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1、美国名人音乐人伍迪格斯里1WoodyGuthriez1912-1967:SingingtheSongsofDustBowlRefugees,playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:59repeatByShelleyGollust2010-6-12Photo:loc.govHisbestsongswereaboutthetroublesAmericansfacedduringtheDepression.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:ImMaryTiIIotson.STEVEEMBER:AndImSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogra
2、m,PEOP1.EINAMERICA.Today,webeginatwo-partstoryaboutsongwriterandsingerWoodyGuthrie.Hewrotesongsaboutcommonpeopleandsocialissuesinthenineteenthirties.Hismusicinfluencedmanypeople.(MUSIC)MARYTI1.1.OTSON:ImagineyouareinAmericainthenineteenthirties.Atrainpassesthroughthecountryside.Itisnighttime.Andtheo
3、nlysoundthatcanbeheardisthelong,lonelywhistlecomingfromthetrainsengine.Insidethetrainsboxcarsaregroupsofmensittingorlyingonthefloors.Themenaredirtyandtheirclothingistorn.Inoneboxcar;ashortmanwithlong,curlybrownhairisplayingaguitarandsinging.HisnameisWoodyGuthrie.Heissingingasongaboutmenwholookforwor
4、kastheytravelfromtowntotown.(MUSIC-IAINTGOTNOHOME)STEVEEMBER:WoodrowWilsonGuthriewasborninnineteentwelveintheAmericanstateofOklahoma.TheGuthriefamilylivedinasmallfarmingtowncalledOkemah.Woodysfather,Charles,wasabusinessmanwhoboughtandsoldland.Woodysmother,Nora,wasaschoolteacher.Shealsolikedtoplaythe
5、pianoandsing.WhenWoodywasyoung,hismothersanghimsongsshehadlearnedasagirl.Thesesongstoldstoriesaboutloveanddeathanddifficulttimes.APWoodyGuthriewrotesongsaboutcommonpeopleandsocialissuesinthenineteenthirties.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Woodysearlyyearswerehappyones.Buthislifebegantochangewhenhewasonlytenyearsold
6、.Oneday,hissister,Clara,spilledoilonherdressandaccidentallysetherselfonfire.Shediedthenextday.Woodyneverforgotherdeath.Astimepassed,Woodysmotherbeganactingstrangely.Shelostcontroloverheractionsandspeech.Manypeoplethoughtshewasinsane.Becauseofthis,theGuthriefamilybecamemoreprivateastheyattemptedtohid
7、eNorasproblems.ThelossofhisdaughterandhiswifessufferingruinedCharlesGuthrie.Hebegandrinkingalcohol.Hisbusinesssoonfailed.TheGuthriefamilyleftOkemahandlivedinseveraltownsinOklahomaandTexas.YoungWoodyoftenhadtoworkinsteadofattendingschoolbecausehisfamilywaspoor.STEVEEMBER:ThefirstmusicalinstrumentWood
8、ylearnedtoplaywastheharmonica.Helearnedtoplaytheharmonicabywatchinganoldmanplaytheinstrument.Woodylearnedhowtoplaytheguitarbywatchinghisfathersbrotherplay.Inthenineteentwenties,WoodywaslivinginthetownofPampa,Texas.Pampawasknownasaboomtownbecauseithadgrownquicklyafteroilwasdiscoverednearby.Onweekends
9、,Woodyjoinedotheryoungmentoplaymusicatdancesinthetown.YearsIaterrWoodydescribedwhatsingingmeanttohim:Whenyousingasong,itreachesoutandenterspeoplesears.Itmakesthemjumpupanddown,andsingitwithyou.Thebestpartaboutsingingisthatyoucansingwhatyouthink.Youcantellallkindsofstoriesinasong,andputyourideasacros
10、stoanotherperson.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Woodylikedtocommunicatewithotherpeoplethroughhismusic.Yethedidnotliketosaymuchabouthimself.Onereasonforthiswasthathedidnotwantpeopletoknowthathismotherwasinahospitalforinsanepeople.NoraGuthriesufferedfromadiseasethatdestroysthebrainandnervoussystem.Hewasseventeenyear
11、soldwhenhismotherdied,innineteentwenty-nine.ThatwastheyearwhentheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesbegantoslowdown.Overthenextseveralyears,manyAmericanslosttheirjobs.TheperiodbecameknownastheGreatDepression.APWoodyGuthriewroteaboutfleeingtheDustBowlinoneofhisfirstsongs.InPampa,theoilfieldsdriedup.Farmsinmanya
12、reasfailedbecauselittleornorainfellforseveralyears.Thelandbecamesodrythatwindeasilyblewawaythetopsoil.TheseareasofTexas,OklahomaandotherstatesbecameknownastheDustBowl.STEVEEMBER:1.ikemanyotherpeople,WoodyGuthrieleftPampatotravelaroundTexasandtheSouthwestlookingforwork.Heoftenmadetripsbytrain.Butbeca
13、usehehadnomoney,hewouldjumponthetrainsboxcarsandrideforfree.Thiswasoftendangerous,becauseguardsonthetrainwouldthrowthemenofforarrestthem.However;Woodyfoundthislifeexciting.OneofthefirstsongshewrotewasaboutleavinghomeandfleeingtheDustBowl.(MUSIC-ITSBEENGOODTOKNOWYOU)MARYTI1.1.OTSON:WoodyGuthriemarrie
14、dMaryJenningsinnineteenthirty-three.Theyhadthreechildren.ThreeyearslateWoodylefthisfamilyandtraveledtoCalifornia.Hemetmanykindsofpeopleduringhistravels.Healsolearnedsongsfrommanydifferentpartsofthecountry.Yetwhataffectedhimmostwasthesufferinghesaw.Hesaid:WhenIsawhard-workingpeoplesufferingunderdebts
15、,sicknessandworries,Iknewtherewasplentytomakeupsongsabout.STEVEEMBER:InCalifornia,Woodyearnedmoneybyplayinghisguitarandsinging.1.ater,hebeganperformingonaradioprogramwithafriend,MaxineCrissman.Shewascalled1.efty1.ou.Theyhadoneofthemostpopularradioprogramsin1.osAngeles.TheysangsongsWoodyhadwrittenabo
16、utsocialissues.HisbestsongswereaboutthetroublesAmericansfacedduringtheDepression.Thissongisaboutthedangersofcoalmining.ItiscalledTheDyingMiner.(MUSIC-hTHEDYINGMINER)MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Innineteenthirty-eight,WoodyGuthrielefttheradioprogramtotravelaroundCalifornia.Hefoundthatconditionshadbecomeworseforma
17、nypeoplewhohadlosttheirlandandfledtheDustBowl.MostoftheseDustBowlrefugeescouldonlyfindseasonalfarmworklikegatheringfruitfromtrees.Farmownersdidnotpaytheseworkersmuchmoney.Theworkerslivedincampsthatwereoftendirtyandhadnorunningwater.Hungerandsicknesswerewidespread.Thepeopleinthecampsseemedtohavelosta
18、llhopeofimprovingtheirlives.WoodywroteasongaboutthemcalledDustBowlRefugees.(MUSIC-DUSTBOW1.REFUGEES)STEVEEMBER:TheoppressionandbadconditionsintheworkerscampsmadeWoodyGuthrieangry.Hebeganhelpinglabororganizersestablishunionstohelptheworkers.Nextweek,wetellabouthowhetraveledtoNewYorkCityandbecameawell-knownmusician.(MUSIC-THIS1.ANDISYOUR1.AND)MARYTI1.1.OTSON:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyPaulThompson.mMaryTiIIotson.STEVEEMBER:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
