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1、学号：学士学位论文题 目 English Teaching in Primary Schools to Explore Effective Ways and Means学 生 指导教师 年 级 2007级专 业 英 语系 别 英语系学 院 文理学院学 士 学 位 论 文题 目 English Teaching in Primary Schools to Explore Effective Ways and Means学 生 指导教师 年 级 2007级专 业 英 语系 别 英语系学 院 文理学院2011年4月ContentsAbstract1Keyword11 Status of Intern
2、ational Teaching Method11.1Status of foreign Teaching Method11.1.1Skinners study on the Pedagogy11.1.2 Thorndikes research on teaching method21.2 Status of domestic Teaching Method21.2.1 Yeshengtaos study of teaching method21.2.2 Luzhonghengs study of teaching method22 Primary English Teaching in Ch
3、ina32.1 Primary English Teaching now32.2 The status of School Course32.2.1 Less English class32.2.2 Blindness and randomness42.3 Teacher conditions42.3.1 Insufficient number of teachers42.3.2 Problem of Teacher quality52.4 English teaching and sources of information52.4.1 Traditional teaching method
4、52.4.2 Traditional concepts of education63. Improving the teaching environment and content73.1Improving the teaching environment73.1.1 Whole Language Approach73.1.2 Adjust the seat103.1.3 Decorated White walls113.1.4 Open class113.2 Improve the teaching content113.2.1 Into peoples lives, independent
5、 study123.2.2 Relying on life, learning experience123.3 Improve teaching methods123.3.1 The use of visual teaching methods, the creation of daily life teaching situation123.3.2 The use of audio-visual media, the creation of the scene of daily life teaching123.3.3 Local materials134 The exploration o
6、f new teaching methods134.1 Task-based language teaching134.2 Natural spelling method14Reference16Chinese Abstract17English Teaching in Primary Schools to ExploreEffective Ways and Means Abstract：Education is important because it qualified personnel training for the community. Education is the prosp
7、erity of a country as inexhaustible motive force, and existing support. Therefore, not only in domestic but also abroad, from ancient to modern time, teaching methods, research by many people. Primary education is extremely important, because primary education is the initial stage of a person, layin
8、g the groundwork for future education, so I mainly focus on research to improve primary school English education methods.Keyword：Teaching method Primary English teaching environment teaching content中文摘要探讨小学英语教育的有效途径和方法摘 要：教育是重要的，因为它为社会培养合格的人才。教育是国家作为一个国家的兴旺发达的不竭动力，以及现有的支持。因此，不仅在国内而且在国外，从古代到现代的时间，教育方
9、法，被很多人研究。小学教育是极其重要的，因为小学教育是一个人的起始阶段，为以后的教育做铺垫，所以，我主要注重研究提高小学英语教育的方法。关键字：教学方法 小学教育 教学内容 教学环境1 Status of International Teaching Method1.1Status of foreign Teaching MethodEducation is important,for it trains qualified personnel for society .Education is the support of national existing as well as an in
10、exhaustible motive force for the prosperity of the country .So ,not only in foreign but also in domestic ,from ancient time to modern time,educational method was researched by a lot of people .1.1.1Skinners study on the Pedagogy American psychologist ,Burrhus Frederic Skinner, proposed a learning me
11、thod called program learning method .It divided study contents into many small steps , and arrange it in a systemic way.Learners could study according to this step by step .After one has learned a small part,he or she should answer some questions on this part .If his or her answer is correct ,he or
12、she will have the right to enter the next step .However,if the answer is not correct ,the responder must stop and continue to learn .Program learning method makes learning more easier .It is helpful for the students to study independently .Students can set the pace of the study by themselves and stu
13、dy according to the suitsble schedule .1.1.2 Thorndikes research on teaching methodAnother famous American psychologist - Thorndike ,came up with the idea of Trial-and-error learning method .It is to point to that the consumers buy things through trial and error in certain situations and certain rea
14、ction between establish coupling.When Trial-and-error method is used in study ,it refers to the attempt from failure to success.It mainly to solve problems in learning .Trial-and-error learning method is extremely important as well as a basic learning method in quality study of middle school student
15、.So ,it should not be ignored.1.2 Status of domestic Teaching MethodStudy in foreign countries have been a large number as well as the domestic research. Ancient Chinese have paid a lot of attention to learning method research .For instance，Confuciuss sayings -Is it not pleasant to learn with a cons
16、tant perseverance and application?1.2.1 Yeshengtaos study of teaching method The modern educators Mr Yeshengtao hold out the idea that We should cultivate the students self-learning ability .It means that Students should make a careful plan on study and divided the content into many small parts for
17、every day.The most important thing is Insisting on finishing daily things strictly. So, it has a great help to students in finishing their homework and improving the learning achievements .But it also has a shortcoming that It pays more attention to students self-study, reduce the teachers influence
18、 1.2.2 Luzhonghengs study of teaching methodMr Luzhongheng,who works in psychological research institute of Chinese academy of sciences ，is the first person putting forward the idea of Self-study counselling pedagogy 。385It is also devoted itself to cultivate the students self-learning ability .The
19、main advantages of this method is that Self-study remedial teaching cultivating students self-study habit ,Mastering. self-study approach .therefore,it is quite effective in improving Students grades in school. Also, it has the same weakness with Autonomous learning method Domestic and international
20、 has had so many researches and have been more or less comprehensive or enough for our study on education. We can draw a lot of valuable experience from it.But teaching research methods specific aimed at primary schoolchildren are rare,especially in English teaching.That is to say exploring the prim
21、ary school English teaching effective ways and methods are very important and necessary.So,I have committed to research the primary school English teaching effective ways and methods.2 Primary English Teaching in China2.1 Primary English Teaching now Since the reform and opening up, English educatio
22、n in China have been expanding and has made remarkable achievements. However, the status of English education still can not meet Chinas economic construction and social development needs with the requirements of the times being a gap. 2.2 The status of School Course Although the counties and schools
23、 have done a lot of work, for example, by putting a certain amount of financial and material resources to overcome the difficulties created by the planning English lessons, but teaching situation of English in primary schools is not satisfactory. There are a lot of problems can not be ignored. 2.2.1
24、 Less English class The amount of English classes is not enough. Students can not remember English words easily. And the teaching task for students is too difficult to complete. Ministry of Education requires at least four English classes a week in primary school. They third and fourth grade class t
25、o a short-based, fifth and sixth grade class with the length of long hours of not less than two periods. However, most schools arrange two courses per week, some only because of lack of arrangements for a class of teachers, 90% of schools teach 40-minute duration, 60% of the school does not arrange
26、English self-study time. Teaching hours and less than self-study counseling, study time interval is too long, resulting in low frequency of exposure to English students, so the students forget low reproduction rate, a direct impact on teaching effectiveness and teaching tasks.2.2.2 Blindness and ran
27、domnessThe creation of a number of primary school English class seems to have blindness and randomness. Some schools even for a fashion, and some English school opened on the surface, but not enough attention to school leadership.In a word,although some schools opened English class,they didnt pay en
28、ough attention to it.And there is no scientific means and measures of assessment,either. Teachers in this kind of school have little confidence and enthusiasm. Many teachers believe that English teaching in primary school is just a sort of game for it is very easy to finish the task.All these situat
29、ion cause English class catches little attention.And it has a bad influence on teaching effectiveness and teaching tasks.2.3 Teacher conditions2.3.1 Insufficient number of teachersMany primary schools are lack of English teachers. With the coming of the curriculum, the need of English teachers is ad
30、ding. Therefore, the lack of teachers is a serious problem. The distribution of graduates of tertiary institutions alone may not be able to ensure such a huge demand for English teachers of primary school in a few years.And there are not enough emphasis on the professional training of the teachers.
31、All these result to the absorption of a large number of teachers as well as such professional and technical personnel, to other professions. An important reason of this sitation is that and the salaries in other professions are higher than teachers. More foreign people are willing to work in foreign
32、 company. Therefore, teachers of English are becoming less and less.2.3.2 Problem of Teacher qualityEnglish teachers often lack of the necessary training. And impacted by the pronunciation and intonation of Chinese dialects, English teachers pronunciation is not correct extremely .These directly lea
33、d to the English pronunciation problems of students. The inevitably problem is the duplication and difficulties of junior high school English teaching . Many teachers mistakenly think that teaching was only a telling process from teachers to the students, so their language and facial expressions are
34、 veneer, but not student-centered, teaching activities were carried with a lot of boring teaching processes in fewer weekly hours. Class size is becoming bigger and bigger. Students have few opportunity to prastise their English in life. And rapid forgetting declining students interest in learning.
35、We know that primary school lay the foundation stage of the language. The outline is also clear: Teachers should try their best to enable students to lay the basis skill of pronunciation and intonation for their secondary school. Therefore, the skills of English teachers in primary school needs to b
36、e improved in the tone of voice, design classroom activities, and English teaching theory of primary school .If these teachers want to improve their weak side, the fast and effective way is to proceed from the students life to explore. According to the experience of their activities, design of activ
37、ities, or ganization of teaching from the familiar material can make students interested in self-exploration, It can not only avoid some of the shortage of teachers, but also help students can to play the main body of the learning activities.2.4 English teaching and sources of information2.4.1 Tradi
38、tional teaching methodIn some schools, English teaching, still using the traditional teaching methods.Students, as the main body learning process, was only a passive role of receiving information like a colander . The mode of learning is almost always a passive one-way linear structure,in which, tea
39、chers seems to always be in the starting point who determine the direction of study. In such a static, closed, and single learning structure, students research and innovation has been largely limited. The quality of student learning largely depends on how much memory does the teachers have and wheth
40、er the knowledge could really be absorbed by students. From which we may be able to feel a frustrating reality that students as the main body of learning in this study model, the subjective learning have been ignored. The students passivly receive the materials that already prepared by teachers. Stu
41、dents initiative and enthusiasm of learning can not fully play an important role in the uniform of teaching content and approach. And students personality has also been a certain degree of suppression under the control of teachers.2.4.2 Traditional concepts of educationDue to the influence of tradit
42、ional concepts of education, teachers teaching methods seem to be conservative and teachers language is also very flat ,boring, dull and not rich expression.Teachers are teaching without a clear purpose and even some leaders believe that English teaching is only a process that let students know ABC.
43、 Therefore, they did not try to enhance the management of English teaching, let alone the transformation of teaching .Of course, some teachers want to take various forms of teaching methods by combining physical and psychological characteristics of children, to improve teaching quality.However,the c
44、lass size is too large that they often failed. We know that English learning is a process of imitating another language. If the class size is too large, the students can not imitate the sounds of teachers clearly. And teachers can not correct the wrong voice, either. From all of the above it seems t
45、hat the quality improving of English teaching in primary school is not an easy thing. Its success requires the efforts of all educators, especially teachers who standing on the front line of education .Active learning and exploring for some teaching methods, which is adapt to modern time and close t
46、o the reality of life in their physical and mental development in primary school is necessary. And good teaching methods should be used for teaching Of course there are a lot of English teaching methods of primary school, but they only exist for a particular problem raised by English teaching .And E
47、nglish language teaching does not take into account the integrity and comprehensive. So just one or several methods selected from a lot of teaching methods can not quickly resolve the current teaching situation. According to our teaching conditions, what our teachers in primary school can do is to r
48、ead some of the teaching methods from the books and magazines, or to learn some essence of the original approach. Starting from the needs of students and continuously summarized their own unique teaching practice from the life. The exploring for English teaching methods from the life is in order to make up for the lack of primary English teaching.3. Improving the teaching environment and content3.1Impro
