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1、2010年12月大学英语四级写作提高笔记51. 某些分隔结构1) 动词短语相关部分被分隔(当make use of ，take notice of，pay attention to，等动词短语变成被动语态时)。Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.2)双重定语引起的分隔。But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and
2、 proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.52. to be doingwhen是一个句型，多译为某人正在做时，突然。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 oclock, when a very big, very tall man, accosted them and de
3、manded their purses.53. tooto句型Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.54. so much that句型But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to writ
4、e sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.55. when引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为当的时候，它还有许多种译法。Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the
5、 possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.56. notbecause，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, bec
6、ause she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.57. sothat, suchthat是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, thal ever be ours.58. by doing结构。这个结构的意思是通过(做)，但翻译实践中不能拘泥
7、于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.59. 下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot
8、 get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.60. whatof句型I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.61. 英语的一个习惯用法是：
9、当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.62. to have not(as) to see中的不定式也有否定意味。He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest mark
10、s of distinction.63. It occurred to sb. that意为突然想到，It dawned on sb.that.突然想起等。 从句是想起的内容。I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye co
11、ntact, I would have been rude and aggressive.64. It follows that=It happens as a result常常被译为由此可见，因此，从前，可以推断等等。It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have com
12、pletely ceased to exist.65. thats all there is to it，意思是也不过如此而已。可根据上下文视情况处理。If Im touched, Im touched-thats all there is to it.66. The chances are that是一句型，译为有可能。The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linge
13、r.67. Feel, see, leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.68. 某此以no, nowhere, never, notbout, notany, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。I never go past the theatre but I think
14、of his last performance.69. 某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology
15、to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.70. 某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those eng
16、aged in it.71. 修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.72. 一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下
17、文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinn
18、er.一、 the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最
19、仁慈的教师。二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.(再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。) 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、Th
20、ere is no denying that + S + V .(不可否认的.)例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界都知道.)例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。六、There is no dou
21、bt that + 句子 (毫无疑问的.)例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、An advantage of is that + 句子 (.的优点是.)例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句
22、子 (.的原因是.)例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此.以致于.)例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍
23、贵，我们经不起浪费它。十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然.)例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。十一、The+er+S+V,the+er+S+VThe+more+Adj+S+V,the+more+Adj+S+V(愈.愈.)例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprog
24、ressyoumake.你愈努力，你愈进步。Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。十二、By+Ving,can(借着.，.能够.)例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、enable+Object(受词)+to+V(.使.能够.)例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V(我们绝对不能.)例句：Onnoaccountcanweig
25、norethevalueofknowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。十五、Itistime+S+过去式(该是.的时候了)例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Thosewho(.的人.)例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。十七、Thereisnoonebut(没有人不.)例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogo
26、tocollege.没有人不渴望上大学。十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V(不得不.)例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。十九、It isconceivablethat+句子(可想而知的)Itisobviousthat+句子(明显的)Itisapparentthat+句子(显然的)例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.可想而知，知识
27、在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。二十、Thatisthereasonwhy(那就是.的原因)例句：Summerissultry.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。二十一、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式.(过去.年来，.一直.)例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedver
28、yhard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。二十三、Itpaysto+V(.是值得的。)例句：Itpaystohelpothers.帮助别人是值得的。二十四、bebasedon(以.为基础)例句：Theprogressoftheesocietyisbasedonharmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V(不遗余力的)例句：Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。二十六、bringhometo+人+事(让.明白.事)例句：Weshouldbringhometopeople
29、thevalueofworkinghard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。二十七、becloselyrelatedto(与.息息相关)例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth.做运动与健康息息相关。二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V(养成.的习惯)Weshouldgetintothehabitofkeepinggoodhours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,(因为.)例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinall
30、yrealizedmydream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!(多么.!)例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!Howimportantathingitistokeepourpromise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事!三十一、Leavemuchtobedesired(令人不满意)例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。三十二、Haveagreatinfluenceon(对.有很大的影响)例句：
31、Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。三十三、dogoodto(对.有益)，doharmto(对.有害)例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.读书对心灵有益。Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作过度对健康有害。三十四、Poseagreatthreatto(对.造成一大威胁)例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest(尽全力去.)例句：Weshoulddoou
32、rutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。英语四级常用短语汇总1.校园生活类：1)大学学习类：application form 申请表assignment 作业instructor辅导老师assessment (对学生的学习情况)评估course arrangement 课程安排credit 学分dean 导师enrolmentregister for 注册oral examination 口试graduate school 研究生院letter of recommendation 推荐信participation 出勤postgraduat
33、e 研究生president 校长required coursecompulsory course 必修课optional course 选修课scoremark 分数school of Arts and Sciences 文理学院take an examinationsit an examination 参加考试undergraduate 本科生2)大学生活类cafeteria 自助小餐厅call slip 索书单campus 校园club 学生俱乐部current account 现金帐户current issues 本期刊物back issues 过期刊物catalogue 目录depo
34、sit money in a bank 存钱dining hall 食堂dormitory 宿舍lecture hall 阶梯教室library card 借书卡overdue and pay a fine 过期罚款renew (借书)续借shopping mallcentre 购物中心society 学生社团student union 学生会withdrawdraw cash 取钱2.交通旅游类1)交通规则类crash 撞车amber light 黄灯cross road 十字路drive without license 无证驾驶excessive speed 超速green light 绿
35、灯traffic jam 交通拥挤narrow road 窄路red light 红灯parking place 停车场speed limit 速度限制traffic light 红绿灯traffic police 交通警察traffic regulation 交通规则zebra stripes 斑马线2)旅游类词汇check-in 登记入住check-out 结帐离开(退房)holiday resort 度假区one-way ticket 单程机票place of sightseeing 游览胜地room service 客房服务round-trip ticket 来回机票sightseei
36、ng tour 观光旅游star-rated hotel 星级饭店tour group 旅游团队tour guide 导游travel service 旅行社vacation tour 度假旅游tourist attraction 旅游胜地社会热点类bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会birth control 计划生育brain drain 人才外流bubble economy 泡沫经济care for senior citizens 关心老年人comprehensive national power 综合国力compulsory education 义务教育com
37、puter crime 电脑犯罪divorce 离婚dropout student 失学儿童economic globalizationeconomic integration 经济全球化education for all-round development 素质教育exam-oriented education 应试教育intellectual property rights 知识产权juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪knowledge-based economy 知识经济laid-off worker 下岗职工migrant worker 民工net friend 网友n
38、et citizen 网民off line 下线online love affair 网恋people orientedpeople foremost 以人为本pioneering spirit 首创精神preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境prime time 黄金时段puppy love 早恋rate of unemployment 失业率rural population 乡村人口self-protection awareness 自我保护意识self-service ticketing 无人售票shopping online 网上购物sing
39、le parent family 单亲家庭surf the Internet 网上冲浪sustainable development 可持续发展team spirit 团队精神reduce study load 学生减负university students innovative undertaking 大学生创业virtual net 虚拟网络win-win situation 双赢局面chain debts 三角债assistant president 总裁助理eliminate illiteracy 扫盲excusive agency 专卖店New Human Being 新新人类onl
40、ine trading platform 网上交易平台cost of livingincome maintenance 生活费用advance with times 与时俱进A well-paid job 待遇丰厚的工作一. 四级作文常见连接词总结：1.表示空间顺序near tofar fromin the front ofbesidebehindto the rightto the lefton the other side of2.表示时间顺序firstafter a few dayseventuallyat that timein the meantimemeanwhileafterwa
41、rdfrom then on3.表示举例for exampleto name a few, say ,such as4.表示递进(补充说明)关系in additionfurthermorewhats morewhats worse5.表示对比关系whereaswhileas opposed toby contrastby comparisonDirection: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write acomposition on the topic Cars and Air Pollution. You should writen
42、o less than 120 words and base your composition on the outlinebelow:1.私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生2.比较明显的大问题有.3.我对这种现象的看法Car and Air PollutionToo many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air p
43、ollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death.One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natura
44、l gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars completely replace the traditional ones.Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises
45、 constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly.On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalists.Overseas Study at an Early Age1.目前很多父母在孩子高中毕业前就总他们出国学习2.导致这种趋势的原因是什么3.我对此的看法Nowada
