grade.AIn terms of BIn case ofCAs a result of DIn face of,解析：选A.句意：上周在此召开的世贸组织部长会议,收效甚微.in terms of“就而言”;in case of“以免”;as
41、a result of“由于”;in face of“面对”.,4_the financial crisis last year,many people couldnt pay back the money they_the bank.AOwe to;owing to BOwing to;owing toCOwing to;owed to DOwed to;owed to,解析：选C.句意：去年由于受金融危机的影响,许多人不能偿还他们所欠银行的钱.第一空中的owing to是固定用法,意为“因为,由于”.第二个空考查owe sth.to sb.结构,意为“欠某人某物”,句子应为“owe mon
42、ey to the bank”意为“欠银行钱”.故句子结构为：they owed to the bank作定语修饰先行词the money.,5You were very clever to_him.He had deceived the rest of us.Asee through Blook throughClook over Dsee off,解析：选A.考查动词短语辨析.句意：你很聪明,能把他识破,他把我们其他人都骗了.see through“看穿”;look through“浏览,快速查看”;look over“检查,查看”;see off“给送行”.,6If you get si
43、ck,it is impossible to go on with your work,_ it will affect your life.Aon the contrary Bin other wordsCin a sense Din general,解析：选A.句意：如果你生病了,继续工作是不可能的.相反,它还会影响你的生活.on the contrary“相反”;in other words“换句话说”;in a sense“在某种意义上”;in general“一般说来”.,7I have offered to paint the house_a weeks accommodation
44、.Ain exchange for Bwith regard toCby means of Din place of,解析：选A.句意：我主动要求把房子粉刷一下,用以支付一周的食宿.in exchange for交换;with regard toregarding关于,至于;by means of借助手段;依靠方法;in place of代替;顶替.,8No one is sure who the dictionary_.Abelonging to Bbelongs toCis belonged to Dis belonging to,解析：选B.句意：没有人知道这本字典是谁的.在who引导的
45、宾语从句中缺少谓语,故排除A项;belong to属于,无被动语态,也不用进行时态.,句型巧析1(教材P40)When I first arrived in San Francisco,I had_a_difficult_time_understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.刚到旧金山时,有段时间我感到很难理解美国人在某些方面的处事方式.,【句法分析】have a difficult time(in)doing sth.做某事有困难.表示做某事有困难有以下几种表达方法：(1)have some diffic
46、ulty/trouble(in)doing sth.there is some difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难,(2)have some difficulty/trouble with sth.there is some difficulty/trouble with sth.在某事上有困难(3)have great/no/little difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有很大/没有/几乎没有困难(4)take trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦/不嫌麻烦地做某事,I had no difficulty(in)find
47、ing my father in the crowd.我毫不费力地在人群中找到了我父亲.Weve been having_trouble_with our teenage son.我们那个十多岁的儿子一直在给我们惹麻烦.,2(教材P40)I had a similar experience the_last_time I visited China.上次访问中国时,我的经历和你差不多.,【句法分析】(1)the last time引导时间状语从句,其后面直接加从句,前面的the last time相当于从属连词.(2)next time,the first time,every time等也可
48、引导时间状语从句.,The last time I spoke to Bob,he seemed happy enough.上一次我和Bob说话时,他看上去很开心.Be sure to call on us next_time you come to town.下次你进城一定来看我们.,He left me a good impression the_first_time I met him.我第一次见他时,他给我留下了好的印象.Every time I see him,he looks miserable.我每次见到他,他都是一副痛苦的表情.,跟踪训练.完成句子1Mary费了好大劲才找到一个
49、工作.Mary_in finding a job.,had great difficulty,2我每次遇见他,都觉得他又长高了._ I saw him,I found him to be taller.,Every/Each time,3在课堂上,我很难集中精神.I have a hard time _.,(in)paying attention in class,.单项填空1Can you imagine the difficulty I had_the game?Aon winning BwonCwinning Dhaving won,解析：选C.句意：你能想像得出我赢得这场比赛的困难吗？
50、have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难.“I had _ the game”为定语从句.,2_I toured Zhangjiajie,I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.AFor the first time BAt firstCIt was the first time DThe first time,解析：选D.句意：我第一次去张家界旅游时,它美丽的景象给我留下了很深的印象.for the first time“第一次”作时间状语,后面不能跟句子;at first“首先”;it was the
