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1、一、几种典型平台的结构组成,自升式平台：平台主体；桩腿（圆柱|桁架）；升降机构半潜式平台：上层平台；下浮体（或浮箱）；立柱和撑杆导管架平台：上部结构；导管架；桩,二、海洋立管,立管：连接钻井船或平台至水下井口的钢质管状结构。按用途可分为：,DrillingCompletion/workover (similar to Drilling risers) Production/injectionExport,二、海洋立管,钻井隔水管作用：,为钻井液提供通道为钻杆从水面至井口导向,组成：,多节钢管连接而成，每支钢管两端有特制接箍。张紧器：提供张紧力，避免压屈。伸缩隔水管：随船体有4.6-9.1m的升
2、沉。上下球接头：,俄罗斯ZAO公司铝合金隔水管,俄罗斯ZAO公司采用铝合金(主要成分为Al-Zn-Mg和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu)作为隔水管材料,在满足强度要求的条件下,铝合金隔水管比钢制隔水管更轻,在平台承载能力不变的情况下,能够在更大水深的海域钻井。但是,ZAO公司隔水管采用的是法兰连接,下隔水管时效低,不能有效提高钻井效率。,法国IFP和Framatome公司CLIP隔水管从20世纪80年代起,法国石油研究院(IFP)和Framatome公司就在开发CLIP隔水管,如图34。开发CLIP隔水管的主要目的是为了提供快速和安全连接的隔水管接头,来满足大直径、超深水钻井所需的高压力压井和节流管线
3、的连接需要。目前,已经为Pride International公司制造了2套系统,Pride International公司已经在Pride Africa和Pride Angola钻井船上使用。,图4CLIP隔水管接头,Cameron公司LoadKing隔水管系统LoadKing型法兰隔水管系统属于传统的钢制法兰式连接隔水管系统,如图5。由于采用法兰式连接,隔水管系统连接强度大,所以主要用来满足水深在3 048 m(10 000英尺)或以上的超深水钻井的需求。该系统包括钻井隔水管、张力环以及承载1 8144 t(4106磅)载荷等级的伸缩接头锁紧系统。该系统可以和最高载荷等级的工业应用的卡盘、
4、万向节和送入工具配套使用。,a隔水管 b隔水管接头,Low-pressure Drilling Riser,Drilling risers is subdivided into Low-pressure risers 2)booster line3)hydraulic lineRiser joint is equipped with syntactic foam buoyancy modules to reduce the weight in water.,Low-pressure Drilling Riser,1)kill and choke lines, used to communica
5、te with the well and circulate fluid in the event of a gas kick for which the seafloor blowout preventer(BOP) has to be closed;2)booster line, used to injected fluid at the low end of the riser and accelerate the flow so as to better evacuate the cuttings.3)small-diameter hydraulic line, used to pow
6、er the seabed BOP,peripheral lines:,peripheral lines are attached to the main tube by several guides. These have to be carefully designed,since they prevent the peripheral lines from buckling under the effect of internal pressure.,Low-pressure Drilling Riser,Joints are equipped with syntactic foam b
7、uoyancy modules to reduce the weight in water.Drilling risers are generally equipped with such modules over the upper part of their length.A short length close to the surface is usually left bare, to reduce hydrodynamic loads in the zone where the wave forces are greatest. The lower part of the rise
8、r is also often left bare, since the density(and cost) of syntactic foam increases with the required design pressure- and hence with depth.,Low-pressure risers,high-pressure risers,BOP is located at the surfaceThis riser has a much simpler architecture than does a low-pressured riser , since it does
9、 not require kill and choke linesIn the event of a gas kick, the BOP is closed at the surface, which is immediately accessie on the drilling rig. Thus the riser has to be designed to take full well pressure.More risk when drilling, unless an adequate seabed disconnection system can be provided in ca
10、se of an emergency.,Production risers,Bundled risers, flexible risers, top-tensioned risers(TTRs), steel catenary risers(SCRs)Export risers is similar to those of Production/injection risers,but with larger diameters and lower pressures.,Bundled risers,Encompasses several different riser architectur
11、esInspired by architecture of lower pressure drilling risers.Comprise a core pipe with a number of satellite production resers around it , to which it was attached by guides.The central core pipe also served as the export riser.Each satellite riser had its own tensioner,flexible risers,Changes in lateral offset of the platform tended to induce large variations in pipe tension, and large changes in position of the touchdown point(TDP) at the seabed. To reduce those effects,a number of architectures were developed for the section close to the seabed.,SCRs,
