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1、虚拟语气,高三英语总复习语法训练材料,杭外高三英语备课组,Warning:All Rights Reserved,虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：If there were no subjunctive mood,English _ much easier.A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be,一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式（1）条件从句+主句(if的几种句型）（2）几个常用虚拟语
2、气的句型（3）wish,as if 及if only 和would rather的虚拟形式（4）It is time that 的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1）含蓄条件句（2）时间错综句（3）虚实错综句,1.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _ she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come2.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt ge
3、t B.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got3.If he _,he _ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken,4.If it _ to
4、morrow,they would not go there by bike.A.will rain B.rains C.would rain D.should rain5.If I _ you,I would not do it.A.am B.were C.shall be D.being虚拟语气当中的省略和倒装：在if条件句中，如果有were，had，should等词语时，可以把if省略，把were,had,should 提前。1._ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is no
5、t B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they have not,2._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will几个常见的虚拟语气的类型:1.动词+宾语从句 一个坚持：insist;两个命令：order,command;三个建议：suggest,propose,advise;四个要求：desire,demand,ask,require I propose that we(should)se
6、t a dead line for handing in the plans.I suggest that we(should)set off at once.I demanded that we(should)decide what to do with him.,虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形,但是特别需要引起注意的是suggest只有当作“建议”才用虚拟语气，当作“暗示.表明”时候不用虚拟语气。Insist表示“坚决要求，坚持”时用虚拟语气，表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时候不用虚拟语气。His face suggested that he was angry.He suggeste
7、d that he should leave the house tight away.1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately.A.has been sent for B.sends for C.will be sent for D.be sent for2.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.do;be set D.does;would be set,2.同样，在上述这些表示“命令，建议，要求”的动词的
8、主语从句当中,也跟从宾语从句一样，用虚拟语气，即：It is(was)+上述动词的过去分词+that 主语从句 It is demanded that he(should)leave at once.It is requested that she(should)give a performance at the party.3.此外还有一种表示“惊奇，必要”含义的主语从句中，也要用虚拟语气，即：It is(was)+important/necessary/strange/surprising/natural/a pity/no wonder+that 主语从句 It is strange t
9、hat he(should)set off at once.It is important that everybody(should)be told all the facts.,4.上述动词在表示“命令，建议，要求”时候，用于名词+be+表语从句时候，也是用虚拟语气。My advice is that we(should)send for a doctor.Our suggestion is that you(should)be first to go.His only request is that you(should)give him more time.5.上述动词在表示“命令，建
10、议，要求”时候，用于名词+同位语从句时候，还是用虚拟语气。Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?His proposal that they(should)challenge the other group to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher.,上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,request等。,1.It is suggested that the job _ done in anothe
11、r way.A.was B.was to be C.be D.must be2.He had an idea that we _ by bike.A.shall go B.go C.went D.would go3.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow.A.to put B.be put C.should put D.be putting4.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.A.will be B.are C.should be D.would be5.
12、The boss gave orders that the work _ at once.A.will be started B.must be started C.be started D.should start,6.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules.A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey7.It is required that no noise _ in the library.is allowed B.be allowed C.should allow D.will be a
13、llowed,wish,as if 以及 if only 的虚拟形式：这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。随“时”变化的几种用法：,1.I wish I were a bird2.He wishes he hadt made the big mistake.3.I wish I could be of some use in the future.4.He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.5.They two talked about the city as if they ha
14、d been there before.6.If only I had bought an apartment in Hangzhou in 2000.7.If only I were a lion.8.If only I could land on the moon.,1.I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were b
15、roken D.had been broken3.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.should be B.would be C.have been D.had been4.He is a very brave man.Yes.I wish I _ his courage.A.have B.had C.will have D.would have但是需要注意的是：如果as if 接近事实的可能性较大的时候，尤其是和it seems，it appears，it looks等连用的时候，还是要用陈述语气：The da
16、rk clouds are gathering.It looks as if it _ rain.A.were to B.would C.should D.is going to,5.if only you _him what I said,everything would be all right.A.didnt tell B.had not told C.would not tell D.dont tell此外还有would rather用法，would rather sb.did,表示没有发生动作；would rather sb.had done 表示已经发生的事情。I would ra
17、ther you left tomorrow.I would rather they hadnt gone to school yesterday.,1.I blamed her yesterday.I would rather you _ that.A.didnt do B.hadnt done C.wouldnt do D.shouldnt do2.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend.A.went;should come B.should go;had come C.had gone;came D.go
18、;come,It is time that 的虚拟形式 It is(high/about)time that表示应该做什么事情，但是没有做,谓语动词的虚拟形式为：动词过去式(be 多为were),It is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：,It is time(for sb.)to do sth.It is the first time that(从句用陈述语气的现在完成时),1.It is high time you _ the bus.A.had caught B.caught C.will catch D.catch2.Its about time he _ to do t
19、he work.A.begins B.will begin C.begin D.began3.Its high time that we _ to school.A.would go B.went C.go D.will go4.It is time we _ up our results.A.sum B.summed C.will sum D.would sum,（一）、含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。一般由but for或者without，other
20、wise引导居多,1.Without electricity,human life _ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 2.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said,Without electricity=If there were no electri
21、city,（二）、错综时间句 从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：,If you had worked hard yesterday,you would be tired now.,1.If the flower had been watered,it _ now.A.wouldnt die B.is dead C.had been dead D.will not die2.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday,he _ TV n
22、ow.A.would watch B.would have watched C.would be watching D.is watching,比较下面两个句子：If you had followed the doctors advice,you would be all right now.If you had followed the doctors advice,you would have been all right then.,（三）、虚实错综句 所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。,1.They _ earlier,but the car wasnt ready.A.can have left B.may have left C.will have left D.might have left2.We could have walked to the station;it was so near.Yes.A taxi _ at all necessary.A.wasnt B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wont be,
