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1、Susan Ebbers 2005,1,English Words from Latin&Greek Increase spelling,vocabulary,and reading comprehension,Susan Ebbers 2005,2,How many words are there in the English Language?,The Second Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary contains full entries for 171,476 words in current use,and 47,156 obsole
2、te words.To this may be added around 9,500 derivative words included as subentries.Over half of these words are nouns,about a quarter adjectives,and about a seventh verbs;the rest is made up of interjections,conjunctions,prepositions,suffixes,etc.These figures take no account of entries with senses
3、for different parts of speech(such as noun and adjective).,Susan Ebbers 2005,3,Yea,yea,so get to the point,This suggests that there are,at the very least,a quarter of a million distinct English words,excluding inflections,and words from technical and regional vocabulary not covered by the OED,or wor
4、ds not yet added to the published dictionary,of which perhaps 20 per cent are no longer in current use.If distinct senses were counted,the total would probably approach.,Susan Ebbers 2005,4,Are you ready for this?,three quarters of a million750,000Thatsalotawords!,Susan Ebbers 2005,5,Real world dema
5、nds.,Only 30%of 4th graders are proficient readers National Assessment of Educational Progress(NAEP 2007)42 million adults in the US are functionally illiterate,meaning that cant read the front page of the newspaper.(NAEP 2007)Lack of vocabulary can be a crucial factor underlying the school failure
6、of disadvantage students(Becker,1977;Bielmiller,1999).,Susan Ebbers 2005,6,The average sixth grade student knows approximately 25,000 words.The average high school graduate knows approximately 50,000 words.This means that average students learn roughly 2000-3,000 words a year(Graves,2007).This trans
7、lates to 8 words a day,7 days a week,52 weeks a year-including weekends or summers.,Shrinking personal vocabularies,Susan Ebbers 2005,7,Some specifics on the importance of vocabularyGrowing up in poverty can seriously restrict the vocabulary children learn before beginning school and make attaining
8、an adequate vocabulary a very challenging task(Coyne,Simmons,White,Graves,&Slater,1990).,Susan Ebbers 2005,8,It is estimated that by age 3,some less advantaged students have heard 30 million fewer words than their more advantaged peers.It is also estimated these students vocabularies may be half the
9、 size of those of their more advantaged counterparts(Hart and Risely 2003&Graves,2007).,Susan Ebbers 2005,9,Bet cha didnt know,In California they determine how many jail cells they will build to house future inmates-by calculating how many children are not reading on grade level by third grade.,Susa
10、n Ebbers 2005,10,Here is a short cut!,Half of all“high-frequency words”every day words,and two-thirds of all academic and technical words are derived from Latin or Greek.So learn the meanings of roots,prefixes,and suffixes and these basic elements make it easier to learn new words.,Susan Ebbers 2005
11、,11,Basic Termsroot form:a word with no prefix or suffix added;may also be referred to as a base word inspector,thermal affix:meaningful part of a word attached before or after a root or base word to modify its meaning prefix:an affix which is placed before the stem of a word re-,un-,dis-suffix:an a
12、ffix which is placed after the stem of a word-able,-ive,-ly derivation-a word formed from an existing word,root,or affix:electric,electricity,Susan Ebbers 2005,12,20 Most Frequent Prefixes in School Texts,Susan Ebbers 2005,13,Prefixes:Meaning and Connotation,Susan Ebbers 2005,14,Derivational Suffixe
13、s,Derivational suffixes change the part of speechwords ending with tion are often nounswords ending with ive are often adjectiveswords ending with ish are often adjectiveswords ending with ity are often nouns What about-ment,-ous,-ness?,Susan Ebbers 2005,15,Greek Combining Forms,Susan Ebbers 2005,16
14、,Counting in Greek and Latin,Susan Ebbers 2005,17,Developing content-specific,academic vocabulary depends on a basic understanding of Greek and Latin,Sixty percent of the words in English texts are of Latin and Greek origin Bear et al.,1996;Henry,1997,Susan Ebbers 2005,18,Content-Specific Greek Term
15、sAnatomy and Medical Termsesophagus,thyroid,diagnosis,psoriasis,dyslexiaStudies and Sciencesbiology,seismology,morphology,geochronometryAnimals and Plantsarachnid,amphibian,chlorophyll,dinosaur,nectarTheatre and the Artscharisma,drama,chorus,muse,symphony,acoustics,Susan Ebbers 2005,19,Look InsideLo
16、ok Outside pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosisLook inside the word for known word parts:prefixes,roots or combining forms,suffixes.Use the analogy strategy“I dont know this word,but I know pneumonia and I know volcano,so by analogy,this word might have something to do with lungs and heat.”
17、Look outside the word at context clues,visualsThe coal miners,coughing and wheezing,suffered from pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.,Susan Ebbers 2005,20,So what exactly are we going to do here at Oltman Middle School?,Learn to use context clues effectivelyStudy and practice most common root wordsStudy and practice most frequently used prefixes and suffixes Learn to use THEIVES as a reading strategy to use all the clues in the text to uncover word meaning.,Susan Ebbers 2005,21,So,Ready?Set?Here we go!,
