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1、初三英语总复习语法系列训练,被动语态,重庆一中 张俊霞,1 被动语态的构成被动语态的句子是以be动词+过去分词的形式来表达，如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接by，译为“被（由）”。1 被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+（by）.否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by）.一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）？被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。,1.一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词History is made by the people
2、.历史是人民创造的。2.一般过去时 was/were+过去分词These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994.这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。3.一般将来时 will/shall be+过去分词Li Ming will be asked to visit this palace.李明将被邀请参观这座宫殿。,4.现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词A new railway is being built.一条新铁路正在修建。5.过去进行时 was/were+being+过去分词The roads were being built.路那时
3、正在加宽。6.现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已经被派往去上海工作了。,7.过去完成时 had been+过去分词A new hotel had been built when I got there.我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。8.过去将来时 would/should be+过去分词He said a new hotel would be built in two months.他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。9.含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词The room must be k
4、ept clean every day.房间必须每天保持干净。,3 被动语态的否定句和疑问句English is not used in European countries.欧洲国家不使用英语。Is English used in European countries？欧洲国家使用英语吗？1.否定句凡是有be动词的句子，其否定句都是在be动词的后面加not，被动语态也不例外。This song is not liked by young people.这支歌不被年轻人所喜爱。Rome was not built in a day.罗马城不是一天建成的。,2.被动语态的疑问句把Be动词放在句首
5、，就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句；而疑问词+一般疑问句就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句了。Is Chinese used only in China？汉语只是在中国使用吗？Were these computers made in the U.S.A.？这些计算机是美国制造的吗？Yes，they were.是的。No，they werent.不是。What language is spoken in China？中国说什么语言？,2 主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法很简单：把原句中的宾语变为主语；动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词；原来的主语，如果需要的话放在by后面以指明做事的
6、人或物。如果没必要，可以省略。主动语态变为被动语态的步骤如下：步骤1.以主动句的宾语为主语。步骤2.将动词改为be+过去分词的被动语态构成。这一步是关键，特别要注意be动词要以新的主语的人称、数来变化，同时时态不变，主动语态是什么时态，被动语态仍保持什么时态。步骤3.将主动语态的主语改为by形式放在句尾，注意如果是代词，则由主格改为宾格。,3 被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+过去分词”可能是系表结构，也可能是被动语态，其主要区别是：1。被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。The letter was written yesterday.（动作）The le
7、tter is written in English.（状态）The store is closed at five.（动作）The store is closed today.（状态）The window is broken.窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）,注意 为了明确地表示该被动语态是表示动作的，可用get来代替be动词。My bike got（代替was）stolen.我的自行车被偷了。2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需
8、用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）,将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：He told us a story.（变被动语态）W
9、e were told a story（by him）.或：A story was told to us by him.Her mother gave her a new pen.（变被动语态）A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother.2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：She will take good care of the children.（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _（by her）,3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾
10、语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.（变被动语态）He _ _ _swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _in our city.5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Who has bro
11、ken the cup？（改为被动语态）By whom has the cup been broken？,初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1.be covered with被覆盖 2.be made of由制作（发生物理变化）be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3.be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth.被用来做某事 4.It is said that.据说 It is hoped that.希望 It is well known that.众
12、所周知例如：,1Many people visited Nara.Nara _ _ by many people.2Miss Ding teaches us English.English _ _ by Miss Ding.3We call her Grace.She _ _ Grace.4When did they make these cars?When _ these cars made?5My uncle gave me some English books.Some English books _ to me by my uncle.I _ some English books by
13、 my uncle.,1English_（speak）here.2The song_（like）by us all twenty years ago.3The pictures_（take）by Jack tomorrow.4The computer_（can use）in the room.5The room_（paint）now.6The novel_（translate）into many languages since it was published.7That clock_（call）Big Ben.8Last week，when I_（ask）about English cult
14、ure，I couldnt answer it well.9What language_（speak）in your country？10School football games _often_（hold）on Friday evenings.,6People called him clever Hans.He _ _ _ _.71 was encouraged by my parents.My parents _ _.8Who will look after the children?_ _ _the childern _ _ _?9My father has written to my
15、brother.My brother _ _ _ _ _ my father.9What language_（speak）in your country？10School football games _often_（hold）on Friday evenings.,选择填空1I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set _ 5,000yuan.Ahas cost Bcost Ccosted Dwas cost2Great changes _ place since he came here.A have been taken Bhave takenC has been taken Dhas taken3He was seen _ something from the shop.AstealBto stealCto be stolen Dstealed4She has _ by her classmates.AlaughedBlaughed atCbeen laughed Dbeen laughed at,
