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1、虚 拟 语 气the Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等,Definition,Recall,Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）,虚拟语气,Types,If 型,Should+V 型,类似 If 型,虚拟语气,例句If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.If it snowed/should/were to
2、snow tomorrow,all the crops would be ruined.明天要是下雪的话，所有庄稼都会毁坏。(与将来事实可能相反)3.If I were you,I would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你),If 型,过去式(were),had done,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+have done,1.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.were to do,would/could/should/might+V.(原),虚拟语气,
3、1.If 型,If you _tomorrow,you _find the new manager working in the office.,A.should come;would B.would come;wouldC.will come;should D.comes;might,If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident,the child would have been saved.,A.arrives B.arrive C.had arrived D.has arrived,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,If型特例1：
4、错综时间虚拟语气：,定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同,If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.,与过去相反,与现在相反,各自为准,虚拟语气,If型特例2：省略 if 的条件从句：,用法：从句中有 were,had 或 should 时，省略if，而把它们放在句首。,3.If you had not helped me，I should have failed.,2.If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.,1.If I were you
5、,I would not do that.,Were I you,I would not do that.,Should he failed in the experiment this time,he would try again.,Had you not helped me,I should have failed.,在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句及主语从句中,2.Should+V 型,虚拟语气,句型 it is necessary/strange/that+从句,三个建议,四个要求,insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,
6、require,request,ask,其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中。,虚拟语气,Should+v 型,两个命令,一个坚持,1.在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的词有：,Translation,他建议我们早点回家。He suggested that we(should)go home earlier.It was suggested that we(should)go home earlier.His suggestion was that we(should)go home earlier.He made an suggestion tha
7、t we(should)go home earlier.,虚拟语气,宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,TIPS,T.or F.You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.Your pale face suggests that you are ill.I insisted that you(should)be wrong.I insisted that you were wrong.,insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should+do;Insist 表示“坚持认为
8、，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。,F,T,F,T,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural，desired，a pity,a shame,no wonder。,Should+V 型,2.It is important(necessary,strange,)that.,我们有必要出去散散步。她这样做是很自然的。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,Should+V 型,虚拟语气,Translation,Its necessary that we should ha
9、ve a walk.,Its natural that she should do so.,Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,Wish/As if(though),3.类似 if 型,虚拟语气,Would rather/If only,But for+n/Without+n,Its(high)time+that,虚拟语气,例句1.I wish I were 30 years younger.2.I wish(that)you would get a good job.3.He wished he hadnt
10、done it.4.He treats the little girl as if she were her own daughter.5.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.6.My best friend talked so angrily as if she would never meet me.,类似 if 型（1）,Wish/As if/（though）+从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时(had done)未来:would/could/might+V.(原),类似 if 型（1）,I would rath
11、er you did not go tomorrow。,he hadnt done that yesterday,you were not my sister.,If only I had seen the film yesterday.,I had the chance to travel for free.,类似 if 型（2）,虚拟语气,would Rather+（that）从句 宁愿。,If only+要是。,过去时,过去完成时,现在,过去,过去时,过去完成时,现在/将来,过去,类似 if 型（2）,虚拟语气,Its(high)time+that,过去时(were)/Should(不省
12、)+V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.,类似 if 型（3）,类似 if 型（4）,虚拟语气,but for+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise(否则)，in that case，,一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）,其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。,+句子,would/could/should/might+V.(原),wou
13、ld/could/should/might+have done,现在/将来,过去,1.But for your help,we such rapid progress.(make),没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。,would not have made,虚拟语气,类似 if 型,2.Without air,there _ no living things.(be)如果没有空气，就不会有生物,would be,3.Thanks to the brave young man,otherwise,the boy _(die).多亏那个勇敢的年轻人，要不然，那个男孩就死了。,would
14、have died,Subjective mood,If 型Should+v型类似if型,。,错综时间虚拟语气Were,had,should提前，省略if,1.一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。,2.It is（necessary，strange）+that,wish/as if、though Would rather/if onlyIt is(high)time thatBut for/otherwise/without/in that case,1.过去式2.过去完成3.could、would、might+v,1.过去式2.过去完成,Should（不省）+v/过去式,1.Would,
15、could,should,might+v,2.would,could,should,might+have done,insistsuggest,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missed,Exercises,A,2.If I knew you were coming,I _ you at the airport.A.had met B.met C.would meet D.would have met,D,3.If only I _ t
16、o my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen,B,4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell,A,5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had gone,B,虚拟语气,6.Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱),th
17、ough his parents feed him very well.A.get B.getting C.got D.should get,C,7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B.were C.was D.been,A,8.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lent,B,9.Have you ever been to Beijing
18、?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had,D,10.I dont think it is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must go,B,11.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken,C,虚拟语气,If I had slept well last nightI would not have been late for workIf I had not been late I would not have been blamed by Mr.WangIf I had not been blamedI would be happierIf I were happierI would,Please write it down in the form of poetry with the title“If”,trying to use the structures of Subjunctive Mood.,Homework,See You Next Time,
