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1、 教 案课 程 名 称:主要英语国家文学史及文学作品选读1 课 程 代 码: 31020022 授课专业班级 ： 英语本科, 英语师范, 英语专升本 授 课 教 师 ： 系 别 ： 外语系 教学目的：1、 使学生了解英国文学这门课的性质、学习方法、学习要求等；2、 使学生知道什么是文学以及各种文学形式。教学重点与难点：什么是文学以及各种文学形式的概念。教学方法与手段：讲授与讨论相结合。教授内容：General Introduction on LiteratureMainly, there are three kinds of literature: fiction, poetry, and d
2、rama. I. Fiction1) Definition: fiction created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may base on a true story or situation.2) Elements1. Plot: a sequence of interrelated actions and events. Five stages of plot: exposition, complication, crisis, falling action and resolution.2. Chara
3、cters: the people in fiction Types of characters: protagonist vs. antagonist Flat vs. round characters Dynamic vs. static characters3. Setting: place and objects in fictionTypes: natural, manufactured4. Point of view: the angle or perspective from which the author observes and tells the story.5. The
4、me: what the author is to say in his story.6. Style: the authors particular way of telling his story.7. Tone: the authors attitude toward his subject or audience.8. Symbolism: a key to extended meaning9. Allegory: the authors attempt to reinforce his theme by making his characters represent some spe
5、cific abstract ideas or qualities.II. Poetry1) Definition: classified as narrative or lyric.2) Elements1. Imagery An image is a concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling, or an idea.2. SymbolismA symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or objection that
6、represents something beyond itself.3. Sound: Rhyme, alliteration and assonance III. Drama1) Definition: a dialogue performed by actors on a stage before an audience.2) Elements 1. Dialogue2. Staging3. Genres: comedy, tragedy and tragic-comedy.教学目的： 1、使学生了解什么是英国文学。 2、使学生从整体沙上了解英国文学各个时期的历史背景、文学形式、主要作品
7、、作家等，以便在整体上对英国文学有一个清晰的认识。教学重点：英国文学各个历史时期文学的历史背景、文学形式、主要作家作品。教学方法与手段：讲授与讨论相结合。教授内容：A Brief Introduction to English Literature1. Old English Literature（449A.D. 1066） 1）History background：The making of the England: Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded Albion and combined into one United Kingdom-the England
8、. Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English. The transition from tribal society to feudalism2) Main literature: poetry 3) Main writers: Caedmon, Cynewulf, Venerable Bede and Alfred the Great.4) Main work: The Song of Beowulf 2. Medieval English Literatur
9、e (1066-15th century)1）History background：Feudal system was establishedRoman Catholic Church controlled over the country. 2) Main literature: poetry, Romance, Popular ballad 3) Main writers and their works: Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟 The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集William Langland威廉朗格兰 Piers the Plowman农夫皮
10、尔斯Thomas Malory 马洛里 The Death of ArthurRobin Hood Ballads 罗宾汉民谣集Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士与绿衣骑士3. Renaissance English literature (late 15th century early 17th century)1）History background：l The establishment of Tudor Dynasty (都铎王朝)(14851603)l Religious Reformationl The establishment of Prot
11、estantisml Commercial expansion abroadl The War with Spain l Movement of Renaissance l The thought of humanism arose 2) Main literature: poetry (sonnet and blank verse), drama, essay3) Main writers and their works: Thomas More托马斯莫尔 Utopia乌托邦 Edmund Spencer 埃德蒙斯宾塞The shepherds Calendar牧人日历 The Faerie
12、 Queene 仙后 William Shakespeare Francis Bacon Essays随笔集 Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗马洛Doctor Faustus浮士德博士 Ben Jonson 本琼生Volpone福尔蓬奈4. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (17th century) 1）History background：l English Revolution (1649)l The establishment of a Commonwealthl The mona
13、rchy was restored (1660)l Glorious Revolution(1688) 2) Main literature: poetry, comedy, prose3) Main writers and their works:n John Milton 弥尔顿Paradise Lost失乐园 Samson Agonistes 力士参孙n John Bunyan班扬 The Pilgrims Progress天路历程n John Dryden 德莱顿 Alexanders Feast亚历山大的宴会 The Indian Queen印第安王后n John Donne 多恩
14、The Elegies and Satires挽歌与讽刺18th century English literature-the age of EnlightenmentHistory background：l A period of comparatively peaceful developmentl Industrial Revolution l Enlightenment（启蒙运动）l The struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.2) Main literature: poetry, drama, fiction3) Literat
15、ure trends:l a) neoclassicisml b) realistic novel. l c) Sentimentalism l d) Pre-romanticism 4) Main writers and their works:l Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔笛福 Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记 Moll Flanders摩尔弗兰德斯 l Jonathan Swift 乔纳森斯威夫特 Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记l Henry Fielding 菲尔丁 Tom Jones汤姆琼斯l Thomas Gray托马斯格雷 Elegy Writt
16、en in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌William Blake 威廉布莱克 Songs of Innocence天真之歌 Songs of Experience经验之歌Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利谢里丹 The School for Scandal造谣学校 The Rivals情敌Alexander Pope 亚历山大蒲柏 The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记教学目的：1了解古英语文学的概况；2掌握古英语诗歌的特点。教学重点：1古英语诗歌的
17、分类及特征；2熟悉贝武奥甫及写作特点；3英语修辞手法头韵、抑言陈述。教学难点：分析史诗贝武奥甫中头韵、抑言陈述手法的运用。教学方法：教师讲授、学生报告与讨论相结合教授内容：The Anglo-Saxon Period (4491066)Historical background Before410 A.D., Britain had been a Roman province. After the fall of the Roman Empire (410 A.D.), the aboriginal Celtic population was conquered by the Teutonic
18、 Tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes who named the central part of Albion Anglia, or England. About 449 Jutes left Denmark, landed in the Isle of Thanet. And Angled and Saxons followed. Angles, an important Teutonic tribe furnished their new home England. The dialects gradually grew into a single lan
19、guage called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.Literature characteristicsThe literature of this period is divided into pagan literature and Christian literature. The former represent poetry and in form of oral sagas. The later represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks. The poetry was c
20、opied by the monks and has the religious coloring. Most of works can not find its scribe. Caedmon, the father of English song, is the first known religious poet of England. He wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the bible Cynewulf produced the didactic poem The Christ Alfred the Great (848-901) wrote The A
21、nglo-Saxon Chronicles. This book records the main happenings of the Anglo-Saxon period. It is the best monument of the Old English prose.Representative achievement of Anglo-Saxon periodThe Song of Beowulf The Song of Beowulf is Englands national epic. It was written by an unknown scribe at the begin
22、ning of the 10th century and was discovered in 1705. It reflects events which took place approximately at the beginning of the 6th century. The epic consists of 3182 lines and is to be divided into two parts. The main plot:Writing Features of the Poem: 1) It is not a Christian but a pagan poem. The
23、whole poem presents us an all-round picture of the tribal society and Christian culture. 2) The use of the strong stress and the predominance of consonants are very notable in this poem. Each line is divided into two halves, and each half has two heavy stresses. 3) The use of the alliteration is ano
24、ther notable feature. Three stresses of the whole line are made even more emphatic by the use of alliteration. 4) A lot of metaphors and understatements are used in the poem. For example, the sea is called the whale-road or the swan road; the soldiers are called shield-men; the chieftains are called
25、 the treasure keepers; human-body is referred to as the bone- house”; God is called wonder-wielder”; monster is referred to as soul-destroyer.Literary terms: Alliteration: a repeated initial consonant to successive words. e.g. 1.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 2.Sing a song of southern s
26、inger Epic: It is, originally, an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving action of broad sweep and grandeur. Typically, an epic includes several features: the introduction of supernatural
27、forces that shape the action; conflict in the form of battles or other physical forces combat; and stylistic conventions such as an invocation to the Muse, and set speeches couched in elevated language. They summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial p
28、eriod of its history. Eg: Iliad 伊利亚特，Odyssey奥德赛 Paradise Lost 失乐园，The Divine Comedy神曲。 教学目的:1了解中世纪英语文学的发展状况；2掌握这一时期各种文学形式及代表人物的特点。教学重点：1中世纪英国文学的总体特征；传奇、民谣的特点；2高文爵士和绿衣骑士的主题、母题分析；3罗宾汉民谣分析；4威廉朗格兰及农夫皮尔斯介绍；5乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集分析，乔叟的文学贡献；6英语诗歌知识介绍。教学难点：1主题与母题的区分；2坎特伯雷故事集中序曲的结构特征及其蕴含的宗教思想；3英语诗歌的韵律、格律特点；4学生对诗歌中古英语词汇
29、的理解。教学方法：教师讲授、学生报告和课堂讨论相结合教授内容： Medieval period(1066-ca.1485)Historical Background (what is the most important event in this period?)1. The Norman ConquestIn 1066, at the battle of Hastings, William, the energetic Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons and became the King of England.2. The Cons
30、equence of the Conquestl Politically, a feudal system and a centralized government was established in England .l Religiously, the Rome-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country.l Great changes took place in languages: the Norman lords spoke French; common English spoke old
31、English; Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and was used by the clergymen and scholars. ( As a result, many terms employed by the Normans were adopted into English language.)l Normans brought to England their own literature. Medieval English Literatureo 1.A brief survey:o The period
32、, from 1066 up to the mid-14th century, is almost a barren period in literary creation. In the second half of the 14th century, English literature starts to flourish. In comparison with Old English literature, Middle English literature is uttered by more voices, deals with a wider range of subjects
33、and is in a greater diversity of styles, tones and genres.o Romance is the most prevailing kind of literature. Popular ballad occupies an important position. o The Middle English literature reflects the principles of the medieval Christian doctrine and emphasizes the humanity of Christ and the image
34、ry of human passion. o 2. Medieval Romance1)The features of Romanceo a)The romance was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.o b)Hero: usually the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons, who sets out on a j
35、ourney to accomplish some goal - to protect the church and the king, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden, to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly command. o c)The structure is loose and episodic; the language and style are simple and straightforward. o d)It was written for the noble class, s
36、o it had nothing to do with the common people. o e)It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues.o f)It contains perilous adventures more or less remote from ordinary life, even describes supernatural things. 2) Romance CyclesRomances falls into three cycles : 1)“matters of Brit
37、ain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table), 2) “matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers) 3)“matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so forth)3) Sir Gawain and the Green Knightl It is a verse romance of 2530 lines, derived from Celtic legend.l A. Story:l B. A
38、nalysis:1) alliterative verse 2) an account of a typical chivalric adventure (motifs) 3) concerned with the rights and wrongs of conduct 4) Its theme is a series of tests on faith, courage, purity and human weakness for self-preservation. 5) structure: contains a prologue, an epilogue and its main b
39、ody.6) the unknown author tries to make his romance the vehicle of a wise morality in which the humorously grotesque merges with the morally serious. 3 Popular Ballads 1) Introduction: Popular ballads are originally dance songs in verse form, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lin
40、es rhymed. They are mainly literature of peasants, created collectively by people and constantly revised in the process of being handed down from mouth to mouth. There were several kinds of ballads: historical, legendary, fantastical, lyrical and humorous. 2) Ballads of Robin Hood The most famous cy
41、cle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called Robin Hood. Robin Hood is partly a real and partly a legendary figure who lived during the reign of Richard I. He was the leader of a band of outlaws, and they lived in the deep forest. They often attacked the rich, waged
42、war against the bishops and archbishops, and helped the poor people. Therefore, Robin Hood and his followers were constantly hunted by the sheriffs. Robin Hood ballads shows the fighting spirit, indomitable courage and revolutionary energy of the English peasantry. Middle English Prosen Thomas Malor
43、y is the only important prose writer in the fifteenth century. He wrote an important work called Morte dArthur (Death of Arthur) .n Malorys tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death. . William Langland 1. Introduction William Langland was born in the
44、western midland of the country, living from about 1330 to about 1400. In 1362, he began his famous poem Piers the Plowman , which had been repeatedly revised, and of which three texts have been left to us. It was written in the old alliterative verse: each line contained three alliterated words, two
45、 of which were placed in the first half, and the third in the second half. 2. Piers the Plowman The poem describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed. It is written in the form of a dream vision. The poem is also an allegory which uses symbolism to relate truth. The poet uses indignant
46、satire in his description of social abuses caused by the corruption prevailing among the ruling classes, ecclesiastical and secular. The poem is written in alliteration.Geoffrey Chaucer. Life Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London around 1340. At the age of 17, he served as a page to Elizabeth . At the age of 19, he served with the English army in France and married to Philippa was at the age of 26. Between the year of 1372
