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1、Lesson Three,Pub Talk and the Kings English,Aims,To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples To know how to make good conversation To trace the history of the Kings English To analyse the features of spoken EnglishTo appreciate the language features,Teaching Con
2、tents,1. Exposition 2. History of Britain 2. Detailed study of the text3. Organizational pattern4. Language features5. The characteristics of spoken English,Time allocation,1. Exposition and history (15 min.)2. Detailed study of the text (105 min.)3. Structure analysis (15 min.)4. Language appreciat
3、ion (15 min.)5. The characteristics of spoken English (30 min),Writing style,a piece of expositionWhat is Kings English?What is pub talk?,Writing style,The title of this piece is not very aptly chosen. It misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsic or li
4、nguistic relationship between pub talk and the kings English,Writing style,Whereas the writer, in reality, is just discoursing on what makes good conversation.He feels that bar conversation in the pub has a charm of its own.,Writing style,The writer illustrates his point by describing the charming c
5、onversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the Kings English.The thesis - in the opening sentence of Para 1.,Writing style,Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.The last sentence of the last par. winds up the theme by pointing out what is the bane (祸害）
6、of good conversation . talking sense“,Writing style,The real thesis - in the 3rd para. “Bar conversation has a charm of its own”.A better title would be: The Art of Good Conversation“The Charms of Conversation,The History of Britain,1.The native people in Britain Celts - Celt (language)2. Roman Conq
7、uest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years Latin (language),The History of Britain,3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part of England English - old English,The History of Britain,4. 9th century, Scandinavian conquest Danish (language)5. 11th century Norman Conques
8、t for 400 years French (language)6. British people conquered the conquest again. English won its recognition.*http:/www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/o_neo_bronze.shtml *,Detailed study of the text,pub talk - conversation held in the public houseThe Kings English - standard English,Detailed st
9、udy of the text,Conversation is the .:Conversation helps to promote an agreeable pleasant and informal relationship among people.,sociable,- friendly; agreeableThe smiths are a sociable family.We spent a sociable evening drinking the other day.A sociable person is one who is friendly.,And it is an a
10、ctivity only of human,- And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. Animals and birds are not capable of conversation.,intricate - complicated,The intricate computer requires a skilled operator.an intricate argument / plot design / pattern,indulge in,- enjoy; satisfy 容许自己
11、享受； 尽情allow oneself to have or enjoyHe indulged heavily in conversation and drink.,indulge in,He occasionally indulges in the luxury of a good cigar.We indulge in an expensive supper after the concert.Nazi madmen indulged in the torture of their victims before they killed them.,Par. 2,How to make go
12、od conversation?,What makes good conversation?,1. Anything can start a conversation. It does not need a special topic to start a conversation. And once started, no one knows how or where it will end.,What makes good conversation?,2. What spoils the conversation is people who think they have a lot of
13、 important things to say. He who would have anything important to say spoils the conversation.3. Conversation is not for making a point.,What makes good conversation?,4. There is no winning in conversation. One does not try to prove himself right and others wrong. We may argue but we neednt try to c
14、onvince others that they are wrong and we are right.,make a point,- prove effectively truth of ones statement by argument or in some other way.立论； 证明观点This is the first point I want to make.In this case he made a point. 在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。,in a flash - in a second,In a flash he realized that they were
15、presents from his patients.Everything happened in a flash.a flash in a pan,They are ready to let it go.,- They are ready to give up the opportunity to tell one of their best anecdotes (because the conversation has moved onto other subjects),metaphor,meanderleap - river 1. flow slowly turning here an
16、d there2. jump over,metaphor,Sparkleglow - fire 1. small flashes2. bright light,mixed metaphor,meander/ sparkle - smooth / peacefulleap / glow - exciting / heatedThe writer in the same sentence compares conversation to river and fire as well.,Para 3,the real thesis - Bar conversation has a charm of
17、its own,Why does the writer like bar conversation so much?,1. The writer is only a frequenter of pubs.2. Bar goers are not intimate friends.Bar/church, the place for people to make friends. Bar plays an important role in social activities in the western world.,on the rocks -,infml clich1. wrecked or
18、 ruinedMr Jones business was on the rocks. = His business was losing money and almost ruined.,on the rocks,2.with ice onlySally ordered an orange juice on the rocks.= Sally ordered an orange juice with ice cubes.Marriage is compared to a ship wrecked on the rocks.,Ancient superstition:,1. get out of
19、 bed on the wrong sideget up on the wrong side of the bed,Ancient superstition,Getting out of bed on the wrong side will bring you bad luck. The wrong side is usually the left side. When one get out of bed on the wrong side, it usually means youre in the grumpy or bad mood.Go back to bed and get up
20、on the right side.,Ancient superstition,2. “Step on a spider. it is sure to rain”This superstition is told to all children, because no one wants it to rain. Spiders generally live a long and healthy life.3. The number 13 has often been thought to be a bad omen. People should never invite 13 guests t
21、o dinner. It is believed that one will die before the year is out .,Ancient superstition,4. Friday the 13th is day to stay at home and do nothing. It is doubly unlucky, when the 13th of the month falls on a Friday. Bad things will happen. Many people refrain from starting activities on the 13th to m
22、ake sure no evil will happen to them.,up-bringing,- the training and education received while growing upHis upbringing explains a lot about his attitude towards women.,of ones own,- belong strictly to oneselfShe has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。For reasons of his own, he refused to join the club.由于某些个人理
23、由，他拒绝参加那个俱乐部。,delve ,dig, research; investigatedelve into book 专研书本delve into the past 调查过去的情况If you delve into sth, you try to discover new information about it.,two kinds of language:,a) colloquial expressionon the rocksget out of bed on the wrong sideb) literary allusion 文学典故， 引喻 in reference to
24、a person; event; story,Musketeers of Dumas“,http:/ three Musketeers in Dumas novel are very close friends. They supported each other with their fortune and their lives, yet they showed no curiosity in or tried to find out anything about each others private life.,Para.1-3 Questions:,How do you commen
25、t on the title?What is the first topic the writer puts forward?Do you think the writer sticks to this topic?What makes a good conversation?Why does the writer like bar conversation so much?,Para. 4,Specific example. It may be used as a transitional paragraph. In order to arouse the readers curiosity
26、 the writer didnt mention the topic until the next paragraph.,desultory,- aimless, half-hearted (fml) 散漫The word comes from the Latin desultor - leaper . Something that is desultory is done or happen in an unplanned and disorganized way, and without enthusiasm.,desultory,There were some desultory at
27、tempts to defend him.He began to look desultorily for another apartment. a conversation 漫谈 research 漫无边际的研究 a walk 漫步,commonplace,- ordinary, commonDisposable cigarette lighters are commonplace. Air travel has now become .n. In earlier centuries the death of children was a commonplace.,alchemy - mag
28、ic,the form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages, which was especially concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold.a literary use, the power to do sth. so well that it seems mysterious and magical the alchemy of his performance,affirmation,- a statement of your beli
29、ef in and support for them the denunciation of privilege and affirmation 指责特权 affirmation of equality 赞同平等,a term of criticism - why?,The Kings English is a kind of language one should try to use and imitate. Someone told me that the language should not be used. The term is criticizing instead of pr
30、aising.,convict,- a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison esp. for a long timean escaped convictan ex-con 前科犯,barrier, obstacle, difficulty,difficulty - the most general of the words and may be applied loosely to any troublesome state of affairsto have difficulty in learning
31、 higher mathematicsthe difficulty of driving a car through deep mud,barrier, obstacle, difficulty,obstacle - something that one must either remove or go around before being able to proceed The huge tree that had been blown down by the storm was an obstacle to traffic.Ill health may be an obstacle to
32、 a childs progress in school.,barrier, obstacle, difficulty,barrier - an obstacle that temporarily impedes progress but is not necessarily impassable.Writers never tire of depicting the barriers that arise between parents and growing children.,barrier,The thick walls and moats of castles were built
33、as barriers against attackers.城堡修筑厚实的城墙及护城河都是为了将其用作防御进攻的障碍物。,churl,- (old use) a person of low birth, esp. a peasant,swing,- (cause to) change to a large degreeShe swung from happiness to tearsThe value of the dollar swung downwards.,Par 8,History of English. TThe writer here makes digression to sho
34、w conversation going on without focus.,out of snobbery,- (in order) because they want to show their superior taste in matter of food.,out of snobbery,In English restaurants, esp, in high-class restaurants, the names of the dishes on the menus are quite often in French. This is done out of snobbery b
35、ecause in the Western countries people consider French food to be the best.,out of snobbery,But even if they wrote their menus in English, they would have to use many words, such as pork, beef, veal, poultry etc derived from French and which were first introduced into England by the Norman rulers.,s
36、nobbery -,1. the attitude of someone who belongs to or admires the higher social class of society, and despises people of a lower social class,snobbery -,2. the attitude of sb, who believes that his own special tastes, interests and abilities are superior to those of other people.snobbish / snob,rif
37、t - fml, lit.,1. a crack, narrow opening made by breakingThe sun appeared through a rift in the clouds.2. (fig) division Im afraid theres been a rift between us. A deep rift has started in their family life.,Par.10,example to show class distinctionscamper -When people or small animals scamper, they
38、move with small, quick, bouncing steps.The mouse scampered into its hole.,turn up ones nose at,- a trite expressionshow contempt for / ignore / score / consider sth not good enoughI wish my child wouldnt turn up his nose at vegetables.,turn up ones nose at,My friend turns up his nose at anyone who h
39、asnt had a college education.- turn up ones toes to die (slang),bilingual education,- using two languages in teaching Since there are now some two or three million Americans of Latin American parentage whose language is Spanish, a recent movement has been for bilingual education, usually English and
40、 Spanish. Under this plan, students whose first language is sth other than English receive instruction in that language as well as English, so as not to deprive them of equal educational opportunity.,bilingual education,This proposal, which has been only sporadically（不时发生地） implemented （执行，生效）has ca
41、used a great deal of controversy in the US.,bi + adj.,- meaning double, two, appearing twicebimonthly 每月二次biannual 每年二次biplane 双翼飞机,into the shoes of,- (infml) in the position of experiencing what another has to experienceIm glad Im not in his shoe just now.,cultural humiliation -,The English must h
42、ave felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language and to accept a foreign language. So they took up arms against this cultural humiliation. The leader is Hereward the Wake.,Hereward the Wake,3image-1*an Anglo-Saxon patriot and rebel leader, he rose against the
43、 Norman conquerors but was defeated. This sentence means like Herewaaard the Wake, when the English rose against the Norman conquerors, they must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language to accept a foreign culture.,heirs to it,- it is not clear1. th
44、e English we speak and write in America today also shows the French influence of that time. We have inherited this French influence on the English language.,heirs to it,2. In America today we are facing the same problem that existed in England 900 years ago. The problem of having two languages exist
45、ing side by side.(English and Spanish),Par 12,the history of the Kings EnglishNewes - archaic spellingStrange News of the Intercepting Certain Lettersthou clipst the Kings English - middle English,clip - simplify,abbreviate in speech or writing as nkyou for thank you“They gave him clipped and precis
46、e instructions.His plays are written in a very clipped style. A clipped style of language expresses things quickly and clearly using as few words as possible.,Gods patience.,There will be a great trying of ones patience and plentiful misuse of the Kings English.No matter how patient you are, you won
47、t be able to bear him, because he will even try Gods patience. God is more patient than any human being.,abusing ,1. take unfair or undue advantage of (ones patience)2. improper or incorrect use of language (the Kings English),come into its own -,receive what properly belongs to one, esp acclaim or
48、recognition 获得应得的She didnt really come into her own until shed won the election for Party leader. 才奠定了应有的地位With the success of the Model T Ford, the automobile industry came into its own.随着T型福特汽车的成功，汽车工业受到了应有的重视。,Elizabethans-,the famous writers in Elizabethan time (period)Shakespeare/ Milton,Simile
49、,Extended simile blow on a dandelion clock seeds multiplied floated to the ends of the earthTo spread the English language is compared to the blowing of a dandelion clock.English was spread far and wide by those famous writers.,The Kings English was no longer.“,The use of English was no longer restr
50、icted to a certain race or class. Now English is used both by the King and common people in England.,pejorative ,disparaging, downgrading(a word, phrase) that suggests that somebody or sth, is bad or worthlessI didnt think he is using inequality in a pejorative sense.,facetious,- comes from the Fren
