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1、welcome to our class,囧,如果这只毛茸茸的狗被大雨淋了，会是什么模样呢？,囧?,呜好囧啊！,If you come across some words you dont know while reading,What will you do?,Guess the meaning,2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。,猜
2、测词义 读懂文章,-高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）,猜测词义题目类型,对考纲外生词的猜测,Many United Nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.“polyglot”most probably means“_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,I had first known she was wrong that her anxiety had clouded her judgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_.”,The biggest finding
3、 in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.(07四川卷)By saying“the brain at any age is highly plastic”,the writer means the brain can be _.A.used B.mastered C.developed D.researched,对句义的猜测,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word
4、“”refers to_.2.What do you think the expression“”stands for?3.The underlined word“”means _.4.The word“”could best be replaced by _.,语境法Contextclues,猜测词意,怎么猜？,构词法Wordformation,Word Formation(构词法)：派 生 法:supermarket合 成 法:salesgirl转 化 法:“walk”the dog,有什么启发？,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极
5、微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向),派 生 法,superman microwave(超人)nonnatural mispronounce(非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),(05重庆卷)When he reached the place with his army,he found an
6、 impassable river in front of him.impassable:,不能通行的,Its true that lighthouse（灯塔）were built in out-of-the-way place.out-of-the-way：,偏僻的,合 成 法,When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they picture modern life?picture：,想象，描绘,转 化 法,猜测词义：语境法,?,Logical relations（逻辑关系）,No.1 A person w
7、ho is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects（物体、物件）is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.,木匠,动物学家,语境法猜测词义,定义或释义关系通常表现为定语从句，同位语，由be called，be known as,be defined as，that is(to say),in other words，to put it another way等词汇或破折号引出的具体解释性的话。,小 结,试试看：Th
8、e herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.Last week,I work on the day.But this week I am on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.,牧人,夜班,No.2 Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.,肥胖的，丰满的,John usually wastes a lot
9、 of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.,节约的,语境法猜测词义,表同义关系的词：and，or，like,as as,thesame as表转折关系的词：but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，on the contrary。,小 结,试 试 看(05广东卷)“Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down（吞）They mu
10、st be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word roughly means _.A.encouraged B.comparedC.examined D.developed,No.3Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.,精明的,修剪,语境法猜测词义,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so
11、，thus，as a result，so,so that,such that therefore等)表示前因后果。,小 结,(06陕西卷)The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so they will no longer have a roof over their heads.In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.A.a cap B.a car C.a home D.a c
12、overing,试 试 看,No.4 On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.,家 禽,语境法猜测词义,常用such as,like，for example,for instance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。,小 结,The new couple bought a lot of household appliances,such as washing machine,fridge and microwave oven(微
13、波炉)etc.,家 电,试试看,Many United Nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.,通晓多种语言的,No.5 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious(失去知觉）,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what
14、 is happening to him.,麻药,语境法猜测词义,小 结,根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。,试试看When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.,波纹,（05 福建卷）Rainforests like the Amazon are important
15、 for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out,The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down.I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man.In some places it is still
16、standing,but really not firm enough.Unless there is some good medicine,most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one hundred years.If people dont take medicine,the Great Wall will fall down.B.The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man,who needs medical care.C.We must take some measures to prot
17、ect the Great Wall,or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 yearsD.The Great Wall is falling down,and it will disappear in the future.,No.6,语境法猜测词义,小 结,所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。,The biggest finding in brain researc
18、h in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.(07四川卷)By saying“the brain at any age is highly plastic”,the writer means the brain can be _.A.used B.mastered C.developed D.researched,语境法Contextclues,怎么猜?,summary,构词法Wordformation,Wo
19、rd Formation(构词法),派 生 法,合 成 法,转 化 法,语 境 法,猜,Homework,1.Go over what we learned in this period.2.Finish additional exercises,Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,Enjoy reading!,Bye-bye!,Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动(1),1.There are some glaciers moving down the m
20、ountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山 B.树枝 C.冰河 D.冰 2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever,小试身手,3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near
21、 the office where he works.A.租用 B.借出 C.购买 D.参观,4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest,5.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的
22、 B.古怪的 C.闲不住 D.动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士 B.温饱 C.非常贫困 D.虚弱,7.Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A.活泼的 B.好动的 C.多嘴多舌的 D.可爱的 8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different fr
23、om that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.countryside D.house 9.This boy is not stupid,on the contrary,no one could be more intelligent.A.勤奋的 B.愚蠢的 C.聪明的 D.情报,10.Children are always boasting.They say things like“My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has
24、more money than yours.”The word“boasting”means _.A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚,Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动(2),Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins(企鹅)face starvation（饥饿）after two giant icebergs（冰山）broke off the Antarctic ice sheet（南极冰川）and blocked（阻塞）their parents road to the feeding areas.Adelin
25、e and emperor penguins nesting（筑巢）on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks,born during the November-December breeding（繁殖）season.What does the underlined word“obtain”probably mean?A.eat B.get C.sell D.buy,B,Passage 2 A mans p
26、osition among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen（部落成员）.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage(宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this te
27、xt.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame,D,Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution（革命）he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院)opposed（反对）this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_
28、.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping,B,Passage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed（犁）the cane fields（甘蔗田）.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but
29、it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.relaxing D.challenging,B,Passage 5 Although he oft
30、en had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stop,B,Passage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major
31、 fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.The underlined word“astounded”
32、means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised,D,Passage 7(2003NMET)With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.,unconditional:nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,Unfam
33、iliar word is to English reading what setback is to our life.You can choose to ignore it or turn to others for help,but most of time you Will have to overcome it on your own.No matter what difficulty you come across in your life,remember that as long as you dont lose heart,you are sure to find a way out.,
