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1、Grammar,Subjunctive Mood&Suppositive Mood Wang Jianfeng,Read two sentences.*Without the college entrance examination in future,we wouldnt be so tired now.*Tom couldnt have been at home then because no one answered the telephone.,Revision:Try to list different kinds of subjunctive mood as many as pos
2、sible.,一、用在条件句中,If+主语+动词过去时(be用were),主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形,If+主语+had+动词过去分词，,主语+would(should,could,might)+have+动词过去分词,If+主语+were to do,If+主语+should do,If+主语+动词过去时，(be用were),主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形,表示与现在事实相反：If I were you,I should study English.If he had time,he would attend the
3、 meeting.表示与过去事实相反：If you had come yesterday,you would have met him.表示与将来事实相反：If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.,注:1、If 从句中,有were(had,should)时可省略if,用倒装。上面的句子可省if,可变为：Were I you,I should study English.Had you come yesterday,you would have
4、met him.Should it rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.,注 2、表示对将来的假设，如果假设有可能成为现实，或者实现的可能性很大，则我们不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。即在条件状语从句或时间状语从句中，我们用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如：When he comes,I will tell him everything I know.(时间状语从句)If it is fine tomorrow,all of us will go to the countryside to have a picnic.（条件状语从句）,二、用在主语从句中（用sho
5、uld+do,should可省略）It is+important(necessary,natural,strange,)+that从句 It is a pity(a shame,no wonder)+that从句 It is suggested(decided,ordered,demanded,required)+that从句,例:*It is necessary that we should clean the room every day.*It was a pity that you be so careless.*It will be suggested that she should
6、 finish her homework this afternoon.,三、用在宾语从句中1.在动词suggest,insist,order,demand,desire,request,require,arrange,command,propose等后面的宾语从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”。例：,We suggested that we(should)have a meeting.He insists that he(should)do morning exercises every day.,注：suggest作“暗示,表明”解时，宾语从句不用 虚拟语气.His attitude
7、 suggested that he _ angry.(be),insist“力言”、“坚持（认为）”解时，宾语从句 不用虚拟语气。例：,He insists that doing morning exercises _ peoples health.(do good to),was,does good to,2.“wish+宾语从句”表不能实现的愿望，译为“但愿”wish+宾语从句,1.动词过去式（表现在的假设）2.had done(表过去的假设)3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）,I wish it _ spring all the year round.(be)I wish I _
8、 your party yesterday.(attend)I wish you _ with us tomorrow.(go),3.用在would rather 引导的宾语从句中 1.过去式（表现在的假设）2.had done（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）,I would rather we _ now.(stop)I would rather she _ that yesterday.(do),谓语动词用,were,had attended,would go,had not done,stopped,四、用在表语从句、同位语从句中 作advice,idea,ord
9、er,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例：,We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that he(should)do exercises first.,五、用在定语从句中 It is(high,about)time(that)句型中，定语从句的谓词用过去式（be用were）来表示，意为“（现在）该”。,It is time
10、that we did something to stop pollution.It is high time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.,注：It is the first（the second,)time+that-clause（从句中用完成时）,It is the third time that he has made the same mistake in his maths exercise.,谓语动词用,六、用在as if(as though)引导的表语从句、状语从句中,1.过去式（表现在的假设）2.had d
11、one（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）,He looks as if he were an artist.He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England before.,七、用在错综条件句中 对应虚拟语气用法表中的栏目相应地使用虚拟语气形式。*If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）*If I were you,I would have gone
12、to her birthday party.（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）*If you hadnt lent me some money,I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）,八、but for,without,otherwise等形式的含蓄虚拟语气。Without air,there _（有）no living things.(be)But for the rain,we _(有)a
13、 pleasant journey today.(have)He is not a careful driver;otherwise he(不会撞)_the tree yesterday.(hit),would be,should have,wouldnt have hit,九、用在(要是就好了)引导的句中 if only+,1.过去式（表现在的假设）2.had done（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）,我如果是一只鸟就好了！If only I were a bird!我要是听他的话就好了！If only I had taken his advice!,1.The tw
14、o strangers talked as if they_ friends for years.A.should be B.would be C.have been D.had been2._it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will,D,B,Consolidation:,4.Without the air to hold some of the suns heat,the earth at night _,too cold fo
15、r us to live.A.would be freezing cold B.will be freezing coldly C.would be frozen cold D.can freeze coldly,3.Janes pale face suggested that she _ill,and her parents suggested that she_ a medical examination.A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has,A,B,5.Without electricity human life _q
16、uite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 6.If he _,he _ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken,D,B,7.I told Sally how t
17、o get here,but perhaps I _ for her.A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 8.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come,C,D,9.When a pencil is partly in a glass of
18、 water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken10.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got,C,D,11.If only I _ my watch!A.hadnt lost B.havent lost C.didnt lost D.do
19、nt lost12.You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A.may not make B.may not have made C.mustnt have made D.might not have made13.He _the test,but he wasnt careful enough.A.could have passed B.were able to pass C.must have passed D.might be able to pass,A,D,A,14.We _ the work on ti
20、me without your help.A.hadnt had finished B.didnt have finished C.couldnt have finished D.cant have finished15.If you _ at school,you _ a college student now.A.had studied hard;would have been B.should have studied hard;should have been C.had studied hard;would be D.would study hard;must have been,C
21、,C,推测语气：一通过情态动词表达,二通过形容词、副词表达 probable,possible,maybe,perhaps,likely,certain,sure,seem and so on,eg.He is an Amercian.He must be an Amercian.I am sure that he is an Amercian.Its certain that he is an Amercian.Its likely that he is an Amercian.=He is likely to be an Amercian.Its probable that he is a
22、n Amercian.,He may/might/could be an Amercian.Its possible that he is an Amercian.It seems that he is an Amercian.Maybe/Perhaps he is an Amercian.He may/might not be an Amercian.It seems that he is not an Amercian.It is possible that he is not an Amercian.He cant/couldnt be an Amercian.I am sure tha
23、t he is not an Amercian.Its impossible that he is an Amercian.Its certain that he is not an Amercian.,推测语气的反意疑问句,1Chen ruoling must be the youngest girl from Nantong city to win the championship of diving,_?2All the athletes from China must be practising hard at present to make preparations for the
24、2008 Beijing Olympic Games,_?3The snow disaster in the early of 2008 must have been the largest one in the past 100 years in China,_?4The PLA soldiers must have been working hard day and night at that time to improve the peoples living which had been damaged by that snow disaster in the early of 2008 in China,_?,isnt she,arent they,hasnt it,werent they,Comparison,使用的前提不同：一是对事实作相反的假设，一是说话者主观上对某事的推测。使用的结构不同。相同点是都是借助于情态动词来表示，对不同的时间有不同的表达法。需充分理解句子含义，把握说话者表达的意思，来运用不同的语气表达。,Thanks for your listening!,
