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1、US Social Movements of the 1960s,A Cultural Revolution,Questions,Why were they so many social movements in the 1960s?What did they hope to achieve?Were they successful?Were they uniquely American or were they influenced from outside?,The Swinging Sixties,Civil RightsThe Peace MovementCounter-culture
2、Womens Liberation,The Beatles visiting the USA,Flower Power,Civil Rights:Freedom not equality(1865-1965),The Ku Klux Klan,1920s,Anti immigrant and anti-black,Southern politicians used local state laws and KKK terror to control black populations,Civil Rights Tactics,Rosa Parks,1955:bus boycott.Greens
3、boro sit-in,1960.Freedom rides,1961.March on Washington,1963.,Rosa Parks 1955,Malcolm X,Martin Luther King,I have a dream.,by any means necessary,Protesting against segregation,Protest and Counter-protest,Pres.Johnson(Democrat)signs the Civil Rights Act,1964,Freedom Ride Attacked,1968,Black Power Sa
4、lute,Segregation,http:/=IxEkj40bRII,Legal Changes,Black men were permitted to vote after 1865,but southern states then changed their constitutions to make voter registration more complex.Voting Rights Act of 1965:literacy tests etc used to restrict black voting were made illegal.,Numbers of Southern
5、 Black legislators,Consequences:Johnsons Democratic party lost support in the south.Why?Though more blacks could vote,southern whites switched to the Republican party and have supported it ever since.,Black voting rates before&after The Voter Registration Act,1965.,ugg,Reading,Maths,Black&White Educ
6、ation Gap,Vietnam War-background,1954:the French army pulled out after being defeated.Vietnam divided into Communist north&capitalist south.1965:direct US military intervention(3000 troops),1968:Tet Offensive(by North Vietnam).A military failure but a propaganda success.America began to doubt.Johnso
7、n withdrew from the Presidential election.,Peace Protests,1969:500,000 troops.Total US deaths:60,000.Draft*ended in 1973.1975:Saigon fell.,*Draft card compulsory military service,Counter-culture,Drug Culture,Elvis,Woodstock Pop Festival,Hippies,The Womens Movement,Civil Rights Act,1964(womens rights
8、 protected),1963 best-seller based on interviews with women,1960:contraceptive pill authorised,Abortion legalised by the Supreme Court,1973,Wonder Woman,1970s,Social Origins of Protest,Ideology theories of protest were used:e.g.Gandhi(non-violent direct action).Mass education with increasing numbers
9、 going to college(since WW2),people knew about their rights.Wealth In a growing economy,the middle class had time to think;(very poor people focus on survival).Communication media,mobility and urbanisation(serving in the army)opened peoples eyes to injustice.Risk conscription affected all classes di
10、rectly and many parents did not want their sons to risk dying in war.,Protesters learned from Gandhi who learned from Thoreaus theory of Civil Disobedience(1849).,Summary,Civil rights blacks began to demand their constitutional rights The Federal govt was forced to confront local state discriminatio
11、n in the SouthStudents protested against the Vietnam war(and the draft)Youth culture developed into counter-cultureWomen began to question their traditional roleOrigins increasing wealth,higher education,media access,examples of decolonisation,ideology of peaceful protest,and the risk of being called up etc,Task,What were the main reasons for the social movements of the 1960s?Were the social movements of the 1960s successful?In what ways were the 1960s social movements particularly American and how far were connected to the outside world?,
