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1、,中考英语语法复习,-虚拟语气,虚拟语气：一、概念：虚拟语气用来表示说 话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,二、在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,1、真实条件句：真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系：句型：条件从句 主句 一般现在时shall/will+动词原形 例如：If he comes,he will bring his violin.,We can walk there if we cant find a
2、 bus.If it rains tomorrow,we will not go to the zoo.What will you do if you find a panda in danger.,典型例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。,注意：（1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall,will.(错)If you leave now,you are never go
3、ing to regret it.(对)If you leave now,you will never regret it.（2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。,If you heat ice,it melts.If you pour oil on water,it floats.If the temperature drops to 0 degrees centigrade,water freezes.,2、非真实条件句：（1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。,a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从
4、句 主句 一般过去时 should(would)+动词原形 例如：If they were here,they would help you.,提醒：11页后的内容，中考不会涉及。可以根据情况学习。之前的需掌握并运用。,b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(would)have+过去分词 If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.If my lawyer had been
5、 here last Saturday,he would have prevented me from going.,If he had come yesterday,I should/would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday,so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes,he would have made greater progress.含义：He was ill and missed many lesso
6、ns,so he did not make greater progress.,注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here,everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。,典型例题：_ to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I wereC.Were I D.Was I 答案C.
7、在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do.,而不能说 Werent I to do.,9、need“不必做”和“本不该做”。didnt need to do表示：过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。neednt have done表示：过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。,例如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,so sh
8、e didnt need to walk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,so she neednt have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。),典型例题：There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustnt have hurried B.couldnt have hurriedC.must not hurry D.neednt have hurried答案D。,neednt have done.意为 本不必，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。Mustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done,不可能已经。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。,practise:按照虚拟语气的用法造句。,The end!Good bye!,
