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1、美国名人作家马克吐温MarkTwain:OneofAmericasBestKnownandBestLovedWritersplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:41repeatByShelleyGollust2006-2-18(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmBobDoughtywithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutoneofAmericasbest-knownwriters,MarkTwain.Wealsotalkabouthisfamousboo
2、k,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarkTwainwroteTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnineighteeneighty-four.Sincethen,thebookhasbeenpublishedinatleastsixtylanguages.SomepeoplesayitisthebestbookevercreatedbyanAmericanwriter.AmericanstudentsstillreadTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Andparents,tea
3、chersandliteraryexpertsstilldebatetheissuesdiscussedinthebook.VOICETWO:ThewriterwhobecameMarkTwainwasbornSamuelLanghorneClemensineighteenthirty-five.HegrewupinHannibaLMissouriontheMississippiRiver.Afterhisfatherdiedineighteenforty-seven,youngSamuelwenttoworkasanassistanttoapublisher.TenyearsIatecheb
4、ecameapilotonasteamboatthatsailedontheMississippi.Heheardtheriverboatworkerscalloutthewordsmarktwain!Thatwasameasureforthedepthofwater.Ineighteensixty-one,theAmericanCivilWarputanendtosteamboattrafficontheMississippi.SoClemenstraveledwestandbecameareporterfornewspapersinNevadaandCalifornia.VOICEONE:
5、1.atehewrotefunnystoriesandcalledhimselfMarkTwain.Twainbecamefamousforhisstory,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountyineighteensixty-five.Ittellsaboutajumpingcompetitionamongfrogs.Twainalsotraveledalotandbeganwritingbooksabouthistravels.HisstoriesaboutatriptoEuropeandtheMiddleEastwerepublishedinT
6、heInnocentsAbroad.AndhisstoriesaboutlifeinthewesternUnitedStatesbecamethebookcalledRoughingIt.Ineighteenseventy,hemarriedOliviaLangdonandmovedtoHartford,Connecticut.Duringtheeighteeneighties,hewrotebooksforchildren,suchasThePrinceandthePauper.IttellsaboutapoorboywhotradesidentitieswithamemberofEngla
7、ndsrulingfamily.TwainalsowroteLifeontheMississippi.Thisbookdescribeshisdaysasasteamboatpilotandhisreturntotherivertwentyyearslater.VOICETWO:MarkTwainwasalreadyasuccessfulwriterbeforehebecamefamousasapublicspeaker.Overtheyears,hehadinvestedalotofmoneyinunsuccessfulbusinesses.Ineighteenninety-three,he
8、foundhimselfdeeplyindebt.Sotoearnmoney,hetraveledaroundtheworldgivinghumoroustalks.Hisspeechesmadepeoplelaughandremembereventstheyhadexperienced.However,hislaterlifewasnotahappyone.Twoofhisdaughtersdied.Hiswifediedinnineteen-oh-fourafteralongsickness.SomecriticsthinkMarkTwainslaterworksweremoreserio
9、usbecauseofhissadness.Hediedofheartfailureinnineteenten.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarkTwainwasthefirstwritertousethespeechofcommonAmericansinhisbooks.HeshowedthatsimpleAmericanEnglishcouldbeasfineaninstrumentforgreatwritingasmorecomplexlanguage.Throughhisbooks,hecapturedAmericanexperiencesasnootherwriterhad.M
10、anyofthestoriestakeplaceinHannibal,Missouri.Thesmallwoodenhousewherehelivedasaboystillstandsthere.Nexttothehouseisawoodenfence.ItisthekinddescribedinTwainsbook,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,publishedineighteenseventy-six.Inthatstory,Tomhasbeentoldtopaintthefence.Hedoesnotwanttodoit.Butheactsasifthejobisg
11、reatfun.Hetricksotherboysintobelievingthis.Histrickissosuccessfulthattheyagreetopayhimmoneytoletthemfinishhiswork.TheAdventuresofTmSawyerisconsideredoneofthebestbooksaboutanAmericanboyslifeintheeighteenhundreds.TomSawyersgoodfriendisHuckleberry,orHuck,Finn.MarkTwaintellsthisboysstoryinTheAdventureso
12、fHuckleberryFinn.Huckisapoorchild,withoutamotherorhome.Hisfatherdrinkstoomuchalcoholandbeatshim.Huckssituationhasfreedhimfromtherestrictionsofsociety.Heexploresinthewoodsandgoesfishing.Hestaysoutallnightanddoesnotgotoschool.Hesmokestobacco.Huckrunsawayfromhome.HemeetsJim,ablackmanwhohasescapedfromsl
13、avery.TheytraveltogetheronaraftmadeofwooddowntheMississippiRiver.Huckdescribesthetrip:READER:Itwaslovelytoliveontheraft.Otherplacesseemsocrampedupandsmothery,butaraftdont.Youfeelmightyfreeandeasyandcomfortableonaraft.Sometimeswedhavethatwholerivertoourselvesforthelongesttime.Wehadtheskyupthere,allsp
14、eckledwithstars,andweusedtolayonourbacksandlookupatthem,anddiscussaboutwhethertheywasmadeoronlyjusthappened.Jim,heallowedtheywasmade,butIallowedtheyhappened;Ijudgeditwouldhavetooktoolongtomakesomany.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarkTwainstartedwritingHuckleberryFinnasachildrensstory.Butitsoonbecameserious.Thesto
15、rytellsaboutthesocialevilofslavery,seenthroughtheeyesofaninnocentchild.Hucksideasaboutpeoplewereformedbythewhitesocietyinwhichhelived.So,atfirst,hedoesnotquestionslavery.Huckknowsthatimportantpeoplebelieveslaveryisnatural,thelawofGod.So,hethinksitishisdutytotellJimsownerswheretofindhim.Hereispartoft
16、hestoryafterHuckdecideshemustdothis.READER:IfeltgoodandallwashedcleanofsinforthefirsttimeIhadeverfelt.AndIknowedIcouldpraynow.ButIdidntdoitstraightofbutlaidthepaperdownandsettherethinking-thinkinghowgooditwasallthishappenedsozandhownearIcometobeinglostandgoingtohell.Andwentonthinking.AndIseeJimbefor
17、emeallthetime;inthedayandinthenight-time,sometimesmoonlight,sometimesstorms,andwea-floatingalong,talkingandsingingandlaughing.ButsomehowIcouldntseemtostrikenoplacestohardenmeagainsthim,butonlytheotherkind.HuckcomestounderstandthatJimisagoodman.HefindshecannotcarryouthisplantotellJimsownerswheretofin
18、dhim.Instead,hedecidestohelpJimescape.Hedecidestodothis,evenifGodpunisheshim.HucksmoralsearchispartofTwainshumor.Hucksheartleadshimtodotherightthing,evenwheneverythinghehasbeentaughttellshimitiswrong.Hucksnatureisgood,buthehasnoideaofit.TwaintellsusmorethroughHucksvoicethanHuckhimselfknows.VOICEONE:
19、IttookMarkTwainlongertowriteTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnthananyofhisotherbooks.Hestartedwritingineighteenseventy-six,butputthestoryawayafterabouttwoyearsofwork.Hereturnedtoitineighteeneighty-three.Itwaspublishedthenextyear.Fromthebeginning,thebookwashotlydebated.Someearlycriticspraiseditsrealisman
20、dhonesty.ButtheleadingcriticsofTwainstimehatedit.TheyobjectedtothepersonalityofHuck-arough,dirtyanddisobedientboy.TheywereinsultedbyTwainsattacksonthecommonlyacceptedmoralsandtraditionsofwhitesociety.AndtheydislikedthewayTwainusedthelanguageofacommon,uneducatedpersontotellthestory.Nowriterhadeverdon
21、ethatbefore.VOICETWO:ThedebateoverHuckleberryFinnre-openedinrecentyears,butfordifferentreasons.Thebookusestheracistexpressionsofitstime.Sosomepeoplesayreadingitistoopainfulandinsultingforblackchildren.TheyknowthatTwainwasreallyattackingracism.Butheattackedindirectly,andwithhumor.Sotheyfeelyoungpeopl
22、ewillnotunderstandwhathewasattemptingtodo.AfewAmericanschoolshavebannedthebookforyoungchildren.Afewhavebanneditforallstudents.Someschoolsusedaversioninwhichallracistwordshavebeenremoved.OtherpeoplesayyoungpeoplecanunderstandHuckleberryFinniftheystudyitwithagoodteacher.Theysaythebookremainsoneofthebe
23、stdenunciationsofracismeverwritten.VOICEONE:ThereisnolongeranydebateabouttheimportanceofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinninAmericanliterature.Innineteenthirty-five,ErnestHemingwaywrote:AllmodernAmericanliteraturecomesfromonebookbyMarkTwaincalledHuckleberryFinn.Therewasnothingbefore.Andtherehasbeennothingasgoodsince.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.CatyWeaverwasourproducer.DougJohnsonreadthepartofHuckleberryFinn.mBobDoughty.VOICEONE:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
