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1、功能对等理论在科技英语汉译中的应用研究 功能对等理论在科技英语汉译中的应用研究 A Study of Applying Functional Equivalence Theory in Translating EST into Chinese 【摘要】 科技英语是专门用途英语中的一个分支,作为国际科技交流的主要媒介,逐渐引起科学界和语言学界的广泛关注。自20世纪七十年代末,中国实行改革开放以来,随着科技兴国这一基本国策的制定,科学技术受到了全民族的普遍重视。在我国学习国外先进科学技术的过程中,科技英语汉译发挥了极其重要的作用。但是到目前为止,我国科技英语汉译的现状还远远不能令人满意。以往的科技
2、英语翻译研究主要集中在具体的翻译策略、翻译技巧方面,理论基础不够扎实,而本研究的目的是将先进的西方现代翻译理论引入科技英语汉译领域,来指导中国科技英语汉译的实践工作。奈达的功能对等理论自问世以来,得到了人们的高度评价,并且对翻译研究产生了重要的影响。本文将功能对等理论应用于科技英语汉译实践,据此建立翻译标准,以便提高科技英语汉译的翻译质量。通过对科技英语在词汇、句法和语篇方面的特点进行总结,本研究发现科技英语和圣经在功能上存在很大的相似性,进而证明了功能对等理论适用于科技英语汉译,能够用来指导科技英语汉译的实践工作。在确定了功能对等理论对于科技英语汉译的指导意义之后,本文对于如何在科技英语汉译
3、的过程中,充分运用功能对等理论进行了深入的探讨。按照吴新祥和李宏安四步走的翻译模式,本文对科技英语汉译的具体过程进行了全面而系统的分析,首先从单词等值着手,然后逐步实现最终的篇章等值。最后,本文得出的结论是通过运用功能对等理论来指导科技英语汉译的实践工作,能够有效的提高科技英语汉译的翻译质量。【Abstract】 English for Science and Technology (EST) is a major branch of English for Special Purposes. As the main medium of international scientific and
4、 technological communication, EST has gradually drawn extensive attention from scientists and linguists. Since Chinas opening up and reform in late 1970s, the importance of science and technology has been widely recognized by the whole nation along with the stipulation of the basic national policy o
5、f“making the country prosper with science and technology”. In the course of Chinas introducing advanced science and technology from foreign countries, the EST translation into Chinese has played an important role. However, up till now, the status quo of EST translation into Chinese in China still le
6、aves much to be desired. In addition, the researches on EST translation in the past are mainly focused on specific translation strategies and translation techniques. This thesis intends to introduce Nidas functional equivalence theory into the field of EST translation into Chinese as the translation
7、 criterion to guide the practical work.Since its birth, Nidas functional equivalence theory has been much valued and exerted far-reaching influences in translation studies. This thesis introduces functional equivalence as the translation criterion for the practice of translating EST into Chinese in
8、order to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of EST translation into Chinese. Through summarizing the linguistic characteristics of EST from the aspects of lexicon, syntax and discourse, this thesis finds that there is great similarity between EST and the Bible in the respects of function,
9、thus arriving at the further conclusion that functional equivalence theory is applicable to the field of EST translation into Chinese. After indicating the significance of applying functional equivalence theory in EST translation into Chinese, the thesis continues to discuss in great details how to
10、achieve functional equivalence in actual translation practice. According to the four-step translation model put forward by Wu Xinxiang and Li Hongan, this thesis conducts a thorough and systematic analysis on the concrete process of translating EST into Chinese, starting from word equivalence and gr
11、adually approaching to the ultimate goal of discourse equivalence. Finally, the thesis comes to the conclusion that under the guidance of functional equivalence theory, the quality of EST translation into Chinese can be effectively improved.【关键词】 科技英语汉译; 功能对等理论; 翻译模式; 语言特点 【Key words】 E-C translatio
12、n of EST; functional equivalence theory; translation model; linguistic characteristics 功能对等理论在科技英语汉译中的应用研究内容提要 4-5 Synopsis 5-6 Chapter 1 Introduction 9-14 1.1 Research Background 9-11 1.2 Significance of the Research 11-12 1.3 Research Objectives and Research Methods 12-13 1.4 Layout of the Thesis
13、13-14 Chapter 2 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 14-34 2.1 Literature Review 14-22 2.1.1 Equivalence in Translation Studies 14-16 2.1.2 Previous Studies on Functional Equivalence Theory 16-19 2.1.3 Previous Studies on EST Translation 19-22 2.2 Theoretical Framework 22-34 2.2.1 Nidas Funct
14、ional Equivalence Theory 22-30 2.2.2 Translation Model 30-34 Chapter 3 Linguistic Characteristics of EST 34-50 3.1 Definition and Classification of EST 34-36 3.2 Linguistic Characteristics of EST 36-48 3.2.1.A t Lexicon Level 36-39 3.2.2 At Syntax Level 39-41 3.2.3 At Discourse Level 41-48 3.3 Feasi
15、bility of Applying Functional Equivalence Theory in Translating EST into Chinese 48-50 Chapter 4 Application of Functional Equivalence in EST Translation 50-73 4.1 Theoretical Application of Functional Equivalence Theory 50-55 4.1.1 EST Translation Principles Guided by Functional Equivalence Theory
16、50-53 4.1.2 EST Translation Process Guided by Functional Equivalence Theory 53-55 4.2 Practical Application of Functional Equivalence 55-73 4.2.1 Word Translation 55-59 4.2.2 Phrase Translation 59-62 4.2.3 Sentence Translation 62-66 4.2.4 Discourse Translation 66-73 Chapter 5 Conclusion 73-76 5.1 Findings of This Thesis 73-74 5.2 Implications of This Thesis 74-75 5.3 Limitations of This Thesis and Suggestions for Further Studies 75-76 References 76-79 Acknowledgements 79-80 摘要 80-83 Abstract 83-87
