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1、被动语态 Passive Voice,提高英语阅读能力,词汇量、 语法知识 和阅读技能,扩大词汇量：前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性,Co-共同，平等- cooperate 合作Sub-次于- subtropical 亚热带的Vice-副手- vice-president副主席,-al.的-physical (形容词)-en变得- widen(动词)-ful充满-spoonful(形容词),Mis- -ful-mistrustful不信任的Un- -able-unbearable不能容忍的,联想法：,desert- dessert 形近次increase-decrease反义词,ambition雄心
2、野心-俺必胜landlord地主- 懒得劳动bother麻烦- 小小兄弟(brother)好麻烦， 只好去掉一个“r”,动词的语态表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态（Active Voice）表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态（Passive Voice）则表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。 构成形式：be +done Everybody likes him. He is liked by everybody.（动作接受者+be+done +by +动作发出者）,一、主动语态和被动语态,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 一般过去将来时：
3、 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 将来完成时注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,am / is / are + done was / were + done shall / will + be done should / would + be done am / is / are + being + done was / were + being + done have / has + been + done had + been + done will have been done,(二) 各种时态下的被动语态,结构：be+过去分词,时态变化主要体现在be的变
4、化上，以 do 为例，列表如下：,1.一般现在时 Simple Present,人人都喜欢她。她受人人喜欢。,Everyone likes her.She _ _ by everyone.,is,liked,他经常嘲笑我。我经常被他嘲笑。,He often laughs at me.I _ often _by him.,am,laughed at,一般现在时 Simple Present,2.一般过去时 Simple Past,警察抓到一个小偷。一个小偷被警察抓到了。,The police caught a thief.A thief _ by the police.,was caught,2
5、.一般过去时 Simple past,狗咬了他。他被狗咬了。,A dog bit him.He _by a dog.,was bitten,3.一般将来时,地铁将在明年完成。,The subway _ next year.,will,be,finished,河上将建一座桥。如果你违反法律，你就会受到惩罚。,A bridge _ over the river.If you break the law, you _.,will,will be punished,be,built,4.现在完成时 Present Perfect,BP机已经被手机所取代。这件事已经被遗忘了。,Beepers _by m
6、obile phones.This matter _.,have,has,been,replaced,been,forgotten,5.现在进行时的被动语态,1. A stranger is following the girl.,The girl _ _ _ by a stranger.,is,being,followed,二、何时使用被动语态,动作谁做的不知道，说出谁做的没必要。如： Paper is made from wood. The house was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作承受者。如： Calcu
7、lator cant be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.,3. 为了使语气委婉，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 4、科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍等媒体中，突出描述的客观性。如：Over 13 people have been killed i
8、n this accident so far.,三、使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题,含有情态动词的被动语态：动词原形变成be+done,情态动词+be+过去分词,情态动词+do,be going to dobe to dobe sure to doused to dohave to dohad better do,be going to be donebe to be donebe sure to be doneused to be donehave to be donehad better be done,练习,1. They should reprint the book soon. _2
9、. They can not find him. _3. The rabbits used to eat the carrots. _4. They are to set up a power station in their home town. _,The book should be reprinted soon.,He can not be found by them.,The carrots used to be eaten by the rabbits.,A power station is to be set up in .,2.带有双宾语的句子变为被动语态,(1) 变间接宾语为
10、被动语态的主语，保留直接宾语： (2)变直接宾语为被动语态的主语，把间接宾语 改为介词to 或for引起的状语,(1) S+V+O1+O2,O2+be done+ to/ for +O1,He sent me a present . I was sent a present by him. A present was sent to me by him, 练习 1. He showed me his pictures. _. _. 2. Aunt made me a new dress. _. _.,I was shown his pictures by him.,His pictures w
11、ere shown to me by him.,I was made a new dress by aunt.,A new dress was made for me by aunt.,3.含有复合宾语的主动句变被动句,(1)形容词、名词作宾补时，将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。如： They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi.,S+V+O+OC,O+be done+OC,(2)感官动词(hear, listen to ,watch, see, feel, notice)和使役动词(make, let, have, help)等动词后接不定式做宾补时一般不加
12、to，但变为被动时，必须加to。S+ be（的各种形式 ) + felt /seen /heard /noticed / watched /observed /made /had etc + to do sth.口诀：一感，二听，三让，四看。 主动句中to拿走，被动句中to回来。,1. The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing
13、C. made; saw,see / hear sb. do sthbe seen / heard to do sthsee / hear sb. doing sth.be seen / heard doing sth.make sb.do sth.be made to do sth.,主动:被动:,主动:被动:,主动:被动:,S+动词+介词/副词/副词+介词+O(look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc.),4 动词短语的被动语态,She
14、was listening to her teacher attentively.,Her teacher was being listened to by her attentively.,固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词, They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived. _ They will set up a new public school here. _,The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.,A new public schoo
15、l will be set up here.,练习,People say he will go abroad.,5、当句子的谓语为 say,report, think, know, write,consider, report等此时被动语态有两种形式,It is said that he will go abroad.,He is said to go abroad,sb./sth. be said to doIt is/ was said that sb./sth.这两个句型转换时要注意谓语动词作相应的变化。,关键一点(1) said believed do sb./sth. be repo
16、rted to be doing(正在做) supposed have done thought （做了某事） ,1.Ahealthcareprojectisreported_treatmentathalfthecostorlessnextyear, dependingontheneedsof thepatient.A. tohaveprovided B. willprovideC. tobeproviding D. toprovide,2.-IsBobstillperforming? -Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanof
17、ficial.A.tohaveleft B.toleaveC.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft,（1）某些不及物动词表示被动意义，这类句子的主语（多是物）通常具有某些内在的特性，能够促使动词所表达的动作实现或难以实现。如：drive ,read, sell, wash, tear, wear, clean , write ,etc.The shirt washes well.His novel sells well.The pen writes quite smoothly.,谓语动词是以下时，无被动。如： happen, take place ,belong to, sui
18、t, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last（延长）,cost（花费）break out（爆发）appear, lack（缺乏），hold(容纳)， burst out(迸发)， agree with（同意）。The war broke out between two countries.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.,主动形式表被动用法小结,（3） Need, want, require, deserve, be worth， bear, stand 后面接doing主动表被动。 Your hai
19、r wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。The book is worth reading(be worthy to be done). 这本书值得一读。 The little girl cant stand criticizing . 小女孩经不起批评。（ bear, stand ，be worth习惯上不用动词不定式）,（5）不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的
20、), convenient（便利的，方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。,（6）在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责?You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let.此房出租。 A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。,五、练习,7. 这房子属于我。 _8. 这音乐听起来很悦耳。 _9. 这种笔在那个国家很好销。 _,This room belongs to me.,This music sounds sweet.,This pen sells well in that country.,
